and have come forward to do an American duty as they see that duty should have not only the thanks of the Nation, but the sympathetic understanding of business associates, employers, and former friends and associates outside of the Communist Party. Scorned and vilified as they are by former associates within the party, these witnesses should find understanding among the vast body of loyal American citizens. They should receive every assistance toward economic, social, and political rehabilitation consistent with the quality of trustworthiness which marked their testimony.

It should be remembered that without the testimony of the hundreds of former Communists who have severed their ties with the conspiracy and who have testified fully as to the extent and nature of the activities of the party there would not today be an ever expanding volume of knowledge and information in the hands of the American Congress and available to the American people.

Eternal vigilance is indeed the price of liberty. Vigilante action is neither needed nor desirable. The work of tracking down subversion of every type and of insuring the passage of Federal remedial legislation designed to meet the threat against human freedom is a charge which must rest upon duly constituted authority at all levels of Government.

Intelligent and loyal citizens armed with facts of subversion and disloyalty can render a signal service to the American people by contacting the Federal Bureau of Investigation or other agencies the duties of which include investigation and proper evaluation of information.

The question has been asked as to what purpose is served by the disclosure of the names of individuals who may long ago have left the conspiracy and since devoted themselves to home and work in the manner of loyal American citizens. This is a reasonable question and one deserving of a reasonable answer. The testimony of a cooperative witness is not tampered with in any way by this committee or by its staff. That testimony must stand the cruel test imposed by the subsequent appearance before the committee of those who are named. It would be an act of intellectual dishonesty for this committee to add or detract one name from the list of those whom the witness is prepared to identify under oath as having been within his own knowledge a member of the conspiracy during the period of the witness' own membership. The identity of an individual having been made in public or executive session, the committee has no alternative but to place that individual in the witness chair at the earliest possible moment.

The decision on the part of a witness as to the nature of his testimony, whether he will cooperate or not is not within the authority of the committee to rule upon. Every member of the Communist Party, past or present is or was a small section of a jigsaw puzzle, and each had his role to play. The fact of having left the conspiracy in no way eradicates or erases his knowledge of events that transpired during his membership nor of the role he played. The committee has no way of knowing the status of his membership at present until he is placed under oath and the information is sought to be elicited.

Upon the front of a great public building in Washington, D. C., there are graven on stone the words "The past is prologue." If this

is true, and if individuals insure the future by reference to the past then it is equally true that nations under unremitting attack must look to the past in the preparation of its future defenses. One missing piece of the vast and forbidding puzzle may well be in the possession of a former and disillusioned member of the conspiracy. The risk attendant on failure to make adequate and comprehensive inquiry at every available source is too great to justify the theory that former Communists should be immune to interrogation. The bank robber, the embezzler, or the murderer who leaves the pursuit of crime to take up a quiet existence in a rural community enjoys no immunity for his past activity and the stake of society involved in the transgressions of those who steal physical properties or money is, while important, as nothing when compared to the activities of those who would enslave the world.

In conclusion, the committee wishes to extend its thanks to the hundreds of citizens of the bay area who have communicated to the committee their expressions of support and of encouragement. The work of the committee is made easier by the knowledge that the vast majority of loyal Americans stand behind their Congress and behind their elected officials in the vital work so necessary to the defense of the American Republic. So long as that support and encouragement are evidenced by those who freely elect their representatives to the legislative halls of this Nation it is inconceivable that there should ever come into being the Union of Soviet United States. [Applause.] Mr. VELDE. I thank you for that very fine statement, Mr. Jackson, and before adjourning I would like to mention that I forgot to mention the fact that the gentleman from California, Mr. Doyle, also read the statement that Mr. Jackson just read before he gave it and concurs heartily therein. Is that true, Mr. Doyle?

Mr. DOYLE. I do, very heartily.

Mr. VELDE. Now the committee will stand in adjournment until further call of the chair.

(Whereupon, at 5:05 p. m., the hearing was recessed subject to call.)

Treskin, Alex_____

3488

3421-3432, 3446-3456

3464, 3480, 3481

3426

3428

3472

3472

3440

3477

3463, 3464, 3467, 3470, 3473-3475, 3478, 3481, 3483, 3487, 3488

Alameda County CIO Council___

American Civil Liberties Union of Northern California_

American Communications Association____.

3471

3434

3433

3422, 3446

3440

3460

3487

3456

3433, 3434

3441, 3465, 3474

3425, 3426, 3428
3428

3433-3435, 3441, 3460, 3463, 3480

International Longshoremen's and Warehousemen's