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Alexander, Herbert, director, Citizens Research Foundation..
Bandstra, Hon. Bert, a U.S. Representative in Congress from the
Fourth Congressional District of the State of Florida.

Banzhaf, John F., III, attorney at law, New York, N. Y.

561

127

Bayh, Hon. Birch E., a U.S. Senator from the State of Indiana, chair-
man of the Subcommittee on Constitutional Amendments_ _ _

Birkett, Eastman, chairman, Committee on Federal Legislation of the

Association of the Bar of the City of New York.

Bottler, Edgar O., attorney at law, Greenwich, Conn-

18, 245

191

Bullen, George S., legislative director, National Federation of Inde-
pendent Business_

286

David, Paul, professor of government and foreign affairs, University
of Virginia...

474

Statements of witnesses before the subcommittee Continued

Kallenbach, Joseph, professor, political science department, University of Michigan...

Page

382

Katzenbach, Hon. Nicholas DeB., Attorney General of the United
States...

151

Kennedy, Hon. Edward M., a U.S. Senator from the State of Massachusetts.

173

Kennedy, Hon. Robert F., a U.S. Senator from the State of New
York.

179

322

Kirby, James C., Jr., professor of law, Northwestern University,
Chicago

Kofmehl, Kenneth, professor of political science, Purdue University-
LeBlanc, Dr. Hugh L., professor of political science, George Washing-
ton University.

Long, Hon. Edward V., a U.S. Senator from the State of Missouri..
Mansfield, Hon. Mike, a U.S. Senator from the State of Montana....
Marden, Orison S., president, American Bar Association..

Miner, Miss Ruth, associate professor, Wisconsin State University,
Whitewater__

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622

667

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314

602

Mitchell, Clarence, secretary, National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.

427

Morton, Hon. Thruston B., a U.S. Senator from the State of Kentucky..

96, 613

Mundt, Hon. Karl E., a U.S. Senator from the State of South
Dakota

48, 671

361

Pearson, Hon. James B., a U.S. Senator from the State of Kansas..
Peirce, Neal R., political editor, The Congressional Quarterly
Piccard, Dr. Paul J., professor, department of government, Florida
State University.

Rankin, Dr. Robert S., political science department, Duke University.
Rousch, Hon. J. Edward, a Representative in Congress from the
Fifth Congressional District of the State of Indiana..
Saltonstall, Hon. Leverett, a U.S. Senator from the State of Massa-
chusetts.

Scammon, Richard M., Elections Research Center, Washington, D.C.
Schlossberg, Stephen I., general counsel, United Auto Workers Union
Scott, Donald H., manager of civic affairs, American Cyanamid Co.
(on behalf of the U.S. Chamber of Commerce).

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639

364

117

579

677

188, 355 111

Scott, Hon. Hugh D., a U.S. Senator from the State of Pennsylvania__
Smathers, Hon. George A., a U.S. Senator from the State of Florida__
Smith, Hon. Margaret Chase, a U.S. Senator from the State of Maine
Sparkman, Hon. John, A U.S. Senator from the State of Alabama___
Stokes, Dr. Donald E., department of political science, University of
Michigan.

Storey, Dean Robert G., of Dallas, Tex., chairman of the American
Bar Association Commission on Electoral College Reform_
Thurmond, Hon. Strom, a U.S. Senator from the State of South
Carolina...

Williams, J. Harvie, secretary, American Good Government Society.
Wilmerding, Lucius, Jr., a representative on behalf of the Chamber
of Commerce of the United States.

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Barton, Hon. John J., mayor of the city of Indianapolis, Ind...
Bennett, Hon. Charles E., a U.S. Representative in Congress from the
Third Congressional District of the State of Florida...
Bible, Hon. Alan, a U.S. Senator from the State of Nevada.
Bickel, Dr. Alexander, professor of law, Yale University..
Branigin, Hon. Roger D., Governor of the State of Indiana_

687

467

466

543

686

Brown, Hon. Edmund G., former Governor of the State of California_
Brown, Leonard S., member, District of Columbia Young Democratic
Clubs and District of Columbia Political Science Association...
Burdick, Hon. Quentin N., a U.S. Senator from the State of North
Dakota.

687

687

688

Busch, Mrs. Ernestine G., El Paso, Tex

689

Case, Hon. Clifford, a U.S. Senator from the State of New JerseyCoit, Dr. Margaret L., associate professor of history, Fairleigh Dickinson University

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691

Statements for the record—Continued

Ervin, Hon. Sam J., Jr., a U.S. Senator from the State of North Carolina__

Hoff, Hon. Philip H., Governor of the State of Vermont

Hruska, Hon. Roman L., a U.S. Senator from the State of Nebraska..
Jackson, Robert C., executive vice president, American Textile Manu-
facturers Institute, Inc.

Johnson, Donald Bruce, professor of political science, University of
Iowa...

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26, 456

691

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693

Johnson, Norman W., associate professor of mathematics, Wheaton
College, Norton, Mass.

693

Keeffe, Arthur John, chairman, Constitutional Law Committee, Federal Bar Association...

698

Kenrick, Mari, South Yarmouth, Mass

McBride, Edward J., assistant professor of political science, Saint
Francis College, Loretto, Pa....

McGee, Hon. Gale, a U.S. Senator from the State of Wyoming-
McKeldin, Hon. Theodore R., mayor of the city of Baltimore, Md..
Monticello Business and Professional Women's Club, Monticello, Ind.
Montoya, Hon. Joseph, a U.S. Senator from the State of New Mexico.
Natapoff, Dr. Alan, Cambridge, Mass.
National Association of Manufacturers.

Pearce, Mrs. E. D., president, General Federation of Women's Clubs.
Shipley, Carl L., chairman, District of Columbia Republican Com-
mittee..

Smith, Stephen E., attorney at law, New York, N.Y.
Stennis, Hon. John, a U.S. Senator from the State of Mississippi.
Taylor, Tyre, general counsel, Southern States Industrial Council.
Wallace, Hon. Lurleen B., Governor of the State of Alabama.
Yorty, Hon. Sam, mayor of the city of Los Angeles, Calif.
Appendix:

State of Delaware v. State of New Yor), et al.

Electing the President: A Report of the Commission on
Electoral College Reform of the American Bar Association
"Election Contests and the Electoral Vote," L. Kinvin
Wroth, Dickinson Law Review, June 1961_.

Katzenbach, Attorney General, et al. v. Morgan, eytux.

"One Man, 3.312 Votes: A Mathematical Analysis of the
Electoral College," John F. Banzhaf III, Villanova Law
Review, volume 13, winter 1968-

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ELECTION OF THE PRESIDENT

MONDAY, FEBRUARY 28, 1966

U.S. SENATE,

SUBCOMMITTEE ON CONSTITUTIONAL AMENDMENTS
OF THE COMMITTEE ON THE JUDICIARY,

Washington, D.C.

The subcommittee met, pursuant to recess, at 10:10 a.m., in room G-308, New Senate Office Building, Senator Bayh presiding. Present: Senators Bayh, Hruska, and Tydings.

Senator BAYH. The subcommittee will please come to order.

Before proceeding with the remarks of the subcommittee, I think it would be appropriate to start this first subcommittee meeting of the new year with a restatement of one or two of the ground rules under which we have tried to operate.

Because of the importance of the matter before us, we have received inquiries from many organizations and individuals interested in having their views expressed. While we should like to allow everyone who wishes to express his views to do so before this subcommittee, past experience has indicated that this is not always possible. Therefore, if it develops that it is impossible to hear everyone requesting an appearance before this subcommittee, we shall permit the submission of written statements for the record.

If there is no objection from my colleague from Nebraska, we will pursue this policy.

Senator HRUSKA. It is prefectly agreeable, Mr. Chairman.

Senator BAYH. I would like to recognize the presence of my distinguished colleage from Nebraska and thank him once again for the great cooperation that he has given our subcommittee by his attendance and able examination of the witnesses. Before proceeding further, I think it would be wise to ask that the record of the hearings include a text of the resolutions which are before us, Resolutions 4, 7, 11, 12, 28, 58, Revised 58, 62, 138, and 139.

(The material referred to follows:)

[S.J. Res. 4, 89th Cong., first sess.]

JOINT RESOLUTION Proposing an amendment to the Constitution of the United States providing for nomination of candidates for President and Vice President, and for election of such candidates by popular vote

Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled (two-thirds of each House concurring therein), That the following article is proposed as an amendment to the Constitution of the United States, which shall be valid for all intents and purposes as part of the Constitution when ratified by the legislatures of three-fourths of the several States:

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