ASCERTAINING DATE OF CITATION AS COMMUNIST FRONT

Senator FULBRIGHT. I don't follow you, Senator McCarthy. When was the first time this organization was cited as a Communist front? Senator MCCARTHY. Senator, I don't think that the legislation placing upon the Attorney General the duty of citing was in existence before some time early in 1944 or early in the 1940's. What date, I do not know. The citation of this organization, the first citation on here, is March 29, 1944. The citation is only for the benefit of the individuals who are not supposed to understand the workings of the Communist Party. A man who is Ambassador at Large, who is high in the State Department, should not need the advice of some legislative committee to tell him he is working in a subversive organization. This is merely to notify the public of what this particular organization is doing, so that the dupes and the well-meaning people won't join. Senator FULBRIGHT. Do you have any evidence of your own that it was a Communist front prior to the first citation in 1944?

Senator MCCARTHY. I am not giving evidence of my own.

Senator FULBRIGHT. I know you are not giving evidence. I ask you, do you have any evidence?

Senator MCCARTHY. Yes. Let me read it to you:

It will be remembered that during the days of the infamous Soviet-Nazi Pact, the Communists built protective organizations known as the National Emergency Conference, the National Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights, which culminated in the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties.

This citation is dated September 2, 1947, but the citation says that this was formed as a Communist-built protective organization during the Nazi-Soviet Pact, and that is the time that Jessup, according to the legislative report dated February 15, 1940, was on the board of

sponsors.

Does that answer your question, Senator?

Senator FULBRIGHT. Do you think that indicates that at that time it was a Communist-front organization?

Senator MCCARTHY. It indicates the congressional committee, after taking all the evidence, decided that it was a Communist front, and I certainly am willing to take and go along with the House committee on that.

This citation was after they had taken the evidence on the organization.

Again I call attention, for the benefit of Senator Smith, who asked the first question, that this citation does go back to the date that Jessup's name appears as a member of the board of sponsors, not merely one of the members, but on the board of sponsors.

Senator FULBRIGHT. I notice Prof. Paul Douglas, now Senator from Illinois, is on that list. Do you consider that he is also a bad security risk?

Senator MCCARTHY. I don't know what Professor Douglas' beliefs were at that time, and I would not pass upon Professor Douglas, because I am not concerned with Professor Douglas at this time.

Let me say that: As I said before, Senator, on each one of these you will find some good people. You will find some Senators; you will find some fine loyal American women on various of these. But you will not find Professor Douglas, I don't believe, on six Communist fronts.

SIGNIFICANCE OF ASSOCIATIONS

Senator FULBRIGHT. I understand that, and it seems to me pertinent to inquire into those. It seems that the theory of your case is that because he associated or was identified, with both individuals and certain associations of people, therefore it makes him a bad security risk. So, it seems to me that it is very important to examine some of the other people who are also in the same position; isn't it? Senator MCCARTHY. I think that is an excellent idea. We will find some interesting people on this list, also, but let me make this clear, Senator: If Jessup had been merely affiliated with one Communist front, and had said it was a mistake"I didn't know what it was; it has a fine name, you see, the National Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights"-if he was merely affiliated with one Communist front, or if his only activities were concerned with these six Communist fronts, if he didn't have the other evidence which I intend to give the committee, perhaps you might be able to pass him, but I am sure we must take the entire history of this man, follow him through the past 10 years, find out what organizations he has been promoting, what individuals he has been recommending for high jobs, whose money he has been spending, the petitions he has signed. I hope the Senator will keep that in mind. You can pick out, as I say

Senator FULBRIGHT. Don't you think, if we are to draw any conclusions, that we should take each of your cases as it goes along and at the end we will draw those conclusions?

The assumption that the extent of his association or the character of the particular organization was one thing or another, we will have to develop individually.

Now, on this particular one, can you develop yourself, other than what you stated here, any additional evidence that in 1940 it was engaged in subversive activities?

Senator MCCARTHY. Senator, I am willing to rely upon the congressional committees who subpenaed witnesses, took evidence, and, after doing that, made the solemn pronouncement that this organization at this particular time that Jessup's name appears on it was, and I quote, "A Communist-built protective organization known as the National Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights." That is one committee.

I might say that this is not the only committee that cited it. The California State Legislative Committee also cited it. Now, I don't claim, Senator, to have more information than those legislative committees which were assigned the task of deciding whether or not this was an organization doing the work of, by, and for the Communist Party.

Senator GILLETTE. Senator McCarthy, what did you just read from? Senator MCCARTHY. I read, Senator, from Report No. 115, dated September 2, 1947, page 12, of the Congressional Committee on UnAmerican Activities, House of Representatives. You will find that reproduced on Communist Front No. 1, page 2. It is actually page 3 but it is numbered page 2. It is the second entry.

SIGNIFICANCE OF CITATION DATES

Senator GILLETTE. But, Senator, may I ask you there-I notice that the letterhead that you have reproduced here, on which Mr. Jessup's name appears as one of the sponsors, is dated February 15, 1940.

Senator MCCARTHY. That is right.

Senator GILLETTE. These citations run all the way from 3 years subsequent to that. Do you have any evidence that he was a sponsor of or connected with this organization during the period it was cited? Senator MCCARTHY. Senator, this organization did its most vicious work during the Hitler-Nazi Pact, you will find, and the citation refers back to that time.

I refer the Senator particularly to that point. In paragraph 2 the citation is to the effect that

during the days of the infamous Soviet-Nazi Pact, the Communists built protective organizations known as the National Emergency Conference, the National Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights, which culminated in the National Federation for Constitutional Liberties.

That is the date when Jessup's name appears upon it. So that, while the date of the citation is 1947, it labels the organization as of the date that Jessup belonged to it.

Senator GILLETTE. And do you make the connection in time as to the activities, not as to the time of the citation?

Senator MCCARTHY. That is correct, Senator. That is correct. Senator FULBRIGHT. What was the vicious work that they did in 1940, Senator McCarthy?

Senator MCCARTHY. Senator, I do not propose to go into that. If you want that, you will have to get the House committee's report in detail. I am not an authority on the hundreds of Communist-front organizations.

Senator FULBRIGHT. You just made a statement of the "vicious work" they did. What did you have in mind when you made that statement?

Senator MCCARTHY. I have in mind the committee report, Senator. Keep this in mind: that I don't propose to go beyond those committee reports. I may say that that was a Democratic-controlled committee; it was not a committee of the opposite party attempting to embarrass the administration because their people were in it.

I beg your pardon; that was a Republican committee. It is so seldom we have those that one is inclined to forget.

Senator FULBRIGHT. You don't think that makes much difference; do you? Don't you think Democrats can be as good Americans as Republicans?

Senator MCCARTHY. I have always said, Senator, that it is very unfortunate that this fight against Communists at home has degenerated into a fight between America's two great political parties. I think people who have long belonged to the Democratic Party love America just as much as the average citizen does. I merely mention this: that at times when there is a citation by a Republican committee I have heard the answer, "Well, they are merely trying to embarrass the administration," and men of little minds are still trying to make this a political issue.

Senator FULBRIGHT. You would not do anything like that; would you?

Senator MCCARTHY. Senator, I have tried to keep this out of politics as much as I can. But now that the administration is attempting to make this the issue, so far as I am concerned, I welcome that. When the President says, "I intend to keep Acheson on as long as I am

President," that makes this a political issue. These are all his pals. I think the American people will welcome the fact that he did it. They can decide now whether they want the Acheson-LattimoreService-Davies crowd or not. They have been served notice by the President that they will have them as long as he is there. It has been made a political issue. I intend to bring this story to the American people, from the Atlantic to the Pacific, from New Orleans to St. Paul, because it appears now that the only way that we can get a housecleaning is by pointing out that the administrative branch of the Democratic Party-I may say that I think it is an insult to the good loyal Democrats, many in the Senate and on this subcommittee, to label the Administration Party as the Democratic Party. It should probably be labeled as the Commicrat Party, seeing that you brought up the question of politics, Senator.

is!

VIRGINIUS DABNEY

Senator FULBRIGHT. Senator, do you know who Virginius Dabney

Senator MCCARTHY. I don't know Virginia Dabney.

Senator FULBRIGHT. Virginius Dabney, a man. He is editor of the leading paper in Richmond, Va., I believe, and a very prominent Southern Democrat.

Senator MCCARTHY, I don't know Virginius Dabney.

Senator FULBRIGHT. You never heard of him?

Senator MCCARTHY. I never heard of him.

BOARD OF SPONSORS

Senator FULBRIGHT. Have you examined any of the other people on this so-called board of sponsors?

Senator MCCARTHY. Oh, yes; I glanced through them. As I have explained, I know we will find some good people on each of these Communist fronts. If we didn't, the Communist fronts would not have been effective. That is one of the reasons, of course, that people are learning not to lend their names indiscriminately to organizations merely because they have fine names.

Also, the report of the California State Legislative Committee on Un-American Activities, Report 1948, pages 112 and 327, cited this organization as a Communist-front organization defending Communists:

After the dissolution of the American League for Peace and Democracy in February 1940, the Communist Party frantically organized a new series of front organizations. The National Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights was one of the new fronts, and it was filled from top to bottom with veteran Communist Party liners.

May I say in passing that the American League for Peace and Democracy was headed up by Frederick V. Field, to show his close. association with Jessup again later on.

The National Emergency Conference for Democratic Rights was one of the new fronts that was filled from top to bottom with veteran party liners.

It was cited as "subversive and un-American" in the report of the Special Committee of the House Committee on Appropriations, Report April 21, 1943, page 3.

That is No. 1.

THE AMERICAN RUSSIAN INSTITUTE

Communist front No. 2 is the American Russian Institute. Again we will find Jessup, the committee will notice, the last name in column 1. The list is headed by Louis Adamic, another well-known Communist, of course. I should not say "another"; a well-known Communist. Senator SMITH of New Jersey. What is the date of that? It says "October 19" on the first page. What year was that? Have you got the year?

Seantor MCCARTHY. I am sorry, Senator, I do not have the date on this. I am sure we can get you that date. I am very sorry we do not have the date on it.

Senator SMITH of New Jersey. I mention that only because I recall that there were a number of people interested in what we thought might be a set-up for friendly relations with Russia in the early days, long before we knew what Russia really was, and I want to be sure that you are not trying to imply that these good people whose names appear on page 1, many of whom I know intimately, were in any way mixed up with any Communist activity.

Senator MCCARTHY. No, Senator. Just so none of these good people can be unnecessarily injured by this, let me repeat again-I dislike taking the committee's time; I would like to repeat-that you will find on every Communist front that was affected a number of very good and very well meaning people. Some of our great philanthropists you will find on some of them, but you do not find them on such a number, and you don't find the balance of the activities which we will give you.

You understand his affiliation with Communist fronts is only a small part of the story on Jessup, which the committee will realize before I get through with it.

EXTENT OF AFFILIATION

Senator FULBRIGHT. What is the extent of his affiliation with this institute? This seems to be a dinner that was being given.

Senator MCCARTHY. The extent of his affiliation, Senator, I do not know. Philip Jessup and I aren't on a "Dear Phil, Dear Joe" basis. I tell the Senator I do not know the extent of his affiliation. I find his affiliation is with this Communist front. I am giving it to the committee.

Senator FULBRIGHT. How are we to understand there was any affiliation other than this dinner? Apparently there are many people on this list.

Senator MCCARTHY. I don't know what the Senator is going to understand. I am sure when this picture is completed he will understand that Jessup has a tremendously great affinity for Communist causes and because of that he is unfit to hold a top position heading the fight, if you please, against the Communists.

WAS JESSUP A MEMBER OF THE AMERICAN-RUSSIAN INSTITUTE

Senator FULBRIGHT. Well, let's take this example. Here is someone for whom they were giving a dinner, were they not? Was he a member of this institute? Did he function in it?