DOCUMENT "ELOHIM."

ion; but verse 6, which mentions milk and honey, is Jehovistic. Verse 10-12 are decidedly Elohistic. Verse 11, in that selfsame day, is like Ex. xvi. 35.

DEUTERONOMICAL DOCUMENTS.

rative, according to which Joshua had not yet reached Gerizim.Þ

Chap. ix. 23, 27. Servants for the altar of Jehovah are mentioned, as in Deut. xii. 11, xxix. 11. Compare, also, xii. 5, &c.

Chap. x. 8. The phrase, Fear them not, for I have delivered

Chap. viii. 12, 13, the ambuscade at Ai, is, perhaps, Elohistic, to judge from its contradiction with 3-11. Maurer thinks it anthem into thy hand, is like Num. interpolation, like iv. 9. xxi. 34. Verses 14, 42, the phrase, Jehovah fought for Israel, is like Deut. iii. 22. Verse 21, to sharpen his tongue, is like Ex. xi. 7.

Chap. xi. 21, 22, does not repeat the narrative, as x. 36, sqq., and has probably come from some other source.

Chap. xii. 9-24. Maurer and others consider this passage as the work of some other hand."

a

d

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Chap. xi. 20. To harden the heart, like Ex. ix. 12, and other places.

There are other Jehovistic peculiarities of language, which, for the most part, are often re

peated. Judges; i.
Strong hand; iv. 24.
fore the face; x. 12.

10, iii. 2.

To give be

A posses

sion; i. 15, xii. 6, 7, as in Deut. ii. 5, 9, 12, 19, 20. The brave men ;£ i. 14, iv. 12, as Ex. xiii. 18. Not let remain ; viii. 22, x. 28, 30, 33, 37, 39, 40, xi. 8, 11, as in Num. xxxi. 35, Deut. iii. 20, and elsewhere. To keep to do; i. 7, 8. House of Jehovah; vi. 2, ix. 23. The priests the Levites; iii. 3,

[This also is, perhaps, more safely to be referred to a source different from the Elohistic or Jehovistic.]

See Meyer, on the book of Joshua, in Bertholdt's Journal, p. 353, sqq.; Maurer, in loc.; and König, 1. c. vol. i. p. 29, sq.

DOCUMENT "ELOHIM."

Chap. xiii. 15-32.

Chap. xiv. 1-5. Verse 1, heads of the fathers occurs, as Ex. vi. 14; verse 2 refers to Num. xxvi.

DEUTERONOMICAL DOCUMENTS.

viii. 33. But the sons of Aaron the priests occurs, xxi. 19.

Other Jehovistic peculiarities are, Joshua is the servant of Moses; i. 1. Euphrates is the limit of the land; i. 4. Joshua is the angel of Jehovah; v. 13, 14, vi. 2. The Canaanites and their expulsion; iii. 10, ix. 1,24, xi. 3, xii. 8. An old song; x. 13, 14. Giants; xii. 4, as in Deut. ii. 11. Jehovistic allusions to the Amorites, Sihon, and Og; ii. 10, ix. 10.

In some things it differs from the [former] Jehovistic document, and has peculiarities of its own; for example, Lord of all the earth; iii. 11, 13. Treasure of the house of Jehovah; vi. 19, 24. The descriptions of cowardice, our hearts melted; ii. 11, v. 1, and vii. 5.

Chap. xiii. 1-14. This appears to be Jehovistic, for verse 12 connects with xii. 4, and verse 14, (sacrifices...... and the Levites' inheritance) is like Deut. xviii. 1. Verse 33 is like verse 14. Chap. xiv. 6-15. Verses 7, 8, 14, returned word; entirely followed after, as in Num. xiii. 26,

Here is , tribe, instead of 3, though not in verse 29; according to their families, b, verses 15, 23, 24, 28, 31. Verses 21, 22, the princes of Midian, and Balaam, are mentioned as slain by the Israelites, as in Num. xxxi. 8; but yet verse 16 is like xii. 9, and xiii. 9.

• השיב דבר

מלא אחרי 4

55; verse 4, to Gen. xlviii. and xiv. 24, Deut. i. 36. On account Num. xxxv. 1-10."

, a possession, as in Gen. xxxiv. 23, and Levit. xxii. 11. [See above, § 167, 1, Conquest of Hebron.]

DEUTERONOMICAL DOCUMENTS.

DOCUMENT "ELOHIM."

Num. iii. 4. Chap. xxi. 19, we have the priests the sons of Aaron; verse 25, the half-shekel," as in Ex. xxx. 13, 15, Num. xxxi. 30, 42, 47. Maurer and others find an ancient document in xv. and following.

Verses 44 and 45 are Jehovistic.

Chap. xxii.-xxiv. are both Elohistic and Jehovistic;' xxiv. 1-28, is Jehovistic; verse 1 is like xxiii. 1; verses 5-17 refer to the Jehovistic account of the plagues in Ægypt; verses 6, 7, to the account of the passage of the Red Sea, in Ex. xiv. xv.; verses 9, 10, to the story of Balaam, (Num. xxii. sqq.;) verse 11, to the Canaanites; verse 12, to the hornets, (Ex. xxxiii. 28;) verse 13, cities which they did not build, as in Deut. vi. 10, 11; verse 19, a jealous God, as in Ex. xxiii. 21; verse 25, a statute and ordinance, as in Ex. xxiv. 18, and xv. 25; verses 29--33 are Elohistic; perhaps, also, verse 28, (see 174;) verse 29, a statement of Joshua's age; verse 30, mentioning Timnath-serah, as in xix. 50; verse 32, Jacob's burial-place, refers to Gen. xxiii. 19, and l. 24, 25. According to Maurer, verses 29-31 are derived from Judg. ii. 6—–9. But verse 28 might as well come from the same source, and 31 is probably Jehovistic.

In opposition to the above view, Van Herwerden, following, for the most part, peculiarities of the language, divides the book of Joshua into ten separate documents. But König maintains the unity of the book.

TN, with the future, occurs here, as in viii. 30, x. 12: verse 5, the command to love Jehovah, &c., is like Deut. xi. 22, xxx. 20; but verse 14, the Elohistic Prince, &, and 3, tribes, occur; verses, 9, 19, N, to take possession, as in Gen. xxxiv. 10, xlvii. 27: verse 27, the witness, is like Gen. xxxi. 48. The style is often pretty diffuse. Chap. xxiii. is Jehovistic: verse 1, like xiii. 1, represents Joshua as old. Judges and elders occurs verse 2; 3 and 10, Jehovah fights for them, as in x. 14, 42; a book of the Law, verse 6, as in i. 8; 11, take good heed,, as in Deut. iv. 15; verses 12, 13, like Ex. xxxiv. 16, xxiii. 34 [?], Num. xxxiii. 55, forbid marriage with the Canaanites; verses 13, 15, mention the good land, as Deut. often does; verse 14, like xxi. 45, says all the blessings came to pass. The denunciation, verse 16, is like Deut. xi. 17.

§ 169.

DATE OF THE COMPOSITION OF THE BOOK.

We can by no means suppose the whole book is the work of a contemporary author, as König has recently maintained. The communicative style of speaking, in v. 1, where the author uses the first person,-"Until we had passed over," -proves nothing. The same form occurs, Ps. lxvi. 6, and the Psalmist speaks as if he and his contemporaries had passed through the Red Sea —“There did we rejoice in him." The book nowhere contains separate contemporary documents."

a

According to what has been said above, the passages

[It is sometimes said (e. g. by Rosenmüller) that these accounts of the boundaries of the separate tribes must be old, and must have been written at the time of the division, for they could not be retained in the memory of the people. But after the lines of each tribe were determinately settled, by actual possession, it would not be difficult for a writer, after the times of David or Josiah, to write down the boundaries of each tribe; and it seems most probable that the narrative originated in this manner. The real and the imaginary are not often separated with great care in Oriental histories, and it would not be unnatural for a Hebrew writer, in a later time, to refer the exact division of the land to the mythological hero Joshua, who conducted the nation into the territory, and conquered it for them.

The catalogues in the second part (xiii., sqq.) cannot be contemporary, as it appears from the later names of places, Beeroth, Luz, Dan, &c., and from the phrase until this day. Perhaps the author of the Jehovistic fragments had before him not only popular legends and oral or written traditions, but also fragments of popular songs and ballads, the substance of which he wrote down in historical prose, thus sometimes taking a figure for a fact. In one instance he refers to a written volume of songs or ballads — "Behold, it is written in the book of Jasher." In this way it is possible the accounts of the passage of the Jordan, the destruction of Jericho, the appearance of a divine being, and many others, originated. Sometimes, however, it is evident the original author uses the documents at present contained in the book of Judges; e. g. compare Josh. xvi. 10, with Judg. i. 20; xviii. 12, with i. 27; xix. 47, with xvii.; xxiv. 28-31, with ii. 6—9.] § 158.