Mr. SINGER. Yes.

Mr. KUNZIG. I think the record will show clearly that in all these answers he is declining to answer on the grounds of the fifth amendment.

Do I understand that?

Mr. SINGER. And honor and conscience, sir.

Mr. CLARDY. I can't hear you. I can't hear what you add to that each time.

Mr. SINGER. And honor and conscience.

Mr. CLARDY. Honor and conscience?

Mr. SINGER. Yes; I feel extremely strong about it.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did you know a Dirk Struik-S-t-r-u-i-k?

Mr. SINGER. Yes; I knew him.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did you know Dirk Struik to be a member of the Communist Party?

Mr. SINGER. I decline again, sir.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did you know William Ted Martin?

Mr. SINGER. Yes; I knew him.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did you know him to be a member of the Communist Party?

Mr. SINGER. I decline again, sir.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did you know Lawrence Arguimbau?

Mr. SINGER. Yes.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did you know him to be a member of the Communist Party?

Mr. SINGER. I decline again, sir.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did you know Israel Halperin

Mr. SINGER. No; I never

Mr. KUNZIG (continuing). H-a-l-p-e-r-i-n?

Mr. SINGER. I have heard of him, sir, but I do not know

Mr. CLARDY. You knew of his record, I take it?

Mr. SINGER. I have read in the paper, sir, about

Mr. CLARDY. Well, I am talking about back as of the time we are discussing your acquaintance with these others. You knew of his activities and of his record as of that time, did you not?

Mr. SINGER. NO; at that time I am sure, sir, I didn't.

Mr. CLARDY. You hadn't heard of him until the hearings going on here?

Mr. SINGER. I heard of him in-perhaps the middle of the forty's, at a later time. There was some incident.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did you know Israel Halperin at any time to be a member of the Communist Party?

Mr. SINGER. I did not—I did not know him, sir.

Mr. KUNZIG. Then, you didn't know him at any time to be a member of the Communist Party?

(At this point Mr. Singer conferred with Mr. Pollitt.)

Mr. SINGER. No.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did you know William T. Parry-P-a-r-r-y?

Mr. SINGER. No, sir.

Mr. KUNZIG. You never knew a William T. Parry?

Mr. SINGER. No; I've read about him in the paper recently, but I did not know him.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did you know a Helen Deane Markham?

Mr. SINGER. Yes; I know a Helen Deane Markham.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did you know Helen Deane Markham to be a member of the Communist Party?

Mr. SINGER. I decline again, sir.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did you know at any time a Dr. Philip Morrison— I believe at Cornell University?

Mr. SINGER. Yes.

Mr. KUNZIG. You did know Dr. Philip Morrison?

Mr. SINGER. I know him now.

Mr. KUNZIG. You do know him today?

Mr. SINGER. Yes. I met him when I came to Cornell.

Mr. KUNZIG. Do you know him to be a member of the Communist Party?

Mr. SINGER. I do not know him to be a member of the Communist Party. I do not know him to be.

Mr. KUNZIG. Now, these people we have mentioned up to this time— Robert G. Davis, Wendell H. Furry, Isador Amdur, Norman Levinson, John H. Reynolds, Dirk Struik, William Ted Martin, Lawrence Arguimbau, and Helen Deane Markham-did they attend these meetings to which you testified yesterday?

Mr. SINGER. Sir, I decline again on the grounds which I have already stated.

Mr. KUNZIG. All right. I am going to take them individually for the purpose of this record.

Did Robert G. Davis attend these meetings to which you testified yesterday?

Mr. SINGER. I said I did not know Robert Davis.

Mr. KUNZIG. You don't know Robert Davis at all?

Mr. SINGER. No; I've read

Mr. KUNZIG. All right.

Mr. SINGER (continuing). About Robert Davis.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did Wendell H. Furry attend these Communist meetings you testified about yesterday?

Mr. SINGER. Sir, I decline.

Mr. CLARDY. May I put it another way, Counsel: Did he attend any one of the meetings?

Mr. SINGER. I decline, sir.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did Isador Amdur attend any one of these meetings to which you testified yesterday?

Mr. SINGER. Again, sir, I decline.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did Norman Levinson attend any one of these Communist meetings to which you testified yesterday?

Mr. SINGER. Again, I decline.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did John H. Reynolds attend any one of these Communist meetings to which you testified yesterday?

Mr. SINGER. Again, sir, I decline.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did Dirk Struik attend any one of these Communist meetings to which you testified yesterday?

Mr. SINGER. Again, I decline for the reasons I have said.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did William Ted Martin attend any one of these Communist meetings to which you testified yesterday?

Mr. SINGER. Again I decline, sir.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did Lawrence Arguimbau attend any one of these Communist meetings to which testified yesterday?

you

Mr. SINGER. Same answer, sir.

Mr. KUNZIG. Did Helen Deane Markham attend any one of these Communist meetings to which you testified yesterday?

Mr. SINGER. Again, sir, I decline.

Mr. KUNZIG. I request, sir, that the witness be directed to answer that series of questions, as they are completely pertinent and relevant to the matter before this committee.

Mr. VELDE. Yes. Again I want to say to the witness that, under the obligations imposed upon us by the House of Representatives and the duty we have, it is very necessary that, if we are to carry out these duties, the witnesses we bring before this committee not only answer as to their own affiliation with the Communist Party or any other subversive group but also tell about the operations of that particular group, tell who were members, and so forth.

I know you are represented by able counsel, and I hope you will realize there is a possibility that you will be cited for contempt of this committee and contempt of Congress.

Bearing that in mind, the Chair feels that these questions put to you by counsel, which you declined to answer, are pertinent to this committee's work; and, therefore, I direct you to answer these questions. Mr. SINGER. Sir

(At this point Mr. Singer conferred with Mr. Pollitt.)

Mr. SINGER (continuing). I am prepared to speak fully about myself, as I did yesterday, and tell you everything about myself, waiving my right to my own opinions, past or present, in honesty and sincerely; but I could never, sir, in honor and conscience, trade someone's career for my own, come what may, and I wish to restate my position: That, in honor and conscience, I just cannot, and also for fear of

incrimination

Mr. VELDE. Well, let me say

Mr. SINGER (continuing). On advice of counsel, sir.

Mr. VELDE. Let me say, as far as trading your career or trading anybody else's career, to satisfy us, or answer the questions put to you, we are not interested in any way whatsoever in interfering with your occupation or that of any other witness who has come before this committee, or the right and privilege of having a job at a great university.

(Representative Francis E. Walter entered the hearing room at this

point.)

Mr. VELDE. We are only interested in obtaining facts relative to the operations of subversive activities in this country, and in particular relative to the operations of the Communist Party, past and present.

I think that you know-and this committee certainly does that no witness who has come before this committee and answered questions truthfully has ever been incriminated by this committee; and, further than that, I know of no one who has suffered any loss of employment by reason of his cooperation or his testimony concerning subversive activities in this country.

Mr. SINGER. I appreciate very much the position of the committee and the rights of the committee to investigate, and it's a position which I honor, sir; and, for myself, I will state emphatically if ever I encounter subversion among anyone, irrespective of whether they are my colleagues, I will gladly report it. It's my duty, I feel, to report it; but we were not subversive, sir. We didn't follow any slavist policy. We were intellectuals. We were scholars. We were pur

suing a right, as we thought it, and if we are disinterested at the monment, at the present time, it merely

Mr. VELDE. The committee realizes-I am speaking for myself primarily, but I think the other members of the committee realize-you thought you at that time were not engaged in any subversive activities; but it so happens now this committee is attempting to determine the nature of those activities in order to determine whether or not they were subversive and have been subversive for a long time—— Mr. SINGER. I appreciate

Mr. VELDE (Continuing). And it is for that reason we are asking you these questions.

Mr. SINGER. I appreciate that, very well, sir, and I have spoken about my feelings. I have tried to project myself back into a world which was different than it is now. I have completely disassociated myself from those activities, and I have expressed that. I have no interest in those activities at all, but as I look back on them I give you my honest evaluation.

I do not feel remorse of those things. Perhaps it was a stage in my own development. Perhaps it was a certain need. Perhaps it was a question of inquisitiveness, in part.

Mr. VELDE. That is just exactly what this committee is trying to find out, Dr. Singer

Mr. SINGER. Yes.

Mr. VELDE (continuing). And if you would answer these questions, it would help us a lot in determining how the Communist Party operated and how they were able to infiltrate almost every phase of our American life.

Mr. SINGER. I describe that according to my feelings, and I am prepared to continue, sir, even on opinions, on various things; but I just feel

Mr. VELDE. We are not too much interested in opinions. We are interested in facts.

Mr. SINGER. I feel, sir

Mr. VELDE. The questions asked you

Mr. SINGER. I feel

Mr. VELDE (continuing). By Counsel are questions of fact.

Mr. SINGER. Well, sir, I just feel I could not possibly work in my laboratory again. It's not that I'm hiding something. It's-it's like the end of a rope, in many ways. It's a basic feeling, sir, and I just cannot

Mr. CLARDY. May I suggest

Mr. SINGER (Continuing). Change my position.

Mr. CLARDY (continuing). Since you have directed the witness to answer the questions it would probably be well, in view of that direction, if Counsel would again ask him either singly or collectively as to whether or not those members attended any single meeting. In other words, I think they should be repeated now that the direction of the Chair has been given so this record may be clear.

Mr. VELDE. Well, I think the record is clear enough with reference to his refusal to answer relative to those people he knew.

Mr. CLARDY. Maybe we could get at it this way: Witness, do I understand your refusal to answer to be that you would refuse to respond to any question dealing with the identification of any of these who

have been named as members of the group or meetings that you attended?

You are just making a blanket denial and refusal to answer any questions along that line?

Mr. SINGER. Yes; on the grounds which I have stated, sir.

Mr. CLARDY. Yes; I understand what you have stated, but your refusal is a blanket refusal?

Mr. SINGER. Yes; I—

Mr. CLARDY. Well, that will shorten it up a little bit.

I think you are ill-advised, especially in view of what happened at the Rumanian Embassy yesterday, sir, and I think you should reconsider your position and assist this committee in exposing to the light of day every bit of information that you have.

That is all I have, Mr. Counsel.

Mr. WALTER. Well, may I remind the witness of this: We are not interested in the names of the people as such. We are interested in learning about the ramifications of this conspiracy so that we might be in a position to recommend to the Congress of the United States remedial legislation.

Mr. SINGER. Yes.

Mr. WALTER. The fact that names enter into this is purely incidental. Mr. SINGER. Well, sir, that's in part a feeling of mine, and I answered along those lines, sir, and I am prepared to go on

Mr. WALTER. No, but you

Mr. SINGER. About myself, sir.

Mr. WALTER (continuing). You see, in light of what I say, what you are actually doing is impeding this committee in its attempts to devise the kind of legislation that will afford some degree of security and protection to the United States.

We don't care who these people were as individuals. We want to know what they did, and where they are now.

Mr. DOYLE. May I add this suggestion

Mr. VELDE. Mr. Doyle.

Mr. DOYLE (continuing). In view of that very appropriate observation by Mr. Walter: Under Public Law 601 we are assigned to make a study of the extent of the extent of subversive activities.

Now, calling that language to your attention, I feel it would make it clear to you as a distinguished educator that that is one additional reason why we are anxious to find, and we are duty-bound to find under the law, the number of people in these groups and how they functioned, what they did, as members of the Communist Party, or as Communists who were not members of the Communist Party; and I am sure we are all trying to make that perfectly clear to youMr. SINGER. Yes.

Mr. DOYLE (continuing). Not to have you do something which your conscience wouldn't in honor allow you to do, but to try to get your help, sir

Mr. SINGER. Yes; I would like

Mr. DOYLE (continuing). In our study.

Mr. SINGER. I Would like to tell you about myself, my impressions, my understanding, as I did yesterday, and continue on that line, sir; but I just

Mr. DOYLE. May I ask just this one more question, Mr. Chairman, because I wasn't here yesterday in committee meeting and didn't have