the same time the two archbishops of Canterbury and York, and no less than seven other principal prelates on the English bench. So greatly did theological learning flourish here, that when the present translation of the Bible was executed by order of James I., no less than six of the translators were found among the resident fellows of the college. In elegant literature it claimed an equal celebrity, having, in addition to many of the Elizabethan poets, produced those two constellations of wit and learning, John Donne and Abraham Cowley; while it boasts, in the next gen. eration, the still more illustrious name of Dryden. So high was its reputation during the period of which we are speaking, that fellows of the society were chosen to fill the headships of other colleges in the university.

"The civil troubles and the intolerance of the Puritans brought ruin and confusion upon this as well as other societies; all the royalist fellows were expelled, along with Dr. Thomas Conder, the master, one of the most exemplary characters that ever presided over a college. The Restoration did not bring back the prosperity or the spirit that had been banished by the evil times; nor could the society recover the paramount station which it had so long maintained. There were indeed some circumstances peculiarly auspicious to Trinity college. Dr. John Pearson and Dr. Isaac Barrow, two of the brightest characters which grace the period of Charles II., were successively masters. In the meantime, the fabric nearly attained to the state in which it continued till the year 1824; the beautiful quadrangle, half of which had been built in the mastership of Dr. Thomas Neville, the dean of Peterborough, and in a great degree at his own cost, was now completed by the munificence of two restored fellows, Dr. Thomas Sclater, and Dr. Humphrey Babington; and the noble library, an edifice unrivalled for magnificence and convenience, was erected by a subscription of the members, under the auspices of Dr. Barrow. Above all, the presence and example of Sir Isaac Newton might have been expected to sustain the spirit of a college, the scene of all his great discoveries, of which he continued many years a resident fellow. In spite of these advantages, the house was observed to decline in numbers and celebrity in the latter years of the seventeenth century."

We can not here enter into the details of Bentley's connexion with Trinity col lege, nor the extraordinary contests which he maintained with the university and with individuals. He was appointed master in 1700, and died in 1742, at the age of eighty. Very nearly one half of his long term of mastership was spent in struggles which affected his official existence, but which arose, not out of conflicting principles, but tempers.

Emmanuel college and Sidney college were founded in the years 1584 and 1598, which completed the number of colleges, sixteen in all, until 1800, when the seventeenth, Downing college, received its charter. This latter college was founded according to the will of Sir George Downing, who died in 1749; but the appropriation of the estates and the granting of the charter were delayed by litigation. Nearly two sides of a quadrangle of the buildings of Downing college have been erected; but, owing to the want of funds, it is uncertain when the college will be completed. The first college was founded toward the end of the thirteenth century; five during the fourteenth; four in the fifteenth; six in the sixteenth; and, after an interval of more than two hundred years, the last college was founded in the last year of the eighteenth century.

The finest view of a portion of the college and university buildings is to be ob tained in Trumpington street, where, on one side, is Great St. Mary's on the other the senate-house, public library, and King's College chapel. The senate-house, a fine structure, is almost thrown into the shade by its vicinity to the chapel. It is built of Portland stone; its style of architecture is the Corinthian; the interior is one hundred and one feet long, forty-two broad, and thirty-two high. The public business of the university, such as examinations, passing of graces, and admission to degrees, is carried on here, and strangers wishing to observe the ceremonies are admitted into the galleries which are calculated to contain one thousand individuals. Great St. Mary's is the University church, in which, on Sundays and holydays, sermons are preached by graduates appointed in their turn by the vice-chancellor.

The most munificent of modern bequests to the university are those of Sir George Downing and Lord Fitzwilliam. The first, as already mentioned, is the foundation of a college, named after the donor; the second is that of the Fitzwilliam museum. Lord Fitzwilliam died in 1816, and by his will gave his collection of curiosities,

paintings, &c., to the University of Cambridge, together with one hundred thousand pounds, South Sea annuities, the interest of which to be appropriated to the erection of a suitable building for the museum. In the meantime a temporary building was fitted up for its reception. In 1836, ground for a suitable structure for the museum was purchased and cleared; and in the course of the two following years this beautiful edifice (a view of which is given on page 296) was completed.

While mentioning bequests we may perhaps not inappropriately close with a view of the Pepysian Library, the gift of the well-known Samuel Pepys to Magdalene college, of which he was a member.

CHAPTER XIX.

NAVAL STATIONS.

PORTSMOUTH, the principal rendezvous of the British navy, is situated on the west side of the isle of Portsea, in Hampshire. To the west of the island is the bay called Portsmouth harbor, excelling every other on the coast of England for its spaciousness, depth, and security. The obvious utility of this harbor, in such a situation, caused it to be used at an early period as a station for shipping, and hence the rise of the town of Portsmouth on the narrow inlet by which it communicates with the English channel. It is also to be observed, that the strait between the mouth of this harbor and the isle of Wight forms the celebrated roadstead of Spithead, which is capable of containing a thousand sail at anchor in the greatest security. The original or old town of Portsmouth, surrounded by ancient walls; the modern suburban towns of Portsea and Southsea, respectively situated to the north and south of the original town; and the town of Gosport, on the opposite side of the inlet to the harbor, may all be said to form one cluster of population, probably numbering not less than 70,000. The beach opposite Southsea being well adapted to sea-bathing, has caused that suburb or village to become a watering-place of some note.

The docks, arsenal, building-yards, and all the various other establishments concerned in the fitting out and safekeeping of the national shipping, render Portsmouth an object of wonder to all who see it for the first time. The dockyard includes the great area of one hundred acres. The smithery is a vast building, where anchors are wrought weighing from seventy to ninety hundredweight each. On the anchorwharf hundreds of these useful implements are piled up, ready for immediate service. The ropery, where the cordage for the vessels is prepared, is three stories high, fiftyfour feet broad, and one thousand and ninety-four feet long. The gun-wharf is an immense arsenal, consisting of various ranges of buildings for the reception of naval and military stores, artillery, &c. The small armory is capable of containing twenty-five thousand stands of arms.

There is a naval college, where a hundred scholars in time of war, and seventy in time of peace, are taught; thirty, who are the children of officers, being maintained and educated at the public expense. During war, the number of persons employed in the various establishments connected with the public service at Portsmouth has amounted to five thousand. The principal buildings connected with the arsenal and dockyards, are the commissioner's house, the government house, the victualling office. the port-admiral's house, and the naval and military barracks. The promenade along the fortifications forms one of the most agreeable features of the town.

Among objects of curiosity, we may specify the Victory, Nelson's flag-ship at Trafalgar, the Semaphore telegraph, and the house (No. 110 High street) in which the duke of Buckingham was temporarily residing when, in front of it, he was stabbed to death by Lieutenant Felton, in 1628. The church of Portsmouth is a spacious Gothic structure, with a comparatively modern tower, useful as a landmark to seamen. There are various charitable, literary, and scientific institutions connected with the town.

Woolwich, from its importance as the grand military and naval dépôt for England. as well as from its proximity to London, has become one of the most frequented and popular resorts of those who in their rambles in pursuit of amusement, wish to be instructed at the same time. In this town may be seen many of the vast preparations necessary to render effective the precautions by which the peace of England is preserved. Here are manufactured the instruments by which the attacks of an enemy may be repelled or retaliated-here are constructed some of the immense vessels by which the British empire is enabled to exert its influence on distant countries, and here those chivalrous youths are educated, who are destined to direct the operations of arms and ships, when their exertions are called for.

Woolwich is situated about eight miles from London, in a direction east by south,

or about nine miles and a half by water. From the southern portion of the town an extensive and picturesque country is presented to the eye; Shooter's hill, surmounted by Severndroog castle, forming a conspicuous object in the distance, while, nearer, the pretty village of Charlton delights the spectator with its rural beauties. The town is bounded on the north by the Thames, whose waters, bearing ships loaded with the produce of all parts of the world, roll proudly by. The general aspect of the town itself is not very inviting, yet in those parts farthest from the river several neat and pretty houses have lately sprung up, which, with the handsome buildings erected by the government, render the appearance more cheerful than the small and dirty houses nearer the river would lead a visiter to suppose. Strangers, however, occupy themselves chiefly in the inspection of the curiosities of the place, in visiting the arsenal, the dockyard, the rotunda or military museum, &c., while the resident will find many delightful scenes in the vicinity to console him for the dulness of the town itself.

One of the most interesting establishments in Woolwich is the royal military academy, for the education of young gentlemen in all that relates or is in any way necessary to the knowledge of artillery and engineering. These gentlemen cadets number from one hundred and twenty to one hundred and fifty; they are instructed in the ancient and modern languages, mathematics, chymistry, the art of fortification, drawing, fencing, &c. The establishment is under the superintendence of a governor, who is always master-general of the ordnance for the time being; the res ident officers are a lieutenant-governor and inspector, a professor of mathematics, a professor of fortification, masters of drawing, languages, &c. Examinations of the students are held monthly, when reports of the state of progress are laid before the master-general, and according to these reports the students, or cadets, are selected to supply vacant commissions in the respective corps of the royal artillery and engineers.

The building is situated on the southeastern edge of Woolwich common, toward which it presents an elegant façade; and the appearance of the tower with its turrets, from a distance, is extremely picturesque. This academy was established in the royal arsenal as early as 1719, and chartered by warrant of George II. in 1711, but the accommodation at the commencement of the present century being insuffi cient, a new situation was chosen, and the present building erected in 1805. It is a spacious pile, partly in the early English, and partly in the Elizabethan style. A large tower in the centre, surmounted by four castellated turrets with octagonal domes, is the principal feature of the building. This is connected with the wings by a castellated colonnade or arched recess. The main entrance, a simple archway, is approached by a long avenue from the north, whence the wooded heights of Shooter's hill may be perceived rising in the distance, to the left of the building.

The barracks for the royal artillery form the most elegant suite of buildings in Woolwich; they are situated to the north of Woolwich Common, and command an uninterrupted prospect of the country to the south of the town. The principal front, extending above twelve hundred feet, consists of six ranges, connected by four buildings thrown a little behind, and by as many covered ways or colonnades of the Doric order, surmounted with balustrades. The material of the building is a light brick, relieved by Portland stone in the lower portions; this is also employed for the elegant portal in the centre of the building. Two cupolas, one containing a clock, the other à wind-dial, ornament the summit, and break the uniformity of the line. In the eastern wing is a spacious and elegant chapel containing one thousand sittings, in which divine service is regularly performed. The other principal parts of the building are the library and reading-room, for the use of the officers, supplied with the periodicals and daily papers; and the mess-room, sixty feet in length and fifty in width. This latter room is connected with two others, the drawing and ante rooms, which together form a splendid suite of apartments, in which frequent balls and entertainments are given by the officers to their friends.

From the principal entrance an avenue, two hundred and twenty yards in length, terminated by a handsome gateway at the northern portion of the barracks, divides the building into two quadrangles, by the sides of which are the stabling and barracks for the horse artillery; and at the extremity of the east quadrangle is a spacious riding-school. The whole establishment is arranged for the accommodation of from three thousand to four thousand men.

Passing through the barracks and bearing toward the northeast, the gates of the