...Article 7 of the Charter expressly declares : "The official position of defendants, whether as heads of State, or responsible officials in government departments,...as freeing them from responsibility, or mitigating punislunent." On the other hand the very essence of the Charter is that individuals have international...

...persons in execution of such plan. ARTICLE 7. The official position of defendants, whether as Heads of State or responsible officials in Government Departments,...pursuant to order of his Government or of a superior shalTnortree him"frOTn~Tespon5Tbihty, but may be cons1dered 1n m1tigation of punishment if the Tribunal...

...Charter of the IMT, which reads, and I quote: "The official position of defendants, whether as Heads of State or responsible officials in Government Departments,...them from responsibility or mitigating punishment." Now, it follows from the nature of a modern state that it sets up a large and efficient administrative...

...of the Charter expressly declares: ' The official position of defendants, whether as heads of States or responsible officials in Government departments,...them from responsibility, or mitigating punishment.' " On the other hand, the very essence of the Charter is that individuals have international duties...

...of Accused. Neither the official position, at any time, of an accused, nor the fact that an accused acted pursuant to order of his government or of a superior shall, of itself, be sufficient to free such accused from responsibility for any crime with which he is charged,...

...persons in execution of such plan. Art. 7: The official position of defendants, whether as Heads of State or responsible officials in Government Departments,...them from responsibility or mitigating punishment. Art. 8: The fact that the defendant acted pursuant to order of his Government or of a superior shall...

...dismisses this doctrine quite peremptorily. "The official position of defendants, whether as Heads of State or responsible officials in Government departments,...as freeing them from responsibility or mitigating punishment."5 It is difficult, I think, for us to get very excited about the elimination of this defense—...

...Tribunal laid down that The official position of defendants, whether as Heads of State or repsonsible officials in Government Departments, shall not be...them from responsibility or mitigating punishment. That fact that the Defendant acted pursuant to order of his Government or of a superior shall not free...

...follows: The official position of defendants, whether as Heads of State or responsible officials in the Government Departments, shall not be considered as...them from responsibility or mitigating punishment. The fact that martial law was in effect during the time is not disputed. Military courts had jurisdiction...

...follows: The official position of defendants, whether as Heads of State or responsible officials in the Government Departments, shall not be considered as...them from responsibility or mitigating punishment. The fact that martial law was in effect during the time is not disputed. Military courts had jurisdiction...