(The question was read by the reporter as follows:

The extreme security measures for this meeting which you have described were taken, were they not, because this was a Communist meeting?)

Mr. KENDALL. That is a conclusion, but very definitely; I mean, that is the only reason it could have been. If it had been a union meeting, there would have been no other reason. There wouldn't have been any necessity for double guard, and not mentioning the Communist Party if the door is open.

Mr. SCHERER. Merely the matter of notification was evidence of an extreme security measure; your manner of notification of this meeting and your going to the meeting indicated that it was highly secretive?

Mr. KENDALL. That is correct, and that was the first time they had ever called upon me to attend a meeting of such a high echelon caliber-especially a Communist Party meeting, and that is probably why they had me come the way I did.

Mr. JACKSON. May I ask a question, Mr. Chairman?

Mr. VELDE. Mr. Jackson.

Mr. JACKSON. Is it customary among the waterfront unions to have a strike vote before a strike is called, or is this determination generally made by a board or a few men or an individual?

Mr. KENDALL. Very definitely among the more democratic unions on the waterfront section-and I believe the majority of the waterfront agents are probably more democratic than any other unions in the United States-they always have a strike vote.

Mr. JACKSON. Had that strike vote been taken to the best of your knowledge, let us say, in your own group? Had any mention been made of a possible pending strike before the directions were given to go back to your unions and tell them to get ready to strike? Do you know of any

Mr. KENDALL. Remember, I was a member of the Masters, Mates and Pilots. I was not a member of one of the unions that were going on a strike.

Mr. JACKSON. Was a strike vote mentioned, to the best of your recollection, in any of the unions which were represented in this meeting?

Mr. KENDALL. No, I am sure the strike vote wasn't mentioned, because the strike vote is a formality that you always give to your negotiators if nothing more as a bargaining agent.

Mr. JACKSON. It really does not constitute balloting by the membership of the union?

Mr. KENDALL. It does, but after all, your negotiating committee, if they do not have the power to call the men out on strike if they can't reach an agreement, they are handicapped, and the shipowners and so forth, they know that. So for a negotiating committee to go in to a group of shipowners without the power to strike would certainly not be intelligent negotiating at all, and the union would always give power to strike.

Mr. JACKSON. Thank you.

Mr. DOYLE. Mr. Chairman, may I ask a couple of questions at that point? You have said that when Mr. Bridges first began to speak he said-I am quoting you-"we are comrades."

Mr. KENDALL. No, I said, "comrades"-period, sir.

Mr. DOYLE. I stand corrected. Then how did you Communists who were there salute each other? Did you use the term "comrades" as between yourselves?

Mr. KENDALL. Normally anybody that would be speaking on the floor, if he spoke of some other comrade, you would say Comrade Jones or Comrade Smith. That is normal at any party meeting. However, as far as the particular meeting outside of the actual speaker or the chairman involved, I couldn't remember how they addressed each other. It was the normal procedure off the floor to call each other comrade.

Mr. JACKSON. That is not the usual procedure, I assume, in any other activity of the union or any open meeting of any sort? Mr. KENDALL. You mean the term "comrade"?

Mr. JACKSON. The term "comrade."

Mr. KENDALL. That is one of the large questions always. The term "comrade" can be used in many ways.

Mr. JACKSON. Is it used in union meetings?

Mr. KENDALL. Not lately.

Mr. JACKSON. Was it a frequently used term at that time?

Mr. KENDALL. No, no; I don't think at any normal meeting that you would get up and call a man comrade.

Mr. JACKSON. In other words, you call people comrades in Communist Party meetings?

Mr. KENDALL. Period, yes, sir.

Mr. JACKSON. Very well.

Mr. DOYLE. I have a further question. During these 2 days of meetings did any men who were not there the first day come into the meeting the second day? I mean did people go and come during the meetings? Was the number larger or smaller? Did they come in and out of the meeting room freely or what?

Mr. KENDALL. No, no; everybody was there the second day that was there the first day.

Mr. DOYLE. No new persons?

Mr. KENDALL. To the best of my knowledge I can't remember any new persons. Like I say, Mr. Bridges left early on the second day because of illness.

Mr. DOYLE. You mentioned the two guards were at the door when What is the fact with reference to whether or not the you went in. door was closed during the meeting?

Mr. KENDALL. Oh, yes, very definitely.

Mr. DOYLE. Was it locked, or do you know?

Mr. KENDALL. I wouldn't know. I never

Mr. DOYLE. Were the guards that were there when you went indid they come inside the room and guard the room inside so that no one came from outside, or did they stand outside?

Mr. KENDALL. No, they did not stand outside. They were actively part of the meeting. At the meeting they might have been appointed sergeant-at-arms or something like that to take care of the door, but that is all. I mean, they weren't definitely guards-I mean, they wouldn't be just to guard the door is what I am trying to put over. They were actually a part of the meeting, however, they had been asked previously to be security guards, I assume, or afterwards very likely in addition to the chairman we also nominated sergeant-at-arms or some sort of security guards.

Mr. DOYLE. Were you men in attendance introduced to one another by your regular legal names or by assumed names, or were you introduced to one another at all?

Mr. KENDALL. I can only speak for myself as to that. But at no time ever when I was a member of the Communist Party had I ever used an assumed name, never.

Mr. DOYLE. At this meeting where these men from Portland came that you said you did not know, were they introduced to you?

Mr. KENDALL. We were all introduced to each other.

Mr. DOYLE. When you were introduced, were they introduced by the term "comrade" as a prefix?

Mr. KENDALL. It was not the habit in the party meetings to call each other comrade on the floor of the meeting, no, sir.

Mr. DOYLE. All right, thank you.

Mr. TAVENNER. You had described the place of meeting. Will you fix the time?

Mr. KENDALL. In relation to days and so forth?

Mr. TAVENNER. Yes, the day and the month, if you can, and the year.

Mr. KENDALL. At a previous investigation that was held at which I was asked to help, we traced

Mr. TAVENNER. I suggest that you not comment upon what somebody else did. If you can fix the time yourself of your own recollection, do it, and if you can't, say you can't.

Mr. KENDALL. It was in the month of August of 1946, and the meeting lasted 2 days, and it was on a Saturday and a Sunday. Mr. SCHERER. You don't know who paid the rental for the hall, do you?

Mr. KENDALL. No, sir.

Mr. SCHERER. You wouldn't know whether that was paid by check or cash?

Mr. KENDALL. I was pretty low down the line; I didn't handle anything as far as the

Mr. SCHERER. You wouldn't know under what name the hall was rented then?

Mr. KENDALL. No, sir.

Mr. SCHERER. You knew it was rented under some assumed name?
Mr. KENDALL. Yes, sir, that is correct.

Mr. SCHERER. Or assumed organization?
Mr. KENDALL. Yes.

Mr. TAVENNER. May I ask you whether or not at the time you were invited to this meeting you held any official position in your union? Mr. KENDALL. No.

Mr. TAVENNER. So the only purpose under which you could have been invited to this meeting was because of your superior position in the Communist Party; isn't that correct?

Mr. KENDALL. Yes, sir; that is correct.

Mr. TAVENNER. How long was it after that before you got out of the Communist Party?

Mr. KENDALL. At that particular meeting it became clear to me that here were men being told to go back and prepare their unions for a strike, and that we had not tried every means of negotiation. And I began to wonder-I had wondered before because of the famous

Duclos letter, but this was one of the things that made me stop and wonder. I was getting a little older, too, at the time, and then also

Mr. VELDE. What did you wonder, whether or not the order to prepare for a strike was in some way or other handed down by the Communist Party or by the Soviet Union through the Communist Party-if you can tell the committee just how you felt about that particular order.

Mr. KENDALL. For the first time, you see-going to sea I had not been ashore very much, until this time, and all of a sudden the true implication of the international conspiracy, as I saw it then, started to just blossom out. In other words, here we were preparing, instead of trying to work out something on a peaceful settlement with the shipowners-which of course I mean I had no love for it at that particular time anyway, but Chiange Kai-shek was fighting for his life over in China, and we were trying-in other words, all of a sudden it became clear to me that actually the wages and conditions whichthe Communist Party had built themselves up to be supposed to be the working party or class-all of a sudden it seemed secondary, and there was international implications that came above working conditions for these various unions which they had control of.

That is one of the reasons-I mean, later on maybe if I have time I will go into the full reason, but on that particular issue is one of the things that I decided then and there that I was going to get a ship out, along with these resolutions that they had handed me, asking me to go before a group of intelligent men, which I assume they are intelligentMasters, Mates and Pilots-praising the Soviet Union for some deed that they had accomplished. The war was over and everything else; I mean, all of a sudden I just began fitting together, and I was ashore for the first time since the Jacques Duclos letter, and it just didn't strike right to me.

Mr. TAVENNER. As a result did you get out of the Communist Party? Mr. KENDALL. No, sir; not at that time. I told them that I wanted to go to sea again, and I got on a ship-the Claymont Victory, which was an Army transport going to Alaska for Operation Willowaugh, and we were all ready to sail, and I was on this ship-I took a job I believe on there as second mate, navigating officer-we were all ready to sail when the SUP went out on a strike, the Sailors Union of the Pacific, A. F. of L. They were on a strike, and the ship held Army cargo, and we had Army troops aboard, and Mr. Harry Lundeberg, president of that union, had o. k.'d the clearance of that particular ship because it was Government cargo, so everybody got clearance but me, and the Sailors Union of the Pacific would not give me clearance because of the fact that Charlie May, the president of the Masters, Mates and Pilots, had a very strong suspicion that I was putting out this Horizon, this paper that was causing them no end of embarrassment.

So I went over to see Harry Lundeberg, and Harry told me, he says, well, he told me that he had heard that I was putting out this paper, and I swore up and down that I wasn't, of course, so then I went over to see Alex Treskin, and the executive board of the Masters, Mates and Pilots told me that if I came before them, they would like to ask me a few questions; they would give me clearance, and in turn Harry Lundeberg would give me clearance, and in turn I would be

permitted to pass through the picket line to sign on the ship. So I appeared before this portion of the executive board, and Alex Treskin told me to go over there and tell them anything I wanted to, that it didn't make much difference-in other words, lie to them, tell them that I didn't have anything to do with it, because after all, the ultimate goal, I believe, as the terminology always used, the ultimate goal is what we are after, not individual trust at some particular time. I mean, that was always the party line.

Mr. JACKSON. Phrased a little differently, any means to the end. Mr. KENDALL. Correct, sir. So I appeared before this committee, and this is the statement which I signed. It is brief, and I would like to submit it in the record, if I may.

Mr. DOYLE. When is it dated?

Mr. KENDALL. September 4, 1946.

Mr. TAVENNER. I ask it be introduced in evidence and marked "Kendall Exhibit No. 1."

Mr. VELDE. Without objection, it will be so admitted.

(National Organization of Masters, Mates and Pilots of America, executive committee minutes, September 4, 1946, San Francisco, Calif., West Coast Local 90, containing a statement signed by James Kendall, dated September 4, 1946, was received in evidence as Kendall Exhibit No. 1.)

Mr. TAVENNER. I suggest you read it.

Mr. VELDE. The statement is short; will you read it, Mr. Witness? Mr. KENDALL. All right.

Executive committee minutes, September 4, 1946, 11:30 a. m., San Francisco, Calif., International Organization Masters, Mates and Pilots, West Coast Local 90.

Present: Capt. C. F. May, Capt. H. Michelson, Capt. K. Hjorth, Capt. A. W. Lawberg, Capt. J. J. Sawaska, Mr. M. A. Viera

Meeting called to order 11:30 a. m. to hear the case of James S. Kendall, No. 4089.

James S. Kendall No. 4089 stated he is not in any way connected with the Horizon. And an information that he was the editor of the Horizon is erroneous. He came before the executive committee of his own free will to obtain a clearance from the organization and the SUP for the steamship Claymont Victory, which is a troopship and not affected by the strike of the SUP

and I signed my name.

Motion made by Captain Lawberg, seconded by Captain Michelson, that the above statement made by James S. Kendall, No. 4089, is accepted as a true statement, and this statement be retained on file, and the above-named man to be given clearance. Motion carried unanimously and so recommended. Meeting adjourned at 12 noon.

I submitted this to Mr. Lundeberg, and he wrote on here "Okay for clearance through SUP picket line, Harry Lundeberg, secretary treasurer." So I sailed away on the steamship Claymont Victory and went to Alaska, and when I came back the SUP strike had been settled, and in the meantime the committee for maritime unity, the longshoremen were a part of, had gone out on strike, and I came back to the port of Seattle, so I thought I would try again, so there was no group up there within the Masters, Mates and Pilots. However, Jack Smith, who was the agent of the National Maritime Union and a Communist Party member, was there, and so I attended several