bar of the andyron, (which is the support of the wood,) as supposed by Whalley, but to the Cupids. As the hinder part of cach andyron had a bifurcated, and common, iron support; thus, I presume, were their fronts more elaborately upheld. The leaning Cupid of each, standing on one leg, was, apparently, propped, we may well suppose, by his reversed torch, or brand. Thus were they "each on one foot standing, nicely Depending on their brands.” Two pair of andyrons formed the full set for the fire-placethe one pair being placed at some distance within the otherthe outer pair larger-the inner smaller. The intent of this arrangement was, that, when the logs of wood were, by the strength of the fire, burnt off in the centre, the ends of them might be caught by, and sustained on, the lesser, and innermost, pair, and thereby prevented from falling on the hearth. Thus, in the inventory of the furniture, &c., of Sir Thomas Kytson, of Hengrave Hall, in the County of Suffolk, Knt., it that there were in the "Greate Chamber," appears, "two payer of andyrons with heads, and fore parts of copper; one payer being lesse than the other.”* Such a set of andyrons, four in number, (which are the property of the Author of this work,) may now be seen (1836) in the fire-place of the Halle of John Halle. They are of very superior beauty, and well worthy the inspection of the curious, being formed of flowers, and scrolls, of white enamel, set in slender brass filagree work on a dark blue enamel ground. Their ability to stand the most intense heat has been well proved. To proceed the article of cupboards,† here mentioned, requires some explanation. In its primary signification, it literally meant a board, whereon the cup was handed. As the age grew more refined, the tray of metal superseded the more simple board, and such is, probably, here meant, as we can hardly History and Antiquities of Hengrave, p. 27. The word cupboard, denotive of the board, whereon the cup was handed, was transferred, metonymically, to the shelf, whereon the cup was placed. The shelf, subsequently, was occasionally enclosed, under the directions of the good housewife, to keep her jams, and delicate cates, from purloining hands, and unhallowed lips, and thus still retained the appellative of cupboard, but is, with greater propriety, called-the safe! believe the small wooden waiter to have been the object of importation. The fire-fork was an instrument now in disuse, and, probably, appertained to the wood-fire alone as a strong twograined fork, wherewith, occasionally, to hoist up, and adjust, the blazing logs on the fire. It often occurs in the inventories of ancient mansions. The word garnet, as here used, is now no longer known. In its explication it must mean, according to the "Gazophylacium Anglicanum," "a little crane, or engine, whereby ships are loaded, and unloaded." The meaning of painted forcers I cannot discover, nor am I able to explain, why lathe-nails are here mentioned with iron shanks. I am at an utter loss, also, for the purport of the obsolete word, turnets. Does it mean, gentle reader, trivets? The hanging-candlesticks must have been those so made as to hang on the edge of the mantel-shelf. With reference to the holy water stops, the word stops (or stoups) must here denote peculiar vessels for the holding of the holy water, although the word, according to Johnson and Nares, denotes a drinking-vessel. The hanging lavers we may interpret, I think, as wash-basins, or large porrengers, witli suspensory handles. The exception in favour of the Roan Cards may, perhaps, mean those from Rouen, in France. The word broches here, there can be no doubt, signifies spits. It is very difficult to say what the ware of latten was. The word latten, as a metal, occurs continually in old authors; some say, that it was tin-others, that it was brass, but there is greater reason to suppose, that it was a compound of tin and copper. Fosbroke (Encyc. of Antiq.) supposes it to have been an alloy of copper and zinc. Nares (Glossary) seems to consider it as synonymous with the orichalcum of the Ancients. I am, on my own part, strongly inclined to think, that iron coated with tin may have been, also, so called. Thus have I endeavoured to explain the terms in this interesting statute, which are either in disuse, or less understood. I have no doubt, that the operation of this law, intended, evidently, to arouse the latent energies, and abilities, of our countrymen, depressed by long, and bloody wars, produced its purposed effect. It is very true, that, immediately after its enactment, the sword, vainly supposed by Richard, the Third, to have been sheathed in peace, was again drawn on the part of the House of Lancaster by Henry, Earl of Richmond. The contest, however, was of very short duration. Richard was slain at the battle of Bosworth, and the Earl of Richmond succeeded to the throne as Henry, the Seventh. This struggle of war was too brief to affect the advance of the arts. There can be no doubt, that the unrepealed statute worked its intended good, and that England regained her station amongst the nations. War, at all times, tends to impede the progress of the arts. When the nation is thus, politically, involved, the mind of man is turned from its wonted pursuits, and, with folded arms, he is accustomed to ponder on the occurrences, which are passing in other realms; but, when the country is entangled in intestine broils-when that most furious war, oddly ycleped civil war, is raging within its bowels, the nation appears in a state of stupor-it reels to and fro like a drunken man— every individual is drawn from his usual avocation—the arts first stop in their advance, and then retrograde. The late lengthened wars with France much depressed the energies of our men of science, and ingenious artizans. The nation, now reposing in peace, has turned its attention to arts and commerce; and, in the present æra, England arises preeminent for her love of science, and her consequent advancement in those discoveries, which are most beneficial to mankind. Other countries are rapidly following in her wake; but, at present, there exists every cause to hope, that she will successfully continue to lead the way to prosperity, and glory—to genuine religion, and to moral culture. NOTES TO ESSAY VI. NOTE 1-(p. 292.) "Chrystian, the daughter of John Halle, wedded Sir Thomas Hungerford, Knt., of Down Ampney, in the County of Wilts." In the second volume of my work, Chrystian, the daughter of John Halle, and the family of Hungerford, will come more fully under my notice. The parish of Down Ampney, which is about two miles from Cricklade, lies on the confines of Wilts; indeed, the parish is partly in that County, and partly in Gloucestershire. The church is situate within the bounds of the latter County. The ancient mansion of that branch of the Hungerford Family is placed on the boundary line of the Counties, which is esteemed to pass through the kitchen! I am not incorrect, therefore, in saying, that Chrystian, the daughter of John Halle wedded Sir Thomas Hungerford of Down Ampney, in the County of Wilts. NOTE 2-(p. 295.) "Shall buy, and purchase Bishopsdown." This is the name of an estate in the parish of Milford, which adjoins the manor of ancient Salisbury, or (as at this day) Stratford. In the days of John Halle we may well presume, that Salisbury Plain extended itself nigh unto the walls of the present City. We have seen, (p. 380,) that, at the time of Doomsday Book, there was a considerable extent of down land within the manor of "Sarisberie:" "Pastura 20 quarantenæ longæ, et 10 latæ, et alibi 5 quarantena pasturæ longæ et una lata❞—that is, "The pasture is two miles and a half long, and a mile and a quarter broad. And besides this, there are five furlongs in length of pasture, and one in breadth." I must here again observe, that pastura means, in that ancient document, down land, and pratum denotes meadow, or mowable, land. There may be a question, whether quarantena here be rightly apprehended as a measure of extent; but, at all events, it does appear, that there was a large portion of down land attached to the manor of ancient Salisbury; and, we may fairly infer, that that description of land extended itself over the adjoining portion of the manor of Milford; and, when the Bishop was enfeoffed with that manor in the days of Henry, the Third, we may rationally presume, that that portion of pastura, or down land, by way of contradistinction, took the name of Bishops-down. I have no data, whereon to conjecture the precise period of the curious" Prophecie" of Crabb; but that it was long prior to the year 1650 is most probable, for the verses thus speak prophetically of the purchase of Bishops-down by Bayliffe (or Bayly) of Salisbury: "When as Bayliffe of Sarum town Great store of goodly corn shall grow ; And woad, that makes all colours sound, Aubrey (as quoted p. 206) saith thus: "Bayly" (or Bayliffe) "of Salisbury left a faire Estate. Mr. John Bayly of Bishops-down (near Salisbury) had also a mannour at Combe Bisset in this County both sold about 1650, and (I think) the Males are extinct, but it appears by old Deeds about Salisbury, that they had a great deal of Land thereabouts, and heretofore." The estate of Bishops-down is now converted into arable land, and the "Prophecie" is thus far remarkably fulfilled, inasmuch as Bayliffe did purchase Bishops-down, and the fields thereof now wave with crops of " goodly corn." NOTE 3 (p. 301.) "Dr. Maton." This eminent physician was born in the year 1774, in the City of Salisbury. He was educated at Queen's College, Oxford. He subsequently became eminent in his profession, and practised with much success in the Metropolis. Dr. Maton was imbued with a thirst for knowledge, and an ardent love of research. He was a member of the principal Literary Societies. The public are indebted to him, in the early part of his life, for a pleasing work, in two vols. 8vo., entitled "Observations relative chiefly to the Natural History, Picturesque Scenery, and Antiquities of the Western Counties of England, made in the years 1794 and 1796." In the year 1805 he published a re-edition of "A General View of the Writings of Linnæus, by Richard Pulteney, M. D. F. R.S." To this work his own pen supplied the prefatory "Memoirs of Dr. Pulteney," drawn up in so pleasing a manner, that it renders it a cause for regret, that the literary world has not been gratified with further writings. It is stated by my friend, G, Matcham, Esq., in his able "History of the Hundred of Downton," (incorporated in Sir R. C. Hoare's" Modern Wilts,") that, prior to his death, Dr. Maton had purchased Redlynch House, in the parish of Downton. He proceeds to say, that he left behind him in MS. a view of the "Botany, and Natural History, of the Country in a circuit of 10 miles round Salisbury, purposely for the Modern History of Wilts, and I do not anticipate," Mr. M. |