especially useful. Some of the related fields in which competition with men for jobs is relatively small, such as technical library work, have been discussed in some detail in Bulletin 223-8.

Although specialties may be counted on to hasten employment or advancement, they are no substitute either for performance on the job or for the attitude toward one's work that distinguishes one who has a "profession." This attitude arises from the humbling knowledge of how much there always is to be learned. It is nurtured by association with others who have worked or are working in the same field, through reading what they have written, listening to what they say, working with them on common problems, and discussing problems and solutions at meetings of professional societies.

Instead of being overwhelmed by the size of the territory she can never hope to explore completely, and struck powerless by indecision, the young woman truly interested in science will make up her mind to do the best and most thorough job she can in a field which she may limit according to her talent, training, and circumstances. A few women, like a few men who may go through life without financial or personal responsibility for the nurture or care of others in their families, may compensate for their lack of contribution to society through their families by devoting an extraordinary amount of time and energy to their scientific work. A few women, like a few men, because of exceptional gifts of health and talent and the cooperation of their families, may pass the benefit of these gifts on to society by unusual contributions to scientific knowledge combined with a normal share of family and civic responsibility. For the average college woman interested in science whose work outside her home is interrupted there remains the challenge of relating her homemaking experiences to her interest in science and of deciding how much of her leisure or hobby time to devote to her scientific interest. An hour a day on exercises or problems planned to retain the skills and knowledge needed in her field is not a complete substitute for part-time or full-time employment, but it may be an insurance against a complete loss of skill.

Whether or not she returns to full-time scientific work ultimately, she will have enjoyed the insurance of retaining employability in her field and will very probably have used her knowledge and her training to some advantage in her homemaking and other capacities. She can aid her own and other children in their initial exploration in the field of science.

Although there is no statistical evidence that most women in science come from families in which they have had unusual opportunity or encouragement in developing their interest, it is not unusual to find a scientist, physician, or engineer in the family of young women who are

interested in science. One great obligation and opportunity for women who enter scientific work is to make less difficult the journey of those who come after. This some thousands of women are already doing thorough successful performance on their jobs, thereby establishing a reputation for women for good, solid work. In addition, some who have the gift of writing or speaking or teaching are telling young women what needs to be done in science, what it takes to do it, and how to do it. And all can add their influence to insure that every girl who has the interest and capacity to do so may have full opportunity to explore the realm of science and the chance to plan her life course in that direction.

Madame Curie, who had the humility that characterizes the truly great, has put the goal simply: "We cannot hope to build a better world without improving the individual. Toward this end, each of us must work toward his own highest development, accepting at the same time his share of responsibility in the general life of humanityour particular duty being to help those to whom we feel we can be most useful" (8).

SOURCES TO WHICH REFERENCE IS MADE IN THE TEXT

(1) Adolph, E. F. Future physiology. Section V. Physiology in North America, 1945. Survey by a Committee of the American Physiological Society. Federation proceedings 3: 432-36, September 1946.

(2) Alexander, A. A. Engineering as a profession. Opportunity 24:60–62, April-June 1946.

(3) American Chemical Society. The economic status of members of the American Chemical Society. Approved report of the Committee on Economic Status. Prepared by Andrew Fraser, Jr. Washington, D. C., the Society, 1942. (Reprinted from Chemical Engineering News, vol. 20; Nos. 20, 22, 23, 24.) 1942. 39 pp.

(4) Boyd, T. E. Economics. Section III. Physiology in North America, 1945. Federation proceedings 3: 422-28, September 1946.

(5) Cattell, Jaques, Ed. American Men of Science, A Biographical Directory. Lancaster, Pa., Science Press, 1944. 2033 pp.

(6) Chester, K. Starr. National requirement and availability of botanists. American journal of botany 34: 240-43, April 1947.

(7) Compton, Karl T. Scientific and engineering progress-insurance against aggression and depression. Chemical and engineering news 24: 1328–32, May 25, 1946.

(8) Curie, Eve. Madame Curie: a biography. Translated by Vincent Sheean. Garden City, New York, Garden City Publishing Co., Inc., 1943. 393 pp. (9) Dow, Philip. The identification and analysis of the North American population of physiologists. Section II. Physiology in North America, 1945. Survey by a Committee of the American Physiological Society. Federation proceedings 3: 417–22, September 1946.

(10) Edgerton, Harold A., and Britt, Steuart Henderson. The Science Talent Search in relation to educational and economic indices. School and society 63: 172-75, Mar. 9, 1946.

A

(11) Engineers Joint Council. The engineering profession in transition. report of the Engineers Joint Council Committee on the 1946 survey of the engineering profession. By Andrew Fraser. New York, N. Y., the Council, 33 West 39th St., 1947.

94 pp.

(12) Ferguson, Lloyd N. Financial aids for education and chemical research.

Beta Kappa Chi bulletin 5: 16–23, January 1947.

(13) Greene, Harry Washington. Holders of Doctorates among American Negroes. An educational and social study of Negroes who have earned Doctoral degrees in course, 1876-1943. Boston, Mass., Meador Publishing Company, 1946. 275 pp.

(14) Hochwalt, Carroll A. The outlook for industrial research. Chemical and engineering news 24: 2183, Aug. 25, 1946.

(15) Hollis, Ernest V. Toward improving Ph. D. programs. Washington, D. C., American Council on Education, 1945. 204 pp.

(16) Horsey, Eleanor F. and Price, Donna. Science out of petticoats. Journal of the American Association of University Women 40: 13-16, Fall 1946.

(17) Hull, Callie and Timms, Mary. Research supported by industry through scholarships, fellowships, and grants. Chemical and engineering news 24: 2346-58, Sept. 10, 1946.

(18) Institute of Women's Professional Relations. Fellowships and other aids for advanced work. Compiled by Mary M. Pendergrast. New London, Conn., the Institute, Research Headquarters, Connecticut College, 1947. 471 pp.

(19) National Education Association, Research Division. Salaries of city-school employees, 1946-47. Washington, D. C., the Association, 1947. 23 pp. (Research bulletin, vol. XXV, No. 1, February 1947.)

(20) National Research Council. Handbook of scientific and technical societies and institutions of the United States and Canada. Washington, D. C., National Research Council, 1942. 389 pp. (Bulletin No. 106, January 1942. Fourth Edition.)

(21)

(22)

Industrial research laboratories of the United States. 8th Ed. 1946. By Callie Hull. Washington, D. C., the Council, 1946. 415 pp. (Bulletin No. 113, July 1946.)

Physical sciences, geology,
Washington, D. C., the

National research fellowships, 1919–38. geography, medical sciences, biological sciences. Council, 1938. 95 pp.

(23) Patterson, Margaret E. Lack of technical personnel is most serious deficit. Washington, D. C., 1946. Reprint from Science Service's Weekly Science Page, 1 p.

(24) Postwar engineering can provide more goods at less cost. Scientific American 171: 225-26, November 1944.

(25) Raymond, F. E. Research and its place in the world of tomorrow. Special libraries 32: 197–201, July-August 1941.

(26) Read, Thomas T. Careers in the mineral industries. New York, N. Y., American Institute of Mining and Metallurgical Engineers, 1941. 31. pp. (27) Science Clubs of America. How you can search for science talent. Washington, D. C., 1947. 23 pp.

(28) Sedgwick, W. T. A short history of science.

R. P. Bigelow.
(Rev. Ed.)

Revised by H. W. Tyler and New York, N. Y, the Macmillan Co, 1939. 512 pp.

(29) Smith, Lee Irvin. Problems in postwar education. Chemical and engi

neering news 23: 338-44, Feb. 25, 1945.

(30) Stevens, Raymond. Some trends in research. Industrial and engineering chemistry 36: 388-90, May 1944.

(31) Trytten, M. H. The future supply of scientific personnel. Mechanical engineering 68: 123-6+, February 1946.

(32)

National security and the training of chemists. neering news 25: 499-502, Feb. 24, 1947.

Chemical and engi

(33) Turner, T. W. Science teaching in Negro colleges. Journal of Negro education 15:36-42, Winter 1946.

(34) U. S. Department of Commerce, U. S. Bureau of the Census. 16th Census, 1940. U. S. Summary. Population. Vol. III. The labor force. Part I. Washington, U. S. Government printing office, 1943. Tables 58, 62. (35) U. S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics. Employment outlook for architects. Washington, the Bureau, October 1945. 1 p. Mimeo. Factors affecting earnings in chemistry and chemical engineering. By Cora E. Taylor, under the supervision of Harold Goldstein. Washington, U. S. Government printing office, 1946. 22 pp. (BLS Bulletin No. 881.)

(36)

(37)

(38)

(39)

U. S. Employment Service, National Roster of Scientific and Specialized Personnel. Directory of colleges and universities offering graduate degrees and some form of graduate aid. Washington, D. C., the Roster, January 1946. 42 pp.

Distribution of Roster registrants, December 31, 1946.

Washington, the Roster, 1947. 5 pp. Multi.

Faculty members and students in institutions of higher education, December 1942. Washington, the Roster. Final report, June 15, 1943. Chart. Multi.

(40) (U. S.) Federal Security Agency, U. S. Office of Education. Biennial surveys of education in the United States, 1938-40 and 1940-42. Vol. II, Chapter IV. Statistics of higher education 1939-40 and 1941-42. Washington, U. S. Government printing office, 1944. 295 pp. (See Table XII p. 17.)

(41)

(42)

Engineering, science, and management war training. Final report. By Henry H. Armsby. Washington, U. S. Government printing office, 1946. 149 pp. Bulletin 1946, No. 9.

Vocational-technical training for industrial occupations. Report of the Consulting Committee on Vocational-Technical Training Appointed by the U. S. Commissioner of Education. Washington, U. S. Government printing office, 1944. 307 pp. (Vocational Division bulletin no. 228. Vocational-Technical Training Series No. 1.)

(43) U. S. National Resources Planning Board. Research-a national resource, Part II. Industrial research, December 1940. Washington, U. S. Government printing office, 1941. 369 pp.

(44) U. S. Office of Scientific Research and Development. Science, the endless frontier. A report to the President by Vannevar Bush, July 1945. Washington, U. S. Government printing office, 1945. 184 pp.

(45) (U. S.) President's Scientific Research Board. Science and public policy. Vol. 1. A program for the nation. By John R. Steelman. Washington, U. S. Government printing office, Aug. 22, 1947. 73 pp.

(46)

(47)

(48)

Vol. 2. The Federal research program. By John R. Steelman, Washington, U. S. Government printing office, Sept. 27, 1947.

166 pp.

318 pp. Vol. 3. Administration for research. By John R. Steelman. Washington, U. S. Government printing office, Oct. 4, 1947. 324 pp. Vol. 4. Manpower for research. By John R. Steelman. Washington, U. S. Government printing office, Oct. 11, 1947. (49) (U. S.) Senate. 80th Congress. 1st Session. Calendar No. 76, Report No. 78. National Science Foundation report to accompany S526. (50) Vagtborg, Harold. Industrial research pattern of the United States. Chemical and engineering news 23:1943-45, 2055, Nov. 10, 1945. (51) Woods, L. L. The Negro in chemistry. School and society 52: 11-12, July

6, 1940.