Combating Terrorism: Enhancing Partnerships Through a National Preparedness Strategy. GAO-02-549T. Washington, D.C.: March 28, 2002. Combating Terrorism: Critical Components of a National Strategy to Enhance State and Local Preparedness. GAO-02-548T. Washington, D.C.: March 25, 2002. Combating Terrorism: Intergovernmental Partnership in a National Combating Terrorism: Key Aspects of a National Strategy to Enhance State and Local Preparedness. GAO-02-473T. Washington, D.C.: March 1, 2002. Combating Terrorism: Considerations for Investing Resources in Chemical and Biological Preparedness. GAO-01-162T. Washington, D.C.: October 17, 2001. Combating Terrorism: Selected Challenges and Related Recommendations. GAO-01-822. Washington, D.C.: September 20, 2001. Combating Terrorism: Actions Needed to Improve DOD's Antiterrorism Program Implementation and Management. GAO-01-909. Washington, D.C.: September 19, 2001. Combating Terrorism: Comments on H.R. 525 to Create a President's Council on Domestic Preparedness. GAO-01-555T. Washington, D.C.: May 9, 2001. Combating Terrorism: Observations on Options to Improve the Federal Response. GAO-01-660T. Washington, D.C.: April 24, 2001. Combating Terrorism: Comments on Counterterrorism Leadership and Combating Terrorism: FEMA Continues to Make Progress in Coordinating Preparedness and Response. GAO-01-15. Washington, D.C.: March 20, 2001. Combating Terrorism: Federal Response Teams Provide Varied Capabilities; Opportunities Remain to Improve Coordination. GAO-01-14. Washington, D.C.: November 30, 2000. Combating Terrorism: Need to Eliminate Duplicate Federal Weapons of Mass Destruction Training. GAO/NSIAD-00-64. Washington, D.C.: March 21, 2000. Combating Terrorism: Observations on the Threat of Chemical and Biological Terrorism. GAO/T-NSIAD-00-50. Washington, D.C.: October 20, 1999. Combating Terrorism: Need for Comprehensive Threat and Risk Combating Terrorism: Observations on Growth in Federal Programs. Combating Terrorism: Analysis of Potential Emergency Response Equipment and Sustainment Costs. GAO-NSIAD-99-151. Washington, D.C.: June 9, 1999. Combating Terrorism: Use of National Guard Response Teams Is Unclear. GAO/NSIAD-99-110. Washington, D.C.: May 21, 1999. Combating Terrorism: Observations on Federal Spending to Combat Terrorism. GAO/T-NSIAD/GGD-99-107. Washington, D.C.: March 11, 1999. Combating Terrorism: Opportunities to Improve Domestic Preparedness Program Focus and Efficiency. GAO-NSIAD-99-3. Washington, D.C.: November 12, 1998. Combating Terrorism: Observations on the Nunn-Lugar-Domenici Domestic Preparedness Program. GAO/T-NSIAD-99-16. Washington, D.C.: October 2, 1998. Combating Terrorism: Threat and Risk Assessments Can Help Prioritize and Target Program Investments. GAO/NSIAD-98-74. Washington, D.C.: April 9, 1998. Combating Terrorism: Spending on Governmentwide Programs Requires Better Management and Coordination. GAO/NSIAD-98-39. Washington, D.C.: December 1, 1997. Public Health Homeland Security: New Department Could Improve Coordination but may Complicate Public Health Priority Setting. GAO-02-883T. Washington, D.C.: June 25, 2002. Bioterrorism: The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Role in 2001. Bioterrorism: Review of Public Health and Medical Preparedness, GAO-02149T. Washington, D.C.: October 10, 2001. Bioterrorism: Public Health and Medical Preparedness. GAO-02-141T. Bioterrorism: Coordination and Preparedness. GAO-02-129T. Washington, Bioterrorism: Federal Research and Preparedness Activities. GAO-01-915. Chemical and Biological Defense: Improved Risk Assessments and West Nile Virus Outbreak: Lessons for Public Health Preparedness. Need for Comprehensive Threat and Risk Assessments of Chemical and Biological Attacks. GAO/NSIAD-99-163. Washington, D.C.: September 7, 1999. Chemical and Biological Defense: Program Planning and Evaluation Combating Terrorism: Observations on Biological Terrorism and Public Disaster Assistance Budget and Management Grant Design 544017 Disaster Assistance: Improvement Needed in Disaster Declaration Criteria and Eligibility Assurance Procedures. GAO-01-837. Washington, D.C.: August 31, 2001. FEMA and Army Must Be Proactive in Preparing States for Emergencies. Federal Emergency Management Agency: Status of Achieving Key Managing for Results: Progress in Linking Performance Plans with Budget Managing for Results: Federal Managers' Views on Key Management Issues Determining Performance and Accountability Challenges and High Risks. Managing for Results: Using the Results Act to Address Mission Government Restructuring: Identifying Potential Duplication in Federal Missions and Approaches. GAO/T-AIMD-95-161. Washington, D.C.: June 7, 1995. Grant Programs: Design Features Shape Flexibility, Accountability, and Performance Information. GAO/GGD-98-137. Washington, D.C.: June 22, 1998. Federal Grants: Design Improvements Could Help Federal Resources Go Block Grants: Issues in Designing Accountability Provisions. GAO/AIMD95-226. Washington, D.C.: September 1, 1995. Mr. HORN. Thank you. We will have 5 minutes for Ms. Schakowsky. Ms. SCHAKOWSKY. Thank you, Mr. Chairman. Ms. Hecker, I think a lot of the questions that you raise and the concerns that you raise put everything in an important context and a framework. What do they say about field of dreams? "Build it and they will come?" No, we create it and it will work is not necessarily the case and so it is important, I agree, to have a strategy. The issue that I did raise in my opening statement and others can comment too-the non-security functions, I am very concerned about and I am concerned about it from Chicago's relationship to the Coast Guard and search and rescue and recreational boating and all those things that we are concerned about. Concerned about it from the seamless standpoint, although I think you made a pretty compelling case on why those functions are more consistent than I had originally thought about. I am concerned about the INS in the Chicago area where we have so many immigrants. The service component is a very different mission from the law enforcement component and right now the entire INS is scheduled to go in. There is an argument that some will make that this is the government gravy train right now, and if you do not get in it, you are out of it altogether, and that might be rationale enough to say let us put all the functions in, because if something is going to give, it is not going to be the Department of Homeland Security. And so I am wondering if you are going to in a systematic wayGAO in a systematic way is going to be looking at these non-security functions to help guide us in what may be a better organizational structure or make some recommendations about all the things you said, the goals and measures and indicators and appropriate tools, etc. I am concerned in our rush to do this, that we do not take these things into consideration. Do you want to respond, or any of the others respond-the Coast Guard or FEMA. Ms. HECKER. I can briefly answer that. When the Comptroller General testified last week, he laid out a set of criteria to try to assist the Congress in their deliberations of how you assess what is in, what is out. And he talked about a set of criteria that could be used. This is moving so fast that we have not been asked to try to apply those criteria ourselves to some of those departments, but I am sure at your request or any committee, we would work with you to try to do that. I know the schedule in the House is short and there is a vote in the next few weeks or at least that is the schedule. So this is moving very quickly. I think the upshot of the Comptroller General's concern was yes, this is urgent, but there is also merit in moving cautiously. And it is not for us to speak to the agenda that the Congress has set, but these are very significant questions and even though, of course, there can be refinements like there was for years with the DOD or other areas, the importance of this is to at least get the ideas correct and the concept correct because we cannot have any lost time here. When you think of the whole TSA activity and the aggressive schedule thereon, nobody can lose a beat here. So getting the right |