There are about 9,000 people in forestry and related fields, including soil conservation, range management, and similar work, according to the Society of American Foresters. Of the approximately 5,500 members of the Society in 1947, only 13 were women, 5 of them active and 8 associate members.

Twenty-six men and no women were appointed to forestry jobs in the Federal Civil Service at the junior professional assistant level in 1940 (23). (See p. 3-77 for minimum requirements for Federal Civil Service positions as foresters.)

Figure 7.-One of the few women freshmen receiving instruction in forestry at a school of agriculture in 1947.

Even before the war, there were women in forestry. In 1938 the Federal Government employed 30 women in forestry and range science occupations (41). The United States Forest Service, in the depression years 1933-36, employed a few professional women foresters who were assigned to emergency work relief projects. During World War II a woman forestry aid was employed by the Tennessee Valley Authority. In 1946, however, there were only 5 women with forestry or other botanical training doing professional work in the United States Forest Service. Two were botanists classified as forest ecologists, 2 were wood technologists, and 1 was a forest pathologist. Two women also occupied subprofessional positions requiring botanical training a botanical artist and a herbarium clerk. The present sup

ply of foresters, including those released from the armed forces, plus the additional graduates each year, about 500 annually before the war, is believed to be adequate to meet normal postwar needs. (36).

The United States Forest Service does not as a rule employ women in the field, because conditions are such that it is impractical to do so. Field work is an important part of a forester's training, and, as already noted, the largest part of his work for about 10 years consists of field work. This field experience is essential for advancement to most desk jobs, and women, who do not usually have the opportunity to obtain such experience, find advancement difficult.

There are, however, certain types of forestry jobs in which women are not so handicapped. In the future, there may be a few additional jobs for women in wood technology and wood chemistry in laboratory and research programs. These would not necessarily involve the type of preparation that now makes forestry training especially difficult for women. Other sources of employment for women trained in forestry are club, radio, and education work.

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Bacteriology as Defined in a Revision of the Occupational Summary Prepared by the National Roster of Scientific and Specialized Personnel (26)

Bacteriology is concerned with the classification, identification, propagation, sterilization, isolation, and physiology of the various types of bacteria and other micro-organisms; their effects upon cells, tissues, organs, food products; their use in industrial fermentation and related processes; the preparation of immune serums, vaccines, and other "biologicals." In a broad sense, the field deals with pathogenic or disease-causing bacteria, and the saprophytic bacteria, which live upon dead organic matter.

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Some Typical Jobs in Bacteriology

A bacteriologist in a university hospital might describe her duties as follows:

I am responsible for all the routine diagnostic bacteriology including: nose and throat cultures, blood cultures, spinal fluid examinations, stool cultures for the isolation of enteric pathogens, studies on sputa from cases of acute and chronic respiratory infections, etc. I prepare and standardize autogenous vaccines. I test the sensitivity of recently isolated strains of bacteria to the various sulfonamides, to penicillin and to streptomycin as well, determine the blood levels of the specific one with which a patient is being treated.

A junior or assistant bacteriologist in a research laboratory, carrying on studies with viruses involved in acute respiratory infections, might be quoted as saying:

My duties as a member of the research team are to attempt to establish and then maintain growth of viruses in chick embryo. Isolations of various viruses are attempted directly from the blood, nasal washings, and the sputum of patients and indirectly from the tissues of animals previously inoculated with them.

A research bacteriologist engaged by a group of food manufacturers might investigate (a) the possible sources of contamination of a food with enterotoxigenic staphylococci, (b) the conditions under which the growth of these bacteria might be kept at a minimum, and (c) the conditions that might contribute to the development of especially potent toxins.

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