This, with a cooling and antiphlogiftic plan of treatment, will usually prove fuccefsful. Duddell opened the veffels of the eye, by means of a brush made with the beards of barley, previous to ufing the warm water, and repeated the operation, if the inflammation and pain continued. He alfo covered the eye at night with the pulp of a roafted apple. Mr. Noble attributes the whole of the benefit received by the patients, to the application of the warm water.

In curing opthalmia, arifing from a deficiency of stimuli, and a confequent accumulation of the irritable principle, the beft ftimulants, the author fays, are caloric, applied by means of water; or pure alcohol, diluted with water; by the application of which, the accumulated irritable principle will be exhaufted. The mode of applying caloric, is by means of water heated beyond what is pleasant to the feel, into which the eye is to be immerfed. The author prefers a wine glafs, to the eyecup, for this operation, not only as containing a greater quantity of water, but as allowing the free motion of the eye-lids when immerfed. The author attributes the relief obtained from fomenting inflamed eyes with the decoction of camomile, poppies, &c. to the caloric, rather than to the other ingredients. In this manner the caloric is to be applied every ten minutes, until the pain abates. Where immersion cannot be complied with, as particularly with children, the eye must be fomented with cloths wrung out of hot water. The application of alcohol mixed with cold water, with or without camphor, is found to have an effect fimilar to heated water, by ftimulating the part, and thence exhaufting the irritability. The tincture of opium, which has been lately recommended, particularly by Mr. Ware, operates in the fame manner in curing inflammation of the eye. These stimulants, however, fhould not be applied, he says, in the firft ftage of opthalmia. The author has long ufed, and with marked fuccefs, a tincture of tobacco, rubbed freely on the part, in curing a particular fpecies of head-ach, frequently accompanying opthalmia. After this general account of the natural caufe, and treatment of opthalmia, he proceeds to give more particular directions for curing the difeafe, or for removing defects in the eye that may remain after the inflammation has fubfided; and concludes with reciting a number of cafes, illuftrative of his doctrine. Speaking of the various lotions or ointments that have acquired reputation in curing opthalmia, he cenfures thofe containing lapis calaminaris, tutia, zinc, &c. Thefe hard fubftances, even when minutely levigated, being more likely, by irritating the eye, to increase than cure the inflammation.

ART,

ART. VIII. Glig-Gamena Angel Deod; or, The Sports and Paftimes of the People of England; including the Rural and Domestic Recreations, May-Games, Mummeries, Pageants, Proceffions, and Pompous Spectacles, from the earliest Period ta the prefent Time: illuftrated by Engravings felected from ancient Paintings, in which are reprefented most of the Popular Diverfions. By feph Strutt. 4to. 351 pp. 21. 12s. 6d. coloured, Five Guineas. White. 1801.

WITH this interefting and curious publication we have been highly gratified; and we doubt not that our readers will partake of the fame entertainment with equal pleasure. To a philofophical mind, no object perhaps is more important than the minute investigation of antiquities and imagination always feels a pleasure, though a pleasure fometimes mixed with melancholy, in looking back upon the manners of elder days; in reflecting upon times and characters that are gone, never to return.

Mr. Strutt has here prefented the reader with a chronological exhibition of the fports and pallimes of our ancestors; and, in the course of his extenfive researches, illustrates many customs long fince obfolete, and feteral hiftorical obfcurities, hitherto sparingly or not at all explained. The variety of manufcript authorities, collected with equal induftry and judgment from private and public libraries, gives a peculiar interest to the volume; fpecifying many circumstances respecting our national manners, of which the knowledge could not elsewhere have been obtained. To the treafures in the Royal Library, and in the British Museum, and to the very curious collection of Mr. Douce, an able commentator on Shakspeare, Mr. Strutt appears to have been particularly indebted. The materials which compofe the volume are perfpicuously arranged; and, in a word, few parts of English antiquity have been more zealously or more fuccefsfully examined than the Sports and Paftimes of the People of England.

The work is divided into four Books, preceded by an Introduction; in which the author gives

"a general arrangement of the popular sports, paftimes, and mili tary games; together with the various fpectacles of mirth or fplendour, exhibited publicly or privately, for the fake of amufement, at different periods, in England."

In this Introduction, Mr. Strutt informs us that, as it is his intention in the following pages to confine himself as much as pollible to pofitive intelligence, he thall ftudiously endeavour

to

to avoid all controverfial and conjectural arguments; and fhall treat upon fuch paftimes only as have been practifed in this country: but that, as many of them originated on the continent, frequent digreffions, by way of illuftration, muft neceflarily occur, which he fhall, however, make it his bufinefs to render as concife as the nature of the fubject will permit them to be. His examination begins at the conqueft of Britain by the Romans, and is progreflively carried on, through the Saxon and Norman eras, to the days in which

Pomp, and feaft, and revelry,

With mask, and antique pageantry,"

were in the highest fashion; the days of the Eighth Henry, and of his daughter Elizabeth. He concludes his general examination by modeftly stating the plan purfued in the accomplishment of his elaborate design.

Having laid before my readers a general view of the fports and paftimes of our ancestors, I fhall proceed to arrange them under their proper heads, and allot to each of them a feparate elucidation. The task, in truth, is extremely difficult; and many omiffions, as well as many errors, muft of neceffity occur in the profecution of it; but none, I hope, of any great magnitude, nor more than candour will overlook, especially when it is recollected that, in variety of inftances, I have been constrained to proceed without any guide, and explore, as it were, the recesses of a trackless wilderness. I must alfo entreat the reader to excufe the frequent quotations he will meet with, which in general I have given verbatim; and this I have done for his fatisfac tion, as well as my own, judging it much fairer to and upon the authority of others, than to arrogate to myfelf the leaft degree of penetration to which I have no claim.

"It is neceffary to add, that the plates, which conftitute an effential part of this work, are not the produce of modern invention, neither do they contain a fingle figure that has not its proper authority. Moft of the originals are exceedingly ancient, and all the copies are faithfully made without the leaft unneceffary deviation. As fpecimens of the art of defign, they have nothing to recommend them to the modern eye, but as portraitures of the manners and ufages of our anceftors, in times remote, they are exceedingly valuable; because they not only elucidate many obfolete customs, but lead to the explanation of feveral obfcurities in the history of former ages."

We shall present our readers with the Contents of the four Books; together with a few remarks, adverting to fubjects contained in fome of the chapters. Of fuch a publication, the analyfis ought certainly to be complete. But it would far exceed the limits of our Review, if we were to defcant on the Contents of every chapter,

BOOK I.

BOOK I.

Rural Exercises practifed by Perfons of Rank.

Chap. I. Hunting more ancient than hawking.-State of hunting among the Britons.-The Saxons expert in hunting. -The Danes alfo. And the Normans.-Their tyrannical proceedings.-The Progrefs of this Sport.-Laws relating to hunting.-Hunting followed by the clergy. The manner in which they pursued this paftime. The English ladies fond of hunting. The privileges of the citizens of London to hunt.-Private privileges for hunting.-Two treatifes on hunting confidered.-The names of beafts to be hunted.--Wolves not all dellroyed in Edgar's time.-Degs for hunting.-Various methods of hunting.-Terms ufed in hunting.-Times when to hunt,

"Chap. II. Hawking practifed by the nobility-Its origin not well known. A favourite amufement with the Saxons.-A romantic ftory relative to hawking.-The Grand Falconer of France, his ftate and privileges.-Edward the third partial to hawking.-The ladies fond of hawking.-Its decline.-How it was performed.--The embellishments of the hawk.-Treatifes concerning hawking.-Laws refpecting hawks.-Their great value.-The different fpecies of these birds, and their appropriation.-Terms ufed in hawking-Fowling, and fishing. The ftalking korfe defcribed.--Lowbelling.

"Chap. III. Horfe-racing known to the Saxons.-Races in Smithfield, and why.-Races, when practifed.-The Chefter Races.Stamford races.--Value of running horfes.-Highly prized by the poets. Horfe-racing commended as a liberal paflime.-Charles the Second, and other monarchs, encouragers of horse racing.-Races Coleshill-heath. upon

Book II. Rural Exercifes generally practifed.

Chap. I. The English famous for their skill in archery.-The ufe of the bow known to the Saxons and the Danes.-The form of the Saxon bow.-Archery improved by the Normans.-The ladies fond of archery.-Obfervations relative to the crofs bow.-Its form, and the manner in which it was ufed.-Bows ordered to be kept.The decay of archery, and why.-Ordinances in its favour.-The fraternity of St. George eftablished.-The price of bows.-The néceffary utenfils for archery, and directions for its practice.The marks to fhoot at. The length of the bow and arrows.-Extraordinary performance of the archers.-The modern archers inferior to the ancient in long-fhooting.-The Duke of Shoreditch, why fo called.-Grand proceflion of the London archers. A good archer, why called Arthur.-Hand-guns, and other weapons of like kind.-Prizes given to the archers.

--

Chap. II. Slinging of flones an ancient art.-Known to the Saxons and the Normans.-How practifed of late years.-Throwing of weights and ftones with the hand.-Cafting of the bar and hammer. Of fpears.-Of quoits.-Swinging of dumb bells.-Footof bale.-Wrestling much practifed formerly.races. The game Prizes for. -How performed.-Swimming.-Sliding-Skating.Rowing.-Sailing.

"Chap. III,

"Chap. III. Hand-ball an ancient game.-The ball, where faid to be invented.-Ufed by the Saxons, and by the school-boys of London.-Tennis-courts erected.-Tennis fashionable in England.-A famous woman-player.-Hand-ball played for tanfy-cakes.-Fives.— Balloon-balls. Stool-ball. Hurling.-Foot-ball.-Camp-ball.

Goff-Cambuc.-Bandy-ball.-Stow-ball.-Pall-Mall.-Ring-ball. -Club-ball.-Cricket.-Trap-ball.-Northern-fpell.-Tip-cat."

Book III. Paftimes ufually exercifed in Towns and Cities, or Places adjoining to them.

Chap. I. Tournament a general name for feveral exercises.The quintain an ancient military exercife. Various kinds of quintain. The name, whence faid to be derived. The water-quintain defcribed. Running at the quintain practifed by the citizens of London. And why.-The manner in which it was performed.-Exhibited for the paftime of Queen Elizabeth.-Tilting at a water-butt. The human quintain.-Exercifes probably derived from it.-Running at the ring. Difference between the tournaments and the jufts.— Origin of the tournament.-The troy game.-The bohordicum, or cane game.-Derivation of the word tournament.-How it was performed. When firft practifed in England.-Its laws and ordinances. -Refpect paid to the ladies.-Jufts lefs honourable than tournaments. The round table.-The nature of the jufts.-Made in honour of the fair-fex.-Jufts and tournaments exhibited with great fplendour. The nobility partial to thefe fports, and why.-A challenge for both.

Chap. II. Ancient plays called miracles.-Taken from Scripture. Continued feveral days.--The Coventry play.-Myfteries defcribed. How enlivened.-Moralities defcribed.-The fool in plays, whence derived.-Secular plays.-Interludes.-Chaucer's definition of the tragedies of his time.-Plays performed in churches.-Cornish miracle. Plays.-Itinerant players, their evil characters.-Court plays. The play of Hock-Tuefday. Decline of fecular plays. Origin of puppet plays.-Nature of the performances.-Superfeded by pantomimes.-Moving pictures described."

The refinements of the prefent day will increafe the bulk of this chapter in a future edition. Phantasmagoria and Skiagraphema muft hereafter be admitted into the account of scenic amufements; and pofterity will be led to admire the ghostloving taste of their forefathers, as well as the "Greek invocations which called them into a circle!"

Chap. III. The British bards.-The Anglo-Saxon glee-men.The nature of their performances.--The harp an inftrument of mufic much used by the Saxons.-The Norman minstrels.-Their different denominations, and profeffions; greatly encouraged; their privileges, their infolence, their decline.-Flatterers of the great.-Satirifts.-Women minstrels.-The drefs of the minstrels.-The king of the minstrels,