The Coal Exporters Association has been most happy to note that the European Defense Community in its most recent report has indicated substantial improvements due to the operation of the Schuman plan.

The Coal Exporters Association of the United States, Inc., is only too happy to support the administration's request for funds for the next fiscal year not only for Europe but for all of the other countries as well, and while we realize that the sum of $5,800,000,000 represents a substantial contribution, it still is a reduction of $1,800,000,000 from the amount that was estimated by the previous administration as necessary for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1954.

We believe that if we are to maintain a free world the United States must play its part until such time as the free world is able to stand on its feet.

We believe the countries of Europe, since the beginning of the Foreign Aid Assistance Act of 1948, have shown a material improvement, and we in the coal industry know that the countries of Europe and the United Kingdom, which have increased their production from 396 million tons in 1948 to 472 million tons in 1952, have been trying to help themselves, and we are confident that there will be a continued improvement in the years to come. However, until such time as the free world is able to stand on its feet, we think that the administration is fully justified in lending its monetary support to all the countries for which they have requested dollar aid. Therefore, we ask that your committee report out the full amount now requested.

1 Figures for France do not include "high volatile coal" of Provence, lignite from Hostensand small lignite mines.

Source: From reports of the Organization for European Economic Cooperation.

EXHIBIT 2

United States overseas exports of bituminous coal by continental groups, years 1946-52, and comparison between January-February-March 1952 and 1953

EXHIBIT No. 3

United States overseas exports of bituminous coal by countries of destination and continental groups

EXHIBIT No. 4

Single trip vessel rates on coal from Atlantic ports by months from January 1951 to May 1953

Source: From reports of W. W. Battie & Co., Inc., Coal Trade Freight Report.

STATEMENT OF MRS. GUIDO PANTALEONI, JR., CHAIRMAN OF UNITED STATES COMMITTEE FOR UNICEF (UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN'S FUND)

I am speaking on behalf of the United States Committee for UNICEF. For over 6 years we have been closely examining the operations of the United Nations Children's Emergency Fund (UNICEF). In Asia, in Latin America, in the Middle East and in Africa we have been witnessing the slow but steady inroads on disease, on poverty, on malnutrition that UNICEF, in collaboration with World Health and other appropriate agencies has been making in some 75 countries and territories. UNICEF has stimulated underdeveloped countries to tackle some of their own chronic problems which have beset successive generations of children. These countries, in turn, have emphasized their support of UNICEF by increasing their own contributions to the world-wide work of UNICEF.

We believe that by assisting governments to give a proper start to those children who survive the unbelievable hardships of life in backward areas, we are making the first step toward the economic stabilization of the governments themselves. We realize that disease knows no boundaries; and that is the underdeveloped countries there is apt to be an almost superstitious resistance to health measures, such as inoculations against tuberculosis, DDT spraying for malaria control, and so on. We are gratified to see that UNICEF is helping break down this resistance. In many instances, the agent responsible for building confidence among the people is dried skimmed milk, which is provided chiefly by the United States and Canada out of surplus supplies. In numerous Latin American countries, for example, young mothers have been participating in UNICEF nutrition demonstration projects. The mothers are beginning to see healthly color flow into the faces of their children. They rightly attribute this improvement to the

milk. They are losing their fear of the outsiders and patiently and willingly are lining up their children for the erstwhile dread innoculations. The incidence and spread of contagious diseases are being cut down. Beside teaching adults the value of milk as a protective food, therefore, UNICEF is using it as a catalyst for expanded child health, nutrition, and welfare programs.

It is our experience that all over the world it is the United States which receives the major credit for the UNICEF programs. Since it is the United States which made possible the existence of the children's fund we are proud of this fact, although we are reminded that 63 other governments have made contributions and that on a per capita basis we are seventh on the list of contributors. From a domestic angle it is our immediate experience that of all international bodies, there does not exist a more popular one among the people of the United States than UNICEF, as soon as our public becomes aware of its existence. This fact is born out most recently by the Tri-City Conference on UNICEF which was held in April in California which resulted in unanimous support for UNICEF by the thousands of prominent citizens of California who participated.

In addition, the conference met with acclaim from the local west coast press which expressed enthusiasm for UNICEF although heretofore it has been indifferent, not to say hostile, to the United Nations as a whole.

Another symptom of how easy it is to enlist public support for the Children's Fund has been evident in the reaction to the Halloween project known as "trick or treats." This was a spontaneous experiment initiated by a Presbyterian church group in Wisconsin to turn children's destructive energy into constructive channels. Instead of asking for pennies for themselves, children ask for pennies for less privileged children in other lands. This project snowballed across the country, and though the financial result was not large, the educational value was great. The effect on the thousands of parents was particularly marked since the first time these adults became aware of an international effort to help other countries develop child-aid programs.

From a political standpoint, we are conscious that forces hostile to the United States are ready to exploit the emotional appeal of the child in need if we fail to bring aid to the child through proven and established channels. This very situation arose in April 1952, at a time when we were delaying on a United States contribution for UNICEF, and the eastern block of European countries convened in Vienna ostensibly to discuss the raising of living standards for the world's children. It is alleged that 60 countries attended this conference and were proselytized with consequent injury to the reputation of our Government.

We felt regret at the last meeting of the executive board of UNICEF in March, when $5 million of new money was allocated for UNICEF programs and this sum included no United States contribution. Because of the fine record achieved by UNICEF, because of the good will we accrue by supporting it, because as parents we do not wish some day to be faced by our children and be accused of letting down our neighbors-whom the time and space-shrinking inventions of science are bringing practically into our own backyard, for these and many other reasons we believe we should give unqualified endorsement to an extension of UNICEF's mandate. We believe we should implement this endorsement by authorizing for 1954 a contribution recognized by the Congress as an equitable one. It was the intent of the Congress, expressed in legislation by the 82d Congress, that such a contribution does not exceed one-third of the total target budget of allocations. Since the total cost of UNICEF projects comes to $45 million (including internal matching of aided countries) the proportionate share from the United States, therefore, comes to over $14 million.

We take pride in the generally favorable response of the Congress to the work of UNICEF, and are certain that our Congress shares our belief that it is in the best interests of the United States to give vigorous leadership in this moving

cause.

STATEMENT OF AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF UNIVERSITY WOMEN IN SUPPORT OF APPROPRIATIONS FOR INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN'S WELFARE WORK

In behalf of the American Association of University Women, the international relations committee of the association strongly urges passage of the MSA Extension Act, which authorizes an item of $9 million earmarked for international child welfare work, as well as the passage of the deficiency appropriations bill for UNICEF involving the sum of $9,814,000.

Careful study of the UNICEF Executive Board's report of March 19, 1953 convinces us that the work of the Emergency Fund must continue. Our conviction is based on the following considerations:

1. The emergency for which the fund was created has not ended. In a recently published statement, Maurice Pate, Executive Director of UNICEF, said: "What struck me most forcefully on a recent trip to Asia was this: Disease among children there today constitutes a greater emergency than the devastated areas of Europe after the war."

2. There is no channel less partisan than UNICEF for the relief of the needs of children, just as there is no area of any society less partisan and less political than the lives of its children. The sincerity of United States devotion to the humanitarian principles governing its domestic life can best be demonstrated on the international level through the channel of the United Nations Fund. 3. United States failure to subscribe to UNICEF can but lead to misunderstanding abroad. If the wealthiest Nation of the world begins an economy drive by withdrawing its support from UNICEF, that Nation can anticipate the scorn and the suspicion of the rest of the world. To forfeit international respect and goodwill in order to save a sum less than $20 million is to indulge in false economy. 4. No United Nations agency or affiliate has a more impressive list of concrete accomplishments to its credit, but many of the children for whom the fund was set up in 1946 are now adults, and the relief of their needs cannot alleviate those of their successors.

Both because humanitarian considerations require it and because the reputation of the United States for international probity demands it, we beg the immediate passage of the aforesaid appropriations bills for UNICEF and for international child welfare work.

ANNE GARY PANNELL, Chairman.

MARGARET M. BALL.

BARBARA EVANS.

ELIZABETH L. FACKT.

LUCILE DEEN PINKHAM.

MINNIE MILLER.