The estimates for the fiscal year 1954 are much less than one-half of the expenditures of 5 years ago. The estimates include the continued support of programs in Western Europe, the greater part for refugee welfare, and for expansion to the countries in the Middle East dependent upon agreements with the participating governments providing duty-free entry and interior transport of supplies. Such agreements are intended to supplement point 4 programs. TABLE II.-Fiscal year 1954 budget estimates and program-Ocean freight voluntary relief supplies, under terms of sec. 117 (c) of ECA Act of 1948 and sec. 535 of Mutual Security Act of 1951 1 Reduction not primarily in changes in voluntary agency programs but due to reduction in authorization ceiling for fiscal year 1953. 2 Parcel post subsidies terminated to all countries Mar. 31, 1953, a saving of $316,500 for the fiscal year. Parcel post subsidies cost 4.4 cents a pound compared to 1.75 cents for voluntary bulk shipments. * 19 agencies will participate-American Friends Service Committee, American Jewish Joint Distribution Committee, American ORT Federation, American Middle East Relief, Brethren Service Committee, CARE, Inc., Church World Service, Congregational Christian Service Committee, Foster Parents' Plan for War Children, Greek War Relief Association, Hadassah, International Rescue Committee, Lutheran World Relief, Mennonite Central Committee, Near East Foundation, Save the Children Federation, Unitarian Service Committee, United Lithuanian Relief Fund of America, War Relief Services National Catholic Welfare Conference. Sec. 117 (c) of the ECA Act of 1948 applies only to shipments to "participating countries under the Economic Cooperation Act." Sec. 535 of the Mutual Security Act of 1951 authorized extension to countries eligible for economic and technical assistance. In addition to Western Europe this permits extension to India, Pakistan, Israel and the Arab States to supplement point 4 programs. This extension and the availability of 90 million pounds of dried milk by the Department of Agriculture accounts for the increase of $439,000 over fiscal year 1953. But the cost may be less than the authorization in view of shift from Western Europe to the East and dependence upon eastern countries like the West to provide free customs entry and defrayment of interior transportation costs; and, too, the adequateness of the voluntary agencies' budgets to carry the domestic freight charges in view of the speculative nature of the public's contributions. Shipments to Korea do not fall within the provisions of the Mutual Security Program. However, the programs of the voluntary agencies are for obvious reasons assuming such proportions that it is desirable to invite attention to the present situation. The agencies must bear the expenses of the collections from source to United States dockside. An exception is in the case of countrywide campaigns for used clothing and other relief articles of general use where the domestic expense is borne by allocations from the community chests through the United Defense Fund. From dockside the Army takes title and transports any supplies which are for general distribution through the UNCACK pipeline. Where the voluntary supplies are in support of designated institutions or projects in Korea the agencies must bear the ocean freight costs as well. In the case of special projects which are a direct part of UNCACK or UNKRA programs the ocean freight may be paid. The voluntary agencies can expand their programs to meet the increasing social necessities in Korea if they can enjoy the same financial assistance with respect to transportation costs that they now enjoy under the Mutual Security Program. 33064-53-74 TABLE III-Advisory Committee on Voluntary Foreign Aid, Department of State-Cumulative summary of commodities offered for general distribution in Korea through UNCACK by United States nongovernmental agencies (September 1950 through April 1953) Agricultural rehabilitation: Brethren Service Commission--Heifer project (210,000 hatching eggs, 100 goats, 300 pigs) Total. Educational-vocational supplies and equipment: Committee for a Free Asia.. Save the Children Federation. Other (including undesignated donors). Total.. Miscellaneous children's supplies: Save the Children Federation. Other (including undesignated donors). Total. Grand total. 542 330, 050 126, 419 1 Includes shoes, new and used clothing, blankets, and bedding. ? Totals shown for AR K include donations from its member agencies as follows through Mar. 31, 1953 These amounts are in addition to the totals shown in the summary for each of these agencies. 3 Includes bandages, medicines, and soap. Includes newsprint, school kits, and tents. TABLE IV-Advisory Committee on Voluntary Foreign Aid, Department of State-Cumulative summary of relief shipments made by American voluntary agencies to designated consignees in Korea (SOP 16) (November 1952 through March 1953) Mr. WOOD. We have present Mr. Joseph Henderson of the State Department who testified a short while ago in connection with the United Nations Korean Reconstruction Agency request, and Dr. Martha Eliot, who is the United States representative on the Executive Board of the Children's Fund. They will speak to the Children's Fund. should like to call on them now, pointing out before they start, that this would leave one other item to cover, namely, chapter 3 of the bill, which deals with special weapons planning. Chairman CHIPERFIELD. We want to have some testimony on that, I believe, Mr. Wood. I have discussed this matter with several members of the committee. They wonder why it can't be done under the Armed Services Committee and the appropriations that are made in that field. We seem to have added $250 million to this bill for special weapons with no apparent connection with what we are doing in the regular program. I for one feel very seriously that it may belong in that other field. Mr. WOOD. I shall be glad when we finish the Children's Fund testimony to attempt to explain the reasons why this request was included in this bill. I am prepared to do that this morning. Shall we proceed with the Children's Fund? Chairman CHIPERFIELD. Very well. Mr. Henderson, do you care to proceed with a statement? FURTHER STATEMENT OF JOSEPH S. HENDERSON, DIVISION OF INTERNATIONAL ADMINISTRATION, BUREAU OF UNITED NATIONS AFFAIRS Mr. HENDERSON. I have a prepared statement which, if I may, I shall submit for the record and then comment briefly on the program. I welcome this opportunity to appear before your committee to present the reasons why the United States should continue to support an international children's welfare program, and to review briefly for you the program and accomplishments of the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund-UNICEF-since its inception: UNICEF was established by the United Nations General Assembly in December 1946 to help relieve the suffering and misery of children throughout the world, resulting from the devastation of the war. During its first 4 years the fund's resources were devoted largely to meeting the emergency needs of children in Europe for food, clothing, and medical attention. By the end of 1950 UNICEF had provided approximately $113,425,000 in aid to children. Of this amount, 78 percent was for this emergency relief. With respect to geographic distribution, 76 percent went to Europe. In December 1950 the General Assembly voted to extend UNICEF for 3 more years, through December 31, 1953. During this period, largely as the result of the efforts of the United States, the program emphasis has shifted from the emergency mass feeding and care of war victims in Europe, to assisting underdeveloped countries in Asia, Africa, and Latin America in the development of local maternity and child welfare programs with lasting benefits. From 1951 through March 1953 the fund approved approximately $29,360,000 for all projects, of which 68 percent was for long-range programs in underdeveloped countries. The United States has given strong support and leadership to the UNICEF program from the beginning. To date the United States has contributed a total of $87,416,667 to the fund. The executive branch is requesting $9,814,333, in addition to the $6,666,667 previously appropriated and contributed, for contribution to the UNICEF program through December 31, 1953. The $9,814,333 has already been authorized by the Congress for this purpose but not yet appropriated. Sixty-three governments and hundreds of thousands of individuals all over the world have also made substantial contributions to enable the fund to carry out its program of aid to children. The total funds made available to UNICEF have, under agreements with the countries receiving aid, been more than matched by the recipient countries themselves. As a result of these combined efforts, UNICEF has become an outstanding symbol of a successful United Nations activity. To millions of persons, many in remote areas of the world, its concrete benefits in feeding and clothing children and protecting them from disease, have conveyed the real meaning of international cooperation through the United Nations in tangible and understandable terms. The United Nations General Assembly will consider the future status of the Children's Fund this fall, at which time it will determine the nature and substance of any new international children's welfare program for the period beginning January 1, 1954. The executive branch believes that it is in the interest of the United States, for political as well as humanitarian reasons, to continue its financial support of international children's welfare work. The executive branch is therefore requesting an amount of $9 million as a contribution in calendar year 1954. This amount is an approximation of the average amounts which the United States has contributed to UNICEF during the past 3 years, or which have been authorized for contribution. Much has been accomplished by the Children's Fund in the past. There is much more to be done in the future. Of the approximately 900 million children under the age of 15 in the world, an estimated 500 million live in economically underdeveloped areas. The surface of their needs has only been scratched. When projects now underway are completed, approximately 60 million children will have been reached by UNICEF in 69 countries and territories. Many governments, with UNICEF aid, are initiating or expanding child welfare programs of their own. Further assistance must be given these governments if their initial efforts are to culminate in the development of effective permanent programs which can be carried on without outside aid. It is our hope, therefore, that the Congress will give its support to the request of $9 million for contribution to a further program of international children's welfare work. Mr. HENDERSON. The United Nations' Children's Emergency Fund has been operating since 1947. In 1950 the United Nations took the decision to extend the life of the fund through December of this calendar year. I mention this only because there will need to be a decision this summer before the Economic and Social Council of the United Nations as to the nature, scope, and content of a new program beginning January 1, 1954. It is for that reason that it is difficult to talk about the $9 million requested in terms of a UNICEF program because the decision as to what the new program will be has not yet been made. We act on the assumption and anticipation, however, based on the information coming to us from other governments as well as our own feeling, that this new program of international children's welfare work will be substantially the same as the current UNICEF program. The $9 million for which authorization is requested was arrived at by taking an approximation of the level of the United States support for UNICEF during recent years. If I may, Mr. Chairman, I would like to comment later on as to the administration of this pledge if it is favorably received, but at the moment if I may call upon Dr. Eliot, whom I am sure is known to some of you as the head of the Children's Bureau of the Department of Health, Education and Welfare, and who is the United States representative to the Executive Board of UNICEF. Mr. VORYS. May I have just one question: I thought that the UNICEF was to wind up as of December 31, 1952. Mr. HENDERSON. No, sir, 1953. Mr. VORYS. When was that action taken? Mr. HENDERSON. That was in 1950, to extend it for a 3-year period, beginning January 1, 1951 through December 31, 1953. STATEMENT OF DR. MARTHA ELIOT, UNITED STATES REPRESENTATIVE ON THE EXECUTIVE BOARD OF UNICEF Dr. ELIOT. I appreciate very much being given the opportunity to appear here in support of this item for extending the authorization in behalf of this international organization that is commonly known as |