The preceding exercise is presented merely to show the mode in which, in conformity with the suggestions just made, the student's compositions may be corrected. The exercise is one of a class of very young students By this example, the teacher will become acquainted with a set of arbitrary marks for the correction of errors, which may easily be explained to a class, and when understood will save the teacher much writing.

Thus, when a word is misspelt or incorrectly written, it will be suffi cient to draw a horizontal line under it, as in the following exercise. If a capital is incorrectly used, or is wanted instead of a small letter, a short perpendicular mark is used. When entire words or expressions are to be altered, they are surrounded with black lines, and the correct expression is written on the blank page on the left. When merely the order of the words is to be altered, figures are written over the words designating the order in which they are to be read.

Transposition.

Synonymes, collected, applied, defined, distinguished, and illustrated. Variety of expression, phrases generalized, particularized, translated from Latin to Saxon derivatives, and the reverse, expanded, compressed. Figures of speech analyzed.

Students of higher g de may also be exercised in the Logical Analysis of the same subject, n ticing the subject with its scope, topics, method and lastly in a Critical Analysis, relating to the choice of words.

Structure of the sentences.

Style. Eloquence. Ideas.

Of these he will give the general charac ter, with a particular analysis.

Errors.

Beauties.

friend in

1

It was a beautiful evening, in the month of August, when
I alighted from my carraige, at the house of my
the picturesque village of M. The broad and beautiful
bay lay stretched out with its calm and glossy bosom to the
west, while around me, in the distance might be seen little
cottages trees, and hills, forming a most beautiful scenery.
The setting Sun threw his golden beams upon the water,
which did not look now like the grave of human beings.

2

1

1

Tempted by the beauty of the evening, I took a walk along
the beach with my friend. During the conversation, he
remarked, if you please I will relate the account of a
shipwreck which happened here a short time ago. It was on
a night when the tempests seemed to be at war with
other, when one of the vessels belonging to this port
might be
seen approaching the coast, making signals of
distress. Soon notwithstanding the severity of the weather
a considerable number were gathered on the beach, for there
were many expecting friends, and

Λ

the fears they felt

for their safety together with their pity for the sufferers,
induced them to use every exertion for the safety of those
on board..

The night was such, that it would have been almost in-
stant death to have venture upon the waters in an

mingled

ship could long survive such a tempest, and we were soon convinced that the vessel before us

Despairing of saving more, the hardy fishermen reached the shore nearly exhausted with fatigue.

open boat, and we could render no assistance to them..

The shrieks of the unhappy persons, mixed with the roar of the wind and the driving of the rain, seemed more like a frightful dream than the dreadful reality.

vessel could stand such a tempest long, and it

was fast going to pieces.
a little, four hardy fisher-
determined to do their best

it endangered their own
shore to render assistance to

But no
was soon evident to us that she
At length, as the storm abated
men got out their little boat,
to save the sufferers, even if
lives, while we stood on the
any who might be saved. After rowing for some time, and
making but slow progress, they finally reached the ship, but
only to find it fast filling with water, One man was floating
near, on a small piece of board, with a little girl lashed to
him. These they placed in the boat, although but little
hope could be entertained of their recovery. They at last
arrived at the shore, despairing of saving any more, and
almost worn out with fatigue. While some attended to
the brave fishermen, I and some others carried the per-
sons who had been saved to the nearest house. The man
was indeed dead, but the little girl recovered, and is
now staying with one of those who were the means of
saving her life, until her friends can be found.

LXXXII.

MARKS USED BY PRINTERS IN THE CORRECTION OF

PROOF-SHEETS.

Many mistakes in printing may be avoided, when the printer and the writer clearly understand one another. It is thought it will be useful to present in this volume a view of the manner in which proof-sheets are corrected.

On the opposite page is a specimen of a proof-sheet, with the corrections upon it. A little attention will readily enable the student to understand the object of the various marks which it contains, particularly if taken in connexion with the explanation here given.

An inverted letter is indicated by the character and in the mode repre

sented in No. 2.

When a wrong letter is discovered, a line is drawn through it and the proper letter written in the margin, as in No. 1. The correction is made in the same manner when it is desired to substitute one word for another.

If a letter or word is found to be omitted, a caret (^) is put under its place, and the letter or word to be supplied is written in the margin ; as in Nos. 8 and 19.

If there be an omission of several words, or if it is desired to insert a new clause or sentence, which is too long to admit of being written in the side margin, it is customary to indicate by a caret the place of the omis sion, or for the insertion of the new matter, and to write on the bottom nargin the sentence to be supplied, connecting it with the caret by a line drawn from the one to the other; as in No. 15.

If a superfluous word or letter is detected, it is marked out by drawing a stroke through it, and a character which stands for the Latin word dele (expunge) is written against it in the margin; as in No. 4.

The transposition of words or letters is indicated as in the three examples marked No. 12.

If two words are improperly joined together, or there is not sufficient space between them, a caret is to be interposed, and a character denoting separation to be marked in the margin opposite; as in No. 6.

If the parts of a word are improperly separated, they are to be linked together by two marks, resembling parentheses placed horizontally, one above and the other beneath the word, as in the manner indicated in No. 20.

Where the spaces between words are too large, this is to be indicated in a similar manner, excepting that instead of two marks, as in the case of a word improperly separated, only one is employed; as in No. 9.

Where it is desired to make a new paragraph, the appropriate character (T) is placed at the beginning of the sentence, and also noted in the mar gin opposite; as in No. 10.

Where a passage has been improperly broken into two paragraphs, the parts are to be hooked together, and the words "no break" written oppo. site in the margin; as in No. 18.

If a word or clause has been marked out or altered, and it is afterwards

29

THOUGH a veriety of opinions exists as to the individual by wчom the art of printing was first discovered; yet all authorities concur in admitting Peter Schoeffer to be the person 3 Caps,

who invented cast metal types, having learned 48 the art of of cutting the letters from the Gut

5

9

tembergs, he is also supposed to have been

the first whoengraved on copper plates. The 7/1

Δ

following testimony is preseved in the family, 8

-3

by Jo. Fred. Faustus of Ascheffenburg: 10 ¶¶"Peter Schoeffer of Gernshiem, perceivingŠCaps

11

his master Fausts design, and being himself 12 tr. [desirous ardently) to improve the art, found

21

out (by the good providence of God) the

method of cutting incidendi) the characters 13 stet/

in a matrix, that the letters might

/singly cast; instead of bieng cut.

14 vately cut matrices for the whole

Faust was

easily be He pri- 12 ei/ alphabet:

so pleased with the contrivance

that he promised Peter to give him his only

daughter Christina in marriage, a promise
which he soon after performed.)

But there were many difficulties at first

A

.

no

17wf.

3 Ital

18

break

Ital

with these letters, as there had been before 3 Rom
with wooden ones, the metal being too soft 3
to support the force of the impression: but 20
this defect was soon remedied, by mixing

3

2

1

a substance with the metal which sufficiently

O hardened it,"

~and when he showed his marter the letters cast from
these matrices,