Of the 297 steers and bulls which were put in the Phoenix stables September 15 by Mr. Morris, 37 affected with pleuro-pneumonia died. or were killed for examination previous to the 28th of November. Three others died of Texas fever and 1 cripple was killed up to the same date. November 29 and 30 and December 1, 244 of the remainder were slaughtered, of which 182 were found affected.

One of the Inspectors of the Bureau of Animal Industry was stationed at the rendering company's platform from October 19 to November 30, to make post mortem examination of all cows coming there from the city of Chicago. During that time he examined 19 cows, of which 6 had died of lung-plague.

The following table shows the number of cattle placed in quarantine in Chicago and vicinity from October 13 to December 30, all being in private herds and stables, and the greater part of which were quaran tined because of exposure to affected cattle on the various commons about the city:

The above is a brief résumé of the work that has been accomplished in Chicago by co-operation between the State Live-Stock Commission and the Bureau of Animal Industry since the discovery of the recent outbreak of pleuro-pneumonia. As there was great apprehension that cattle would be removed from the distillery stables and disseminate the disease in Illinois and other States, a guard of deputy sheriffs was placed at each stable and at the Harvey farm. Two were on duty at each place during the day and four at night. Besides these, two men were employed to count the cattle daily, in order that any decrease in number would be at once discovered. Six veterinary inspectors were

also ordered to Chicago to inspect the city and learn to what extent the contagion had progressed outside of the distillery stables.

The following rules and regulations for co-operation were certified. to the governor of Illinois and accepted by him:

Rules and regulations for co-operation between the U. S. Department of Agriculture and the authorities of the several States and Territories for the suppression and extirpation of contagious pleuro-pneumonia of cattle.

Recent acts of Congress make it the duty of the Commissioner of Agriculture to prepare rules and regulations for the suppression and extirpation of the contagious pleuro-pneumonia of cattle, and authorize expenditures for investigation, disinfection, quarantine, and for the purchase of diseased animals for slaughter. The following are the sections bearing upon this subject:

"SEC. 3. That it shall be the duty of the Commissioner of Agriculture to prepare such rules and regulations as he may deem necessary for the speedy and effectual suppression and extirpation of said diseases, and to certify such rules and regulations to the executive authority of each State and Territory, and invite said authorities to co-operate in the execution and enforcement of this act. Whenever the plans and methods of the Commissioner of Agriculture shall be accepted by any State or Territory in which pleuro-pneumonia or other contagious, infectious, or communicable disease is declared to exist, or such State or Territory shall have adopted plans and methods for the suppression and extirpation of said diseases, and such plans and methods shall be accepted by the Commissioner of Agriculture, and whenever the governor of a State or other properly constituted authorities signify their readiness to co-operate for the extinction of any contagious, infectious, or communicable disease in conformity with the provisions of this act, the Commissioner of Agriculture is hereby authorized to expend so much of the money appropriated by this act as may be necessary in such investigations, and in such disinfection and quarantine measures as may be necessary to prevent the spread of the disease from one State or Territory into another.' (Approved May 29, 1884.)

BUREAU OF ANIMAL INDUSTRY.

"For carrying out the provisions of the act of May 29, 1884, establishing the Bureau of Animal Industry, $100,000; and the Commissioner of Agriculture is hereby authorized to use any part of this sum he may deem necessary or expedient, and in such manner as he may think best, to prevent the spread of pleuro-pneumonia, and for this purpose to employ as many persons as he may deem necessary, and to expend any part of this sum in the purchase and destruction of diseased animals whenever in his judgment it is essential to prevent the spread of pleuro-pneumonia from one State into another." (Approved June 30, 1886.)

In accordance with these laws I hereby certify the following rules and regulations for co-operation between the Department of Agriculture and the authorities of the several States and Territories, which I deem necessary to insure results commensurate with the money expended:

INSPECTION.

1. The necessary Inspectors will be furnished by the Bureau of Animal Industry of the Department of Agriculture.

2. The properly constituted Inspectors of the Bureau of Animal Industry which are assigned to the respective States are to be authorized by proper State authorities to make inspections of cattle under the laws of the State; they are to receive such protection and assistance as would be given to State officers engaged in similar work, and shall be permitted to examine quarantined herds whenever so directed by the Commissioner of Agriculture or the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry.

3. All reports of inspections will be made to the Bureau of Animal Industry, and a copy of these will then be made and forwarded to the proper State authorities. When, however, any Inspector discovers a herd infected with contagious pleuropneumonia, he will at once report the same to the proper State authority as well as to the Bureau of Animal Industry.

4. The Inspectors, while always subject to orders from the Department of Agriculture, will cordially co-operate with State authorities, and will follow instructions received from them.

QUARANTINE.

5. When contagious pleuro-pneumonia is discovered in any herd, the owner or person in charge is to be at once notified by the Inspector, and the quarantine regu lations of the State in which the herd is located are to be enforced from that time.

The affected animals will be isolated, when possible, from the remainder of the herd until they can be properly appraised and slaughtered.

8. Quarantine restrictions once imposed are not to be removed by the State authorities without due notice to the proper officers of the Department of Agriculture. 9. The period of quarantine will be at least ninety days, dating from the removal of the last diseased animal from the herd. During this period no animal will be allowed to enter the herd or to leave it, and all animals in the herd will be carefully isolated from other cattle.

When possible, all infected herds are to be held in quarantine and not allowed to leave the infected premises except for slaughter. In this case fresh animals may be added to the herd at the owner's risk, but are to be considered as infected animals and subjected to the same quarantine regulations as the other members of the herd.

SLAUGHTER AND COMPENSATION.

10. All animals affected with contagious pleuro-pneumonia are to be slaughtered as soon after their discovery as the necessary arrangements can be made.

11. When diseased animals are reported to the State authorities, they shall promptly take such steps as they desire to confirm the diagnosis. The animals found diseased are then to be appraised according to the provisions of the State law, and the proper officer of the Bureau of Animal Industry (who will be designated by the Commissioner of Agriculture) notified of the appraisement. If this representative of the Bureau of Animal Industry confirms the diagnosis and approves the appraisement, the Department of Agriculture will purchase the diseased animals of the owner and pay such a proportion of the appraised value as is provided for compensation in such cases by the laws of the State in which the animals are located when they are condemned and slaughtered by State authority.

DISINFECTION.

12. All necessary disinfection will be conducted by the employés of the Bureau of Animal Industry.

INOCULATION.

13. Inoculation is not recommended by the Department of Agriculture, and it is believed that its adoption with animals that are to be afterwards sold to go into other herds would counteract the good results which would otherwise follow from the slaughter of the diseased animals. It will not be practiced in this State.

The co-operation of governors, of State live stock commissions, and of other officers who may be in charge of the branch of the service provided for the control of the contagious diseases of animals in the States where pleuro-pneumonia exists, is earnestly requested under these rules and regulations, which have been framed with a view of securing uniform and efficient action throughout the whole infected district. It is hoped that with a vigorous enforcement of such regulations the disease may be prevented from extending beyond its present limits, and may be in time entirely eradicated.

WASHINGTON, D. C., August 2, 1886.

NORMAN J. COLMAN,
Commissioner of Agriculture.

By virtue of the authority imposed upon me as governor of the State of Illinois I hereby accept the above rules and regulations, and the proper officers of this State will co-operate with the United States Department of Agriculture for their enforcement. RICHARD J. OGLESBY.

SPRINGFIELD, ILL., September 27, 1886.

The Department has not purchased diseased animals for slaughter in Illinois, because the law of that State makes it the duty of the live-stock commissioners to slaughter such animals at once without compensation. With this law on the statute-books of the State, and with no apparent reason why it should not be enforced, it was not "essential to prevent the spread of pleuro-pneumonia from one State into another" that any part of the appropriation should be used in Illinois to purchase diseased animals for slaughter. This conclusion was confirmed by the desirability of adopting only such measures as conform with the statutes of the States in which the work is being done, so long as our only authority to enforce regulations within the States must be obtained from State legislation.

PROGRESS OF CO-OPERATION WITH OTHER INFECTED STATES.

Co-operation with the other infected States has not progressed as satisfactorily as was anticipated. In the latter part of July a conference was held in Philadelphia, at which were present the Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry, and representatives of the States of New Jersey, Pennsylvania, Delaware, and Maryland. In formulating the rules and regulations for co-operation as much consideration was given for the views expressed at that conference as was consistent with the object that was to be accomplished. It was understood at the time that the four States there represented would cooperate with this Department under any reasonable rules and regulations.

Rules and regulations were issued on August 2, and sent to the governors of the interested States for their acceptance. With the exception of the following rules, which were omitted or changed in the case of Illinois, they were identical with those given above as accepted by that State:

6. To insure a perfect and satisfactory quarantine, a chain fastened with a numbered lock will be placed around the horns, or with hornless animals around the neck, and a record will be kept showing the number of the lock placed upon each animal in the herd.

7. The locks and chains will be furnished by the Department of Agriculture, but they will become the property of the State in which they are used, in order that any one tampering with them can be proceeded against legally for injuring or embez zling the property of the State.

8. Quarantine restrictions once imposed are not to be removed by the State authorities without the consent of the proper officers of the Department of Agriculture.

INOCULATION.

13. Inoculation is not recommended by the Department of Agriculture, and it is believed that its adoption with animals that are to be afterwards sold to go into other herds would counteract the good results which would otherwise follow from the slaughter of the diseased animals. It may, however, be practiced by State authorities under the following rules:

14. No herds but those in which pleuro-pneumonia has appeared are to be inoculated.

15. Inoculated herds are to be quarantined with lock and chain on each animal; the quarantine restrictions are to remain in force so long as any inoculated cattle survive, and these animals are to leave the premises only for immediate slaughter. 16. Fresh animals are to be taken into inoculated herds only at the risk of the owner, and shall be subject to the same rules as the other cattle of the inoculated herd.

17. The Chief of the Bureau of Animal Industry is to be promptly notified by the State authorities of each herd inoculated, of the final disposition of each member of the herd, of the post mortem appearances, and of any other facts in the history of the herd which may prove of value.

The State of New York was not represented at the conference, as the State veterinarian, Prof. James Law, was then attending to some business in the Western States. After returning, however, he gave it as his opinion that, with the large number of infected herds known to exist on Long Island and in the city of New York and vicinity, it would be unwise to attempt to control the plague with the present small appropriation.

The governor of New Jersey has not accepted the rules, and it appears that the obstacles to co-operation were Rules 8 and 15. The objection to Rule 8 was removed by an offer from this Department to change the reading from "without the consent of the proper officers H. Mis. 156-2

of the Department of Agriculture" to "without due notice to the proper officers of the Department of Agriculture." This concession was also made to the State of Illinois, but the experience of the last four months leads me to the opinion that it would be wiser for the Department to adhere to the original reading. State authorities often have very different ideas from those entertained by the officers of this Department as to the time when it is safe to remove quarantine restrictions. They consequently object to restrictions which they cannot remove at will. On the other hand, if the National Government appropriates money to pay the expense of this work, there certainly should be some guarantee that the proper regulations are enforced.

The objection to Rule 15 still stands in the way of co-operation with New Jersey. The State authorities have adopted the practice of inoculation, and release the inoculated herds from quarantine after a short period of isolation. After carefully considering the question and all the scientific evidence bearing upon it, I am of the opinion that it is useless to attempt to eradicate pleuro-pneumonia in States where inoculation is practiced and where inoculated animals are afterwards allowed to mingle with the cattle of other herds. The money expended for the purchase of diseased animals for slaughter under such conditions is consequently largely wasted.

The State authorities of New Jersey, however, have been assisted by employing one or more veterinarians nearly the whole time, whose duty it has been to investigate reported outbreaks of disease and give such aid as was needed in inspection and in enforcing the State quarantine regulations. Thirty-one infected herds have been reported from this State, containing 530 animals, of which 42 were diseased. The governor of Pennsylvania has also failed to accept these rules and regulations. His reasons for not acting on them are unknown The governor's agent in charge of the pleuro-pneumonia work raised some objections to Rule 15, but admitted that its enforcement would make no great difference to the State. Inoculation is practiced by the Pennsylvania authorities also, but with the small number of outbreaks reported it would certainly be advisable to slaughter all diseased and exposed animals and thus rid the State of the plague at once.

Virginia is the only remaining State infected with pleuro-pneumonia where the authorities have not accepted the rules and regulations. The attention of the governor has been called to the desirability of eradicating the disease from the State, but up to the present time he has taken no action.

No

The governors of Delaware and Maryland have accepted the rules and regulations as issued, without modification of any kind. cases of pleuro-pneumonia have been reported from Delaware since such acceptance.

Co-operation with authorities of the State of Maryland has been more satisfactory than with those of any other State. The local laws are good, and the work has been very largely in the hands of the Inspectors of this Department. The number of infected herds reported from this State is 196, containing 2,277 animals, of which 705 were diseased. Dr. Wray, the Inspector who has been in charge of the work in Maryland since September 20, reported under date of December 7 that since the former date 122 herds, containing 1,354 animals, had been put in quarantine, and that 92 herds, containing 1,089 animals, were still held under such restrictions. Since July 1 this Department has purchased and slaughtered in Maryland 308