Dr. HYDE. I think that attendance at the annual World Health Assembly with a delegation of perhaps 10-3 delegates, 5 advisers and alternates, and secretarial and administrative assistants-would cost something in the nature of $12,000. Since the Assembly may meet in New York one year and in Shanghai the next, the cost would vary tremendously. Twelve thousand dollars can serve as an average figure. Participation in meetings of the Executive Board-two meetings a year with a delegation of three persons-would cost approximately $6,000. The necessary small staff in Washington would cost approximately $30,000 a year. If it became necessary to have an office at the headquarters of the organization, if it were in Europe or elsewhere, it would require an additional $35,000. That adds up to $83,000, I believe, and is as specific an estimate as can be made at the present time. Mr. JACKSON. Madam Chairman, touching on that point, what were the purposes again for the sum you have named, Dr. Hyde? Dr. HYDE. This is not included in the budget of the World Health Organization. It is the estimated cost of our participation in addition to our annual contribution to the organization. Mr. JUDD. Do I understand that all countries that send delegates to the meeting will pay the travel and subsistence expenses of their own delegates? Dr. HYDE. That has not been established. The Interim Commission policy at the moment is that the World Health Organization would pay for one representative from each country. I believe that is their present thinking. The rest of the delegation would have to be financed by the individual member governments. Mr. JUDD. That is, who would pay for the subsistence and travel expenses allowed in attending a conference for one delegate from the United States, too? Dr. HYDE. Yes. Mr. JUDD. And the figures you give are for the additional members of the delegation that we probably would feel we ought to send? Dr. HYDE. Yes. Mr. JACKSON. You mentioned offices. Here is "Personnel headquarters, $550,000; other offices, $620,000." Mr. SANDIFER. That is the budget of the World Health Organization you are looking at. Mr. JACKSON. That is right. Mr. SANDIFER. What Dr. Hyde is talking about are the expenses of the American representation at meetings of the World Health Assembly and meetings of the Executive Board of the World Health Organization. You are looking at the budget of the World Health Organization. In all of our participations in these various organizations we have two types of expenses; one, our contribution to the budget of the organization; and the other is the expense involved in sending our representatives to these meetings. What Dr. Hyde mentioned here was that in the case of the Execu tive Board the Organization may pay the expenses of one representative to the meeting of the Executive Board. Otherwise, each partici pating member pays the travel expenses and maintenance expenses of its delegates to the annual meeting of the World Health Organization. Dr. HYDE. There was confusion between the World Health Assembly and the Executive Board in my statement. Mr. JACKSON. Our participation may go as high as $100,000 a year, for our delegates, except for the one provided for by the World Health Organization? Dr. HYDE. That includes the work that must be done throughout the year by virtue of our membership in the Organization. There will be constant contacts, between this Government and the Organization which will require continuing work in Washington. There will be special studies to be made, committee work, surveys and the need for developing sound policies. Whether this work is done by a representative working full time, by an alternate, or by the State Department or the Public Health Service, it will require additional staff to carry it out on a day-in and day-out basis, of the United States is to play its proper role in the World Health Organization. Mr. JACKSON. How large a staff do you contemplate would be needed in that respect? Dr. HYDE. I would contemplate two officers and a secretary. One of those officers would be a medical officer, the other administrative. Mrs. BOLTON. I may be very dull, but I do not see why that is not all contained in the budget for our expenditures in going into the World Health Organization. Dr. HYDE. The bill provides for a contribution and, separately, for the expenses incident to our participation. Mrs. BOLTON. Our contribution is like that to the Organization? Dr. HYDE. Yes. Mrs. BOLTON. What you are giving us now is the American expenditures incident to that? Dr. HYDE. Yes; incident to our participation in the activities of the Organization. Mrs. BOLTON. That means we have to keep our own people busy all the time, over the affairs of the World Health Organization. Dr. HYDE. Yes, carrying out work this Government must do to make the World Health Organization work. Mrs. BOLTON. Now take the other governments: They will each have the same expenditures, or will they take it from the pot? Dr. HYDE. No, they won't take it from the pot. They will each have the same expenditures. Mr. JUDD. The Organization spends our contribution to it and we spend this fund you are speaking of now, the $83,000, in supporting our own delegation and enabling it to carry out whatever the decisions are with respect to America's own participation and activities. Ours, it seems to me should in some respects, be less than others because we do not have field work to do in our own country, such as China, Brazil, and other countries where epidemics are prevalent, have, field work that I hope their own national health administrations, not WHO, will carry on. Of course in America that expense is carried in your Public Health Service budget, or somewhere else. Dr. HYDE. That is quite a separate thing, I think. The World Health Organization will have to have information. The Interim Commission is now looking into the world insulin position since it appears that the demand is outgrowing the supply. They are asking every government for information concerning it. That means that a certain amount of work must be done here to find the potentialities in this country over a period of years. If the World Health Organization is going to do an effective job it will have to ask its member governments for information of that sort. This type of thing puts work on us that we would not need to do nationally, but which has great international significance. Mr. SANDIFER. Madam Chairman, I think this point should be made clear, that this is the same sort of a system of the payment of expenses as you would expect from our participation in all these organizations. I think you also might want to have clear that this would not be a separate appropriation for the payment of the expenses of our delegates. That is a regular annual appropriation to the State Department for international activities and conferences and that would be a part of that item in the budget of the State Department. We were just making it clearer here, in response to the question of what the approximate amount would be, in that item in the State Department budget. Mrs. BOLTON. Of course, that should appear in our study of this bill, and then when the State Department budget comes in, we should check that each time. I am glad you brought that out, Mr. Jackson. It is quite important. Have you anything further, Mr. Jackson? Mr. JACKSON. No, I have nothing further. Mrs. BOLTON. We have covered some of question 6, as we have it here: "How do the fellowship programs of the following organizations relate to each other?" Dr. HYDE. I should like to insert a statement on this. Mr. JUDD. Does Pan-American Institute mean the Inter-American Institute? Mrs. BOLTON. The Pan-American Institute is different. explain that? Dr. HYDE. We have assumed that. Dr. PARREN. It is the Institute of Inter-American Affairs. Dr. HYDE. Yes. (The information referred to is as follows:) Can you STATEMENT IN REGARD TO FELLOWSHIPS AUGMENTING DR. HYDE'S STATEMENT The Department of State supports two types of programs involving the exchange of persons between nations, namely (1) national programs designed to promote mutual understanding between peoples of the United States and of other countries and to correct misunderstanding about the United States in other countries, and (2) programs of international organizations designed to further the objectives of such organizations, one of which is to encourage, facilitate, and promote the exchanges undertaken by the member nations. The United States profits from both types of programs and the Department of State coordinates international programs with its own national programs and continuously observes and supervises the operation of both types with a view to eliminating unnecessary duplication and overlapping The importance to the United States of exchange of persons with other nations, on a bilateral basis, has been emphasized by the Department of State in connec tion with other legislation. Students and other persons brought to this country for training become "unofficial ambassadors" to their various countries, contributing toward a lasting friendship between the United States and those countries. Similar programs of international organizations, such as UNESCO and WHO, are also of real importance to the United States. WHO, which is at present under discussion, is expected to conduct an exchange-of-persons program in technical fields aimed at the strengthening of national health services in all and any parts of the world where lack of properly trained persons allows the continued existence of disease conditions which are a threat to the United States and other countries. Where, for instance, cholera smolders, endangering the world, because of lack of properly trained experts, the WHO will provide for the training of such experts in countries that have successfully met the cholera danger. WHO will need to take into account only technical considerations in its effort to improve health conditions wherever they create an international nuisance and danger. The WHO, in doing an effective job in its field, strengthens the United Nations with which it is intimately associated and in the success of which the United States is deeply concerned. The WHO must include a fellowship program in order to do an effective job. The present programs of the United States Government involving the expenditure of Government funds for exchange of persons are limited to the other American Republics, except so far as special programs are, or may be designed to meet our special interests in Greece and the Philippines. Thus the Institute of InterAmerican Affairs operates, under the Department of State, programs in certain of the Latin-American countries conjointly with the health administration of those countries. Its fellowships are granted for the purpose of strengthening those programs so that they may be carried forward by the foreign country with its own personnel. Its objective is to promote friendship for the United States. The program of the Interdepartmental Committee on Scientific and Cultural Cooperation with other American Republics is likewise limited in geographic scope and designed to promote friendship for the United States. The Mundt bill (H. R. 3342) would extend the application of this principle to countries other than the American Republics. Both types of programs, national and international, would be coordinated in the United States by the Department of State. In the field of health, this is accomplished in conjunction with the United States Public Health Service. The Public Health Service is represented on the Interdepartmental Committee on Scientific and Cultural Cooperation which is the coordinating mechanism of the Department of State in this field. The WHO fellowships will be conducted, so far as the United States is concerned, by the Public Health Service under policies adopted by the Department of State. The Executive Board of UNESCO and the Interim Commission of WHO have already arrived at basic decisions and at an interim mechanism for the coordination of their programs, as has previously been explained. Any further international programs will be similarly coordinated, with the United Nations as the common meeting ground for such coordination. The national and international programs of exchange of persons meet, through a similar mechanism, basically different objectives of importance to the United States. They supplement one another and are, when totaled together, inadequate to approach the need for training in the various technical fields throughout the world. In the field of health, the training requirements of nations which present, in this air age, a real danger to the United States will not be met in many years. Dr. HYDE. There is another question: What are the terms of service for the personnel in the United Nations with which those of the World Health Organization are to conform? I would like to point out that article 36 of the constitution of the WHO provides that "conditions of service of the staff of the Organization shall conform as far as possible with other United Nations organizations." It does not say those of the United Nations. The point of that article is that the World Health Organization should not go off completely on its own, but attempt to participate in the development of a standard international system of terms of 63685-47 service, salary schemes, and personnel schemes. It is doing that at the present time. The present Interim Commission is definitely bound to follow the provisional staff regulations of the United Nations, and concurrently, it is surveying all the specialized agencies to see what they do about salaries, allowances, and so forth. Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Mundt asked a question the other day which he is not able to ask himself this morning: Would it mean the paying of 40 percent of the cost of sending French medical students, for example, to Vienna ? Dr. HYDE. I imagine it would. Mr. JUDD. The other countries would also pay 60 percent of sending an American student to the London Institute of Tropical Medicine, would they not? Dr. HYDE. Yes. Mr. JUDD. On that question you were talking about of salary schedules and allowances, and so forth, do you know off-hand about what salaries the UNESCO, for example, plans to pay its scientific experts who would be comparable to medical experts under this? Dr. HYDE. I could not answer that. Mr. JUDD. Well, do you know whether it would be something like $8,000, or $15,000, or $40,000? Dr. HYDE. They are expert members of the staff. Mr. JUDD. They are technical experts. Mr. HYDE. I think it is between $6,000 and $8,000 for a technical expert. Mr. JUDD. The WHO salaries will be consistent. That is all I want to know. Mrs. BOLTON. In our list of questions, I am aware some of them are best left to Dr. Sandifer when he takes the chair. Question No. 9: What state of development are the terms of service of the personnel within the United Nations? Dr. HYDE. They have provisional terms of service, which constitute a thick volume. I have a summary of the principles underlying the terms of service, the basic personnel policy, which I might read: The basic personnel policies of the Secretariat of the United Nations were laid down by article 101 of the Charter which states that: The paramount consideration in the employment of the staff and in the determination of the conditions of service shall be the necessity of securing the highest standards of efficiency, competence, and integrity. Due regard shall be paid to the importance of recruiting the staff on as wide a geographical basis as possible. In implementing these basic principles, the Secretariat has acted in accordance with resolutions of the General Assembly. A list of the most important personnel policies follows: 1. Appointments on a competitive basis, due regard being given to geographical distribution as far as practicable. 2. High standards of remuneration, taking account of the special factors affecting service in an international secretariat. 3. Appointments to higher positions from within the Secretariat as far as possible. 4. Equal pay for equal work. 5. Children's allowances and grants for persons who wish to send their children back to their home countries for education purposes. 6. Equal opportunities for men and women. 7. Probationary periods for persons appointed to permanent posts. 8. In-service training. |