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INDEX TO VOL. I.

Arnold, Matthew, Contemporary Por-
traits, 14.

Baby Playing with a Bone, To a, 312.
Bagwell, R., 207.

Beati Possidentes," 651.
Blackmore, R. D., M.A., 47.
Blind, Karl, 392, 520, 652.
Burke, U. R., 93, 206.

Collins, Mabel, 80, 184, 298, 420, 555,
680.

Comedy of Creation, The, 313.
Conder, Francis Roubiliac, C.E., 64,
345, 468, 513.
Contemporary Portraits :-

Matthew Arnold, 14.

Sir John Lubbock, Bart., M.P.,
156.

Professor Owen, 290.

The Earl of Rosebery, 434.
The Right Hon. W. H. Smith,
M.P., 548.

Charles Reade, D.C.L., 673.
Cook, Keningale, LL.D., 33.
Cook, L. S., 732.

Coquette's Troubadour, 230.
Current Literature :—
Ambition's Dream, 762.

Armstrong, E. J., Life and Letters, Essays

and Sketches, Poetical Works of, 124.
Arnold, H. and C. Village Lyrics, 126.
Attwell, Henry. Pensées of Joubert, 380.
Barclay, Joseph. The Talmud, 636.
Baughan, R. Character indicated by
Handwriting, 383.

Bell, Thomas. White's Selborne, 377.
Blavatsky, H. P. Isis Unveiled, 758.
Bonwick, James. Pyramid Facts and Fan-
cies, 116.

Bowen, C. H. Faust, 759.

Brooke, Stopford A. The Fight of Faith,
118.

Short View of Primo-

Cooper, C. J.
geniture, 756.
Cox, E. W. Sleep and Dream, 638.

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and Sepher Yezirah, 635.

Lewis, E. A. Sappho, 126.

Lunn, W. A. B. The Sequential Sys-
tem of Musical Notation, 256.

Malet, H. P. Incidents in the Biography
of Dust, 512.

McClymont, J. R. Songs and Popular
Chants, 761.

Moltke's Letters from Russia, 512.

Monteiro, Mariana.

Gathered Gems

from Spanish Authors, 761.

Moore, George. Flowers of Passion, 126.
Mulhall's Handbook of Brazil, 763.
Novello, Sabilla. The History of Blue-
beard's Wives, 384.

Pennell, H. C. Pegasus Re-saddled, 126.
Rule, W. H. Oriental Records, 379.
Sinclair, Thomas. The Mount, 125.
Sonthall, J. C. The Epoch of the Mam-
moth, 378.

Taylor, Meadors. A Noble Queen, 383.
The Organon, 758.

Watson, S. J. The Legend of the Roses,

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Nangis, M. le Marquis de, 1, 129,
257.

Notes and Reminiscences, 537, 698.

Old Age, What is? 728.

Old Contributor, An, 318, 478.
Other Half, The, 278, 404, 597.
Owen, Professor, Contemporary Por-
traits, 290.

Pale-faces, The, of Mount Gambara-
gara, 344.

Papacy, The, The Caliphate, and
Politics, 257.

Pictures, Among the, 732.
Picturesque Transformation, A, 49.

Reade, Charles, D. C. L., Contemporary
Portraits, 673.

Reade, Compton, 197.

Religious Imagination in the East,
On the, 345, 468.

River's Romance, The, 296.
Robertson, E. Stanley, 461.
Rosebery, The Earl of, Contemporary
Portraits, 434.

Rossetti, Christina G., 104.
Rossetti, W. M., 138, 262.
Ruskin, John, 385.

Shaftesbury, The Earl of, and His
Critics, 134.

Shelley's Life and Writings, 138, 262.
Shining Words, The, 419.

Shore, Thomas, 488.

Sisters of Lepe Water, The, 318, 478.
Smith, Right Hon. W. H., M.P.,
Contemporary Portraits, 548.
Spirit of the Universities:-

Oxford, 239, 363, 493, 622, 744.
Cambridge, 243, 366, 496, 625,
747.

Dublin, 245, 368, 500, 628, 749.
Edinburgh, 248, 371, 502, 630.
Glasgow, 251, 374, 504.
Durham, 505, 751.

Statesman of an Old School, A, 47.
Student of the Fifteenth Century, A,
337.

Vjera Sassulitch and Constitutional
Aspirations in Russia, 652.

Waller, J. F., LL.D., 296.

Yet a Little While, 104.

Zimmern, Helen, 337.

THE

UNIVERSITY MAGAZINE

JANUARY, 1878.

*

THE HAND ON PETER'S KEYS.
BY M. LE MARQUIS DE NANGIS.

MR. TROLLOPE's life of Pope Pius the Ninth has one serious blot, which must to some extent communicate its stain to the pages of the reviewer of the work. If it has, from of old, been pronounced unwise to call any man happy while he lived, how wanting in the very essentials of completeness must be any account of the life of a Pope given to the world before the decision of that Conclave which has to pass on the events of the reign the practical judgment of the election of his successor! Pius the Ninth has occupied that seat which (if it can still be called a throne) is the oldest throne in Christendom, for a period without example in duration, as it has also been without example in the eventful character of his reign. He has done more, in the opinion of some of those who, at all events, strive to form an impartial judgment, to destroy not only the visible power, but the invisible prestige, of the Papacy, than a long series of the ablest Pontiffs has done to establish and advance those in

terests. The temporal sword has fallen from his hand. The opportunity which was offered him to grasp the spiritual sword with a hold firmer than that of any Pontiff since Gregory the Great, has been, in the opinion of the same judges, foolishly neglected. The proverbially astute policy of the Vatican, which has ever left a back door open to retreat from an untenable position, was reversed during his pontificate. And the Pope who commenced his reign by something more than coquetting with the dangerous spirit of Italian Liberalism, has been the desperado who nailed to the mast of the stormed-tossed bark of St. Peter the black flag of defiance to the intelligence of mankind.

Only an Italian word can do justice to the pontificate of Pius the Ninth. It is the most complete fiasco in the history of the Papacy. There is no single power, principle, or influence which would have been dear to a great Pope, which has not been diminished, betrayed, or degraded in direct

The Story of the Life of Pius the Ninth, by T. Adolphus Trollope, in two vols. London: Bentley. 1877.

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It is not the private character of the man that has now so much interest for the world. While we question the taste with which Mr. Trollope characterises the main motives of the Pontiff, we think that it is only by the use of a certain English plainness, not to say brutality, of speech that this author has erred-not at all on the side of an undue depreciation of character. There are not a few circumstances which from time to time became familiar to residents in Italy during the pontificate of Pius the Ninth, which throw far darker shades on his portrait than the somewhat vulgar colour freely laid on by the biographer. For the flight from Rome to Gaeta it might be a wise and politic blind. that a lady, as mentioned by Mr. Trollope, should be of the party. But for that same lady to be a resident in the Palace of Portici, which was placed at the disposal of the Pontiff by the King of Naples, during the abode there of his Holiness, and that in the presence of the well-known want of charity as to right motives for such associations that is an essential feature of the South Italian character, is one of those errors which it is difficult, from any point of view, to excuse. The name of

Cardinal Andrea will not readily be forgotten by those who remember the persistent tyranny that forbad him to leave Rome when his physicians declared that his life depended on his removal to a purer air. The constant support and encouragement that every attempt to impede and to trouble the new-born unity of Italy met from Rome, may, perhaps, be passed over as a part of the necessity of the situation. Machiavelli had stated in plain language that if Northern and Southern Italy ever fell under the same temporal sceptre, the power of the Papacy would be at an end. The instinct of self-preservation is as keen in kings, as kings, as it is in private men, as private men. It thus has not unfrequently happened in the course of history that a reigning prince, in other respects a feeble or a stupid man, has taken a far juster view of the necessities of his own position than has been done by the keenest minister of State. We have, within the last few days, seen fresh and graceful proof how much more just and profound was the conception of political events, and of the course which they indicated to be due to the national honour and safety, formed by a Sovereign who was little more than a girl, and by her still youthful husband, than that entertained by the grayest beards that wagged in Parliament, or by the most experienced ministers who held the seals of office. Resistance to Italian unity, on the part of the Pope, may well be regarded as synonymous with resistance to the approaches of an avowed murderer. None the less did the mode in which that resistance was kept up -when it was matter, not of open policy, but of underhand suggestion, burn a deep hatred against the Pope into the hearts

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