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ants, who have emigrated thither from this country. How this civil war will end is only known to the Almighty Ruler of the Universe. We feel for our fellowcountrymen who have left their native land with the hope of improving their circumstances, but who now find themselves involved in the horrors of intestine war. Considering the conduct of the government of this country, in depressing the truth of God in Canada and directly supporting popery, we are not surprised at the punishment we are now receiving. Popery is a curse to every country wherever it is tolerated; and this country has always felt it to be so, wherever it has directly encouraged it. We hope that good will be brought out of the evil, and that we shall be less disposed in future to nurse the serpent which would sting us to death.

The chief business of the Parliament hitherto, has been about the Civil List Bill, which secures to Her Majesty £385,000 per annum, to support the honour and dignity of the Crown.

Matters regarding the Church are proceeding much as usual, in a direction more hostile than otherwise. Lord J. Russell stated that notwithstanding the grievances inflicted upon the Clergy and Churchmen, by the Registration of Births, Deaths, and Marriage acts, no intention was entertained of repealing, or even of amending them. He also stated that he should move for a Committee to examine into the administration of the revenues of the Church lands, with a view of squeezing out of them enough to substitute for Church-rates. The Church has nothing to expect from the Whigs, but oppression and persecution.

NOTICE TO READERS AND CORRESPONDENTS.

THE Letters of "A Lay Member of the Church of England," are so tremendously long, and require so much correction, that it is impossible to find room for them.

Our friend who signs himself " A constant reader and admirer of the Churchman," and who gave us his name, is informed, that we took proper steps to put an end to the evil of which he justly complains; and, that the shameful tract he sent us, is to be called in and destroyed. Under these circumstances, we think it better not to insert his letter, as the object of it has been accomplished. We shall always be glad to hear from him.

Our old friend "Z," is under consideration.

His letter should not have been crossed, as, should it be inserted, it must be transcribed, which occupies too much time. We hope often to hear from him.

We thank "Amicus," but he should have given us his name.

"A sincere well-wisher to ourselves and the cause of Church and Queen," shall be attended to.

Why did not " Alpha Beta," give us his name, and tell us what sum of money he would place at our disposal to be given in books as a prize for the best "Antidissenting Hymn or Hymns?" We shall be happy to receive the money, and to dispose of it to the best of our judgment.

AS THE CHURCHMAN is now considerably enlarged we shall have room for a much greater quantity of matter, and beg, therefore, to solicit literary contributions, which may tend to illustrate and defend the Church against popery on the one hand, and dissent on the other. Short biographies of eminent divines, and any articles, instructive and interesting, will be gladly received.

The arrangements for enlarging THE CHURCHMAN were not determined on until it was too late to mention the alteration in the last number. An excellent Portrait of His Grace the Archbishop of Canterbury will be given in our next number, and will be succeeded by others.

Vols. I. II. III. of the First Series of THE CHURCHMAN may be had complete, in cloth boards, Price 8s. the set.

All Communications to be addressed (post paid), to "The Editor of THE CHURCHMAN, 342, Strand, London.”

Advertisements from the country must be accompanied by a reference for payment in London.

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THE MOST REVP WILLIAM HOWLEY, D. D. LORD ARCHBISHOP OF CANTERBURY.

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BRIEF HISTORICAL SKETCH OF THE PROVINCE OF
CANTERBURY.

THE names of the individuals by whom Christianity was introduced into Britain and the exact date of its introduction, are alike involved in some little uncertainty. It is however indisputable that it flourished here while the Roman power was dominant, and extended to every part of South Britain, or England.

Some ecclesiastical writers have supposed that Britain was then divided into three Provinces, or Archbishopricks; the seats of the archbishops being, respectively, London, York, and Caerleon.

On the withdrawal of the Roman authority, the Saxons invaded the north eastern and eastern parts of south Britain; and after driving the British Christians into the western parts, ultimately succeeded in establishing themselves in the island. The Saxons were pagans, and Christianity was preached to them, and great numbers of them were converted to the faith by British, Scottish, and Irish Bishops and other Clergy, long before the arrival of Augustine, the monk, sent hither by the Bishop of Rome, in 596, to bring over the Christians of the country rather to popery, which was then in embryo, than to Christianity, which multitudes of them had already embraced. Bertha, the Queen of Ethelbert, was a Christian, and had for her chaplain Bishop Luidhard, who, with his people, worshipped at St. Martin's Church, Canterbury, before the arrival of Augustine, the popish emissary. Gregory, Bishop of Rome, appointed Augustine Archbishop of Canterbury, and gave him supremacy over all the bishops of the British Church, whom he summoned to a conference with him, and from whom he exacted obedience. The British bishops justly treated his demands with dignified contempt; whereupon Augustine, in the true spirit of popery, instigated Ethelfrid, King of Northumberland, to a crusade against the native British Christains, wherein multitudes of them were destroyed. Notwithstanding this, however, the British bishops remained independent of Augustine and his successors, and the pope, for centuries afterwards.

According to Gregory's plan, Augustine was to appoint twelve bishops

VOL. IV. E

in his own province, to send a bishop to York, and to ordain twelve bishops as suffragans to the sec of York, when the northern Britons had embraced Augustine's edition of Christianity. Pope Gregory also directed that, during Augustine's life, he should be primate in both provinces, and also have jurisdiction over those bishops who, with their flocks, had been driven into Cornwall and Wales. He further ordered, that after Augustine's death, the metropolitical see should be removed from Canterbury to London, and that the Archbishops of London and York should, after that event, take precedency according to the seniority of their consecration.

This plan was not executed, for Canterbury has continued to be the Ecclesiastical metropolis, instead of London, and its archbishops exercised primatial jurisdiction over the province of York for a considerable period, Archbishop Theodore having deposed Chad and Wilfrid, and even divided the see of York into four bishopricks.

An important alteration was made in the province during the primacy of Archbishop Lambert. Offa, King of Mercia, induced Pope Adrian I. to make Lichfield, which was his capital, an archbishoprick, and to place the Bishops of Worcester, Hereford, Leicester, Sydnacester, Elmliam, and Dunwich, under his authority; leaving only London, Winchester, Rochester, and Sherburn, as suffragans to the Archbishop of Canterbury. This division of the province existed but for a short period; the province of Lichfield having been suppressed during the archiepiscopate of Lambert's

successor.

The celebrated Archbishop Lanfranc had a dispute with Thomas, Archbishop of York, relative to the primacy, which was settled by the king in council in favour of the see of Canterbury.

According to Sir James Ware, Lanfranc was also acknowledged as metropolitan by the bishops who resided in that part of Ireland, which was then subject to England. Donat, who was appointed archbishop of Dublin in 1085, making the following acknowledgment of subjection. "I, Donat, bishop of the see of Dublin, do promise canonical obedience to you, O Lanfranc, Archbishop of the holy Church of Canterbury, and to your successors."

During the period that the English monarchs were kings of France, the Archbishop of Canterbury was also metropolitan of Normandy, Gascony, and Aquitaine

The province of Canterbury originally comprised the whole of England and Wales, and according to some writers, Scotland and the Isles, but the primatial authority over Scotland was only nominal. The bishoprick of Sodor and Mann, however, was included in that province, till 1542, when it was transferred to the province of York.

In 625, York was made an archbishoprick, by Edwin, King of Northumberland; but the Archbishop of Canterbury exercised ecclesiastical jurisdiction over the see of York for a considerable time after that date.

The first bishoprick established in the present province of Canterbury, was London, of which Mellitus was appointed bishop by Augustine, in 604. That city had, under the Romans and Britons, been an archbishoprick from about 160 to 586, when Theonus, the last archbishop, fled from the Saxons into Wales.

The bishoprick of Rochester was founded in 605, and Dorchester in

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