Senator SPARKMAN. May I say that Senator McCarthy, as he told us in the beginning, has a commitment to leave town at 1 o'clock, and I have talked with him and suggested to him that we complete this Law Student's Association and not take up another case today.

Senator MCCARTHY. I may say, Mr. Chairman, that my commitment is not so hard and fast that I can't stay 15 minutes or half an hour. It is a private plane, and they are waiting for me about 1 o'clock. If I thought we could finish the entire matter today I would be glad to stay over for an hour or two, even, but obviously we can't, so I would just as soon get away at the earliest time, at the convenience of the committee.

Senator SPARKMAN. I believe the better plan would be to complete the case here and then to recess until a time convenient with the committee. We had better wait until Senator Fulbright gets here to reach that decision?

Did you get the date of this?

Senator MCCARTHY. I haven't yet, Mr. Chairman, but appendix 9 will be supplied to the committee.

Senator SPARKMAN. I think it is important; and may I that we all might turn over in our minds

say this, Senator MCCARTHY. I am not sure that all of my staff understands my filing system, so I may have to get that myself.

Senator SMITH of New Jersey. I am advised that appendix 9 is on the way, Mr. Witness.

DATES OF CITATIONS RELATIVE TO AMERICAN LAW STUDENTS' ASSOCIATION

Senator SPARKMAN. Just as we were leaving, Senator Fulbright asked a question. I am not sure that it was ever completed. I hope he will be back momentarily. But I may say this, Senator McCarthy, that my understanding is, and I am not sure whether this was brought out in the Tydings committee hearings or where, that Mr. Jessup's connection with the American Law Students' Association as a faculty adviser, along with faculty members from several law schools in the New York City area, was from 1937 until 1940. Senator Fulbright had just started to ask a question, I think, relating to the early period of that organization. I think it would be important for us to know when it was determined to be a Communist-front organization; and, furthermore, if we have any records to verify the time that Mr. Jessup was associated with it.

Senator Fulbright, would you like to follow up with your question now?

Senator MCCARTHY. Let me answer the Senator's question. We have some of the citations here that will give some picture of when the organizations were set up as Communist fronts.

Senator SPARKMAN. I think it is important for us to keep separate the American Law Students' Association and the others which you cite, including the American Youth Congress. You do show when they were declared to be Communist front, but I think it is highly important that we differentiate between the one that Dr. Jessup was a faculy adviser to, and these others, which several years later were found to be Communist-front organizations.

Senator MCCARTHY. Not several years later, Senator.

Senator SPARKMAN. I just happened to look at this one-'48. The first you give is '47 and the next is '48. Then you give one in 1942.

Senator MCCARTHY. He was one of Lattimore's lawyers, is the reason I mentioned that particular name. If you want me to screen the other names and go over them with you I will be glad to. I would not take time to go into that now.

Senator GILLETTE. Senator McCarthy, in the clipping you have here, or photostat, from the American Law Student's Association, carrying the name of Prof. Philip Jessup as on the advisory board, undated, can you give us any evidence as to his connection with this organization at or about the time it was cited as a subversive organization?

Senator MCCARTHY. The Senator has asked me to get the dates of this. I have already sent my man over to the office to get those. Senator GILLETTE. Thank you.

Senator SPARKMAN. Is that all on that one?

Senator FULBRIGHT. I wanted to offer one note for the record. I have been informed that a convention of the American Law Student's Association in 1938 was attended by Senator William E. Borah and Elbert D. Thomas, and greetings and good wishes were received from Senator Arthur H. Vandenberg, Senator Robert F. Wagner, and the Honorable Robert H. Jackson, now on the Supreme Court, and from Mayor Fiorello H. LaGuardia. All were apparently in a sense associated, in that they sent their good wishes to that convention. Senator MCCARTHY. That was 'way back in '38.

Senator FULBRIGHT. Was that the time Jessup was affiliated with it? Senator MCCARTHY. Senator, if you had listened to my testimony you would not have to ask those questions over and over. I told you I was reasonably certain it was during the time he was editor of the Far East Survey.

Senator SPARKMAN. Let me stop right there. There is a vote being taken right now on the Williams tax amendment. Let the committee stand in recess for 10 minutes while we all go and vote.

(A brief recess was taken.)

Senator SPARKMAN. Let the committee come to order, please. We will resume.

IMPORTANCE OF SUBCOMMITTEE'S ASSIGNMENT

Senator MCCARTHY. Mr. Chairman, I think, or I gathered, that a statement made here earlier has been misunderstood. We were talking about haggling. I said if we did too much it would be reminiscent of another committee. I have been given to understand that the press understood me to say that I would ask for another committee. I hope the press will correct that. So far as I am concerned, I want the members to know that I think this is one of the finest committees or courts I have ever appeared before. The questions are intelligent; they are strong, which they should be, and I think this is the type of examination and cross-examination any witness should get who comes before a committee on a matter this important.

I just hope if there are any of those who misunderstood that humorous remark they will straighten it out.

Senator SPARKMAN. I heard very clearly, and I am sure the committee did.

Senator SMITH of New Jersey. Our feelings aren't hurt, I will say to the Senator. We are glad to have a chance to explore these things and get the facts.

Senator SPARKMAN. May I say that Senator McCarthy, as he told us in the beginning, has a commitment to leave town at 1 o'clock, and I have talked with him and suggested to him that we complete this Law Student's Association and not take up another case today.

Senator MCCARTHY. I may say, Mr. Chairman, that my commitment is not so hard and fast that I can't stay 15 minutes or half an hour. It is a private plane, and they are waiting for me about 1 o'clock. If I thought we could finish the entire matter today I would be glad to stay over for an hour or two, even, but obviously we can't, so I would just as soon get away at the earliest time, at the convenience of the committee.

Senator SPARKMAN. I believe the better plan would be to complete the case here and then to recess until a time convenient with the committee. We had better wait until Senator Fulbright gets here to reach that decision?

Did you get the date of this?

Senator MCCARTHY. I haven't yet, Mr. Chairman, but appendix 9 will be supplied to the committee.

Senator SPARKMAN. I think it is important; and may I say this, that we all might turn over in our minds

Senator MCCARTHY. I am not sure that all of my staff understands my filing system, so I may have to get that myself.

Senator SMITH of New Jersey. I am advised that appendix 9 is on the way, Mr. Witness.

DATES OF CITATIONS RELATIVE TO AMERICAN LAW STUDENTS' ASSOCIATION

Senator SPARKMAN. Just as we were leaving, Senator Fulbright asked a question. I am not sure that it was ever completed. I hope he will be back momentarily. But I may say this, Senator McCarthy, that my understanding is, and I am not sure whether this was brought out in the Tydings committee hearings or where, that Mr. Jessup's connection with the American Law Students' Association as a faculty adviser, along with faculty members from several law schools in the New York City area, was from 1937 until 1940. Senator Fulbright had just started to ask a question, I think, relating to the early period of that organization. I think it would be important for us to know when it was determined to be a Communist-front organization; and, furthermore, if we have any records to verify the time that Mr. Jessup was associated with it.

Senator Fulbright, would you like to follow up with your question now?

Senator MCCARTHY. Let me answer the Senator's question. We have some of the citations here that will give some picture of when the organizations were set up as Communist fronts.

Senator SPARKMAN. I think it is important for us to keep separate the American Law Students' Association and the others which you cite, including the American Youth Congress. You do show when they were declared to be Communist front, but I think it is highly important that we differentiate between the one that Dr. Jessup was a faculy adviser to, and these others, which several years later were found to be Communist-front organizations.

Senator MCCARTHY. Not several years later, Senator.

Senator SPARKMAN. I just happened to look at this one-'48. The first you give is '47 and the next is '48. Then you give one in 1942.

Senator MCCARTHY. May I say, Senator, that in order to understand the function of the American Law Students' Association we must take all of the affiliated groups. In view of the citation dated January 3, 1939, which shows that 17 national youth organizations were set up, the purpose of course being to control the thinking of young people, we must take all of them. We find that Attorney General Francis Biddle cited the close affiliation of the American Youth Congress.

It originated in 1934 and

**

*

has been controlled by Communists and manipulated by them to influence the thought of American youth.

I agree with the Chair that we should have the complete crossindexing, the cross-picture between American Law Students' Association and the other 16 youth organizations that were set up as Communist fronts, and whether I can give the committee the entire picture of that myself or not I don't know, but I can give the staff of the committee sufficient information so that they will have no trouble developing it.

Senator SPARKMAN. May I say at this point that we have obtained appendix 9. I want to read the title:

"Investigations of Un-American Propaganda Activities in the United States, Special Committee on Un-American Activities, House of Representatives, Seventy-eighth Congress, second session." The appendix, part 9, is entitled "Communist Front Organizations With Special Reference to the National Citizens Political Action Committee, First Section, United States Government Printing Office, Washington, 1944." So I suppose that fixes the date.

INTERLOCKING COMMUNIST-FRONT ORGANIZATIONS

Senator SMITH of New Jersey. Just this supplementary inquiry here. Do you suggest that Mr. Jessup had any connection with these Communist fronts that are cited here in this appendix 9 as connected with this American Law Student's Association: The American Youth Congress, the American League Against War and Fascism, and United Students Committee? Do you suggest that he had any connection with those?

Senator MCCARTHY. Senator, as I understand the entire picture, and I believe we should get you all of the citations-there, frankly, I cut them short-the picture I believe is given pretty well in the report of January 3, 1939, in which they point out that there were set up 17 national youth organizations for the Communist fronts, all interlocking and doing the same work, and one of the affiliates was the American Law Student's Association, so that a man who belonged to No. 14, unless he was completely naive, should have known what No. 9 was doing, and No. 10, because there was an interlocking group of Communist fronts set up for the purpose of subverting youth.

Senator SMITH of New Jersey. You do not think a member of the faculty of of Columbia University Law School, which incidentally I had the pleasure of attending myself when I studied law-it is a pretty well-known institution and pretty outstanding-might have been asked to be on this board of advisers of this American Law Student's Association and could have been without any knowledge whatever of any subterranean connections with these other organizations?

Senator MCCARTHY. I would say, Senator, that if this were the only front that he was affiliated with, my guess would be purely a guess, but the fact that Jessup was in the printing business-I don't mean that he did job printing, but he had editorial control of the publications of the Pacific Council, of the IPR, from 1939 to 1942, inclusive, I believe which was being printed in New York, and in 1943 and 1944 the American Council publications, a vast number of pamphlets at that time, and I intend to give you the names of Communist writers he used, would indicate he unquestionably recognized the Communist print-shop label, so he knew that the material being put out by the American Law Student's Association was being printed by the Prompt Press, which is a well known Communist print shop.

I mention that, Senator, to point out that there is additional evidence besides his mere naming on the letterhead, and when we get to the next one I think you will see how the Communist fronts are tied together. I don't want to get to that before we have completed this

one.

Senator GILLETTE. Mr. Chairman.

Senator SPARKMAN. Senator Gillette?

DATE OF JESSUP'S ASSOCIATION

Senator GILLETTE. Senator McCarthy, I am still unable to fix the time. The chairman has just called attention to this report, the date of this report from the House Un-American Activities Committee of 1944. At that time they cited these various other organizations as being affiliated with the American Law Student's Association. But when was Professor Jessup's membership with the American Law Student's Association? Was it at the time it was cited, or was it prior to that time?

Senator MCCARTHY. I didn't hear the first part of your question, but I gather the content was, When was Jessup associated? I have just gotten a note from my office to the effect that the original is undated, but that the file would indicate what Senator Sparkman has indicated here, and that is that this was some time late in '37 or '38, undoubtedly in 38. That would cover the time described by the UnAmerican Activities Committee, dated January 3, 1939, in which they point out that the 17 organizations were being set up. Let me read it verbatim, so there will be no mistake:

The American Student Union announced that it set up the “front” movement, the United Student Peace Committee, in 1938, which has brought into its front 17 national youth organizations.

That was in 1938 that they made that announcement. Now, how long Jessup continued as an adviser I don't know. I don't have any idea.

Senator GILLETTE. You don't have anything to show that?

Senator MCCARTHY. Many of these letters were apparently undated. Apparently they sent this stuff out undated. Why, I don't know.

DISTINGUISHING BETWEEN A LETTER AND A LETTERHEAD

Senator GILLETTE. Of course, this was a letterhead, and would naturally be undated.

Do you have anything to show that Professor Jessup was on the advisory board of the American Law Student's Association at any time when it was being charged with being a Communist front?