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and insurances, we know the temptation is so great, that we do not continue them; for, let us be as careful as possible, they can rob us of 25. to 49. a day, and if we know they are guilty, we turn them out of employ directly.

The butchers, the bakers, and other trades men dealing in the necessaries of life, who depend for their subsistence on the money which is laid out by the labouring poor, this order of persons take less money every week during the time that the lottery is drawing, including one week before it begins, and two or three weeks afterwards; and even the publicans find this.

and the numerous evils and losses I have spoke of from the lottery, I cannot avoid drawing the conclusion.

The women of the townare great insurers in the lottery, and their misery is much aggra vated by it. We frequently have females come to us, when the head of the family has lived in comfort and reputation, and all of a sudden they are in ruin, the husband gone, the children in rags. If you ask the reason, they can assign no reason. We have now and then had an instance of a man who would candidly own that his wife had insured, that she had pawned every thing, but that is what they will not often do. If you come to con Do you believe that there is such a propen-sider the number of paupers, and the great sity to gambling among the lower classes of the losses of tradesmen, of butchers, bakers, and people of this country, with which you are others, the loss is on the whole very consiacquainted, as to lead you to suppose, that if derable. They look upon the lottery as one the lottery were entirely done away they of the greatest calamities, and they would' would have recourse to some other, mode of think it one of the greatest blessings to get rid gaming-By no means. The labouring of it. There is not a place where I have inpoor will go to a public-house, where they quired in which I have not heard of one, two, may have a game at bowls, and play for a or three instances of the misery resulting from halfpenny or a penny a game; but they do insurance. I heard only last night, from a not lose 6d. a night. But the insurance has baker, of an example of the kind: a gentlebeen much more destructive among the wo- man was a respectable clerk in a house of men. They have opportunties of doing it trade, his wife has gone and insured, and she privately, so that the husbands can get no is between £50 and £60 in debt.-Mr. knowledge of it; and when they are embarked, William Hale, Treasurer to the Poor's their poverty will be discovered; and they Rates Spitalfields. are tempted to go further to bring back what they have lost,

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There is no circumstance which conduces so much as the lottery to make the lower orders of the people bad wives, bad husbands, bad children, and bad servants. I know no one thing which has been productive of so many evils, and of so much suicide as the lottery. A brother of a person in Wapping is clerk to a merchant in London-wall, and has been in the habit of collecting debts for his master. This man chose to try his fortune in the lottery; and after spending all he had, he was tempted to take part of the money with which he was entrusted. This was in the last lottery; his master found it out, and on looking over his accounts, they were minus 150, and the man was sent to the Poultry Compter. The person in Wapping, and an elder brother and sister were obliged to pay fifty pounds each, to prevent, his suffering as for a capital offence.

I hope I shall not be obliged to mention. the names; I have known the plate of the family come into my hands, and they could not renew the payments; and I have been informed, that they were obliged to lose all.

It is a lady; she was so infatuated that she would presevere, saying she hoped to ge her own back, and it has unfortunately been the reverse. I recollect some few years back, (five years ago) a person, whose wife had made away with almost every thing. He was collector of the various taxes in Clement's Inn, and from the distress he was driven to by the misconduct of his wife, he threw him self into the New River.

Do you apprehend that the Little Goes are regulated by the Lottery chances, and that they are only employed during the Lottery? I believe not, but the officers in Bow

street know.

During the time of the drawing of the Lotteries, do you find your business increase t

I have conversed with several persons who have had to do with parochial concerns, and-Always. they all agree in the beggary produced from this cause. I have thought a great deal of it, and I am convinced that, independently of the depravity and guilt it occasions, there is nore lost than gained by the lottery to go

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Is it a business of that description that it does not increase at other periods?-Pretty near the regular quarter-days we have an increase, after that we have, an influx of money

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Are the pledges made during the period of the drawing of the Lottery of a description different from those of other periods?-We get such goods then as we do not see all the year round."

What sort of goods?Superior goods, as coming from better families; and I do think the Lottery has been the occasion of it.

We have a person insane in our mad-house, from the excesses she had gone to in the Lottery; she had made away with all that could be moved. The husband forgave her, and on account of this forgiveness, a lenity she did not expect, she became insane Hector Essex, Pawnbroker in the Strand.

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SUPPRESSION OF INSURANCE.

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The object of government is the happiness of the people; and every mean that can be employed to attain this object,: it is the duty of government to employ, But the happiness of the people can never be established, without striet and constant attention to morals, as well private as public. The evidence we have seen proves beyond the possibility of denial, that, the WHEN I HAVE PUT THE QUESTION TO morals of the people have greatly suffered MALEFACTORS, WHAT FIRST DROVE YOU Ovg you by the evils attending Lotteries. And, beTO CRIME? THE ANSWER HAS BEEN, IT yond expectation these evils appear to have WAS THE POVERTY FROM BUYING AND been grafted on the provisions made by INSURING IN THE LOTTERY" Rev. the legislature for the express purpose of Brownlow Ford, Ordinary of Newgate.preventing or counteracting them. INSURANCE that if the legislature enacts, such and such opportunities of augmenting the miseries of mankind, are afforded; if the legislature does not enact, but sits still a quiet spectator of the miseries of another class,what a melancholy prospect does this afford to the genuine philanthropist ! ➡what a dereliction of duty is this! In the cases which occurred, during the last Lottery, at Hatton Garden, the proportion of women to men, concerned in insuring and taking insurances, was as three to one. Families thus situated, will usually suffer the last extremity of want, or resort to any criminal means of relieving it, rather than apply for parochial relief, because they know that the cause of their' distress will be minutely inquired into by the parish officers, and they have none to 119,375 assign but their own folly and imprudence. 145,000 "" The most serious evil," says Mr. Baker, 170,250 who presides at Hatton Garden,

It appears to me almost impossible entirely to suppress the illegal insurance by any laws which can be framed for that purpose, so long as Lotteries exist; and I cannot suggest any additional regulations or punishments in addition to those contained in the Act of the 47 Gen. 111. which are likely to produce a better effect; and I am satisfied that nothing will so effectually tend to keep it in subjection as the drawing the Lottery in a short period of time-Edm. Estcourt, Solicitor to StampQffice.

AN ACCOUNT OF THE PRICES OF TICKETS,
WITHIN THE RESPECTIVE PERIODS, &c.
Year. Tickets. Price. Profit.
L. s. d.

1802

100,000

14 11 O

1803

$0,000

13 3 I

1804

1

25,000

2

25,000

30,000

14 15 6
15 16 O
15 13 6

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555,000
352,333

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the dissension and misery it occasions in families, where the husband or wife (the latter more generally) is in the habit of 178,437 insuring unknown to the other. 203,750 pawnbroker supplies money as long as any 198,437 thing is left to pledge, and when the discovery is made in what manner the family resources have been squandered, reproach and violence usually ensue; and the matter generally ends in the separation and complete profligacy of the parents, and consequent dispersion and distress of the whole family," The Resolutions of the Committee, grounded on such evidence, must be approved by all true patriots, as well as moralists. We close, by accommodating, we hope not misapplying, the energetic words of Holy Scripture,

132,000
167,812
162,500
139,000

601,312

153,000
180,000
163,125

£496,625

LET HIM WHO THINKETH HE STANDETH,
TAKE HÉED LEST HR FALL.

Compare Panorama, Vol. III. p. 1197.

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qat but a homogensport by the insertion of two figures in the Offi 59CALEDONIAN CANAL. 10 229cial Report to set them before our readers. The first figure is a Section of the Canal, is FIETH REPORT OF THE COMMISSIONERS FOR with its dimensions, in breadth and depth OF COMMONS i to aasaiqqed sdt inthe second figure is a Section of the Aqueon? Todtiv badeildst29 90 ds129duced which passes under the Canslat THE Caledonian Canal, as forming one Loy; shewing the forms and construction of those national works which succeeding of the arches that serve for the congenerations will look at with grateful sur- veyance of floods, &c. which roll from the prise has already engaged our attention. I mountains, in seasons of excessive rain [Compare Panorama, Vol. III. p. 1251.; and at other times as passages for carts see also our map of Scotland, in which and cattle. These figures may give a the course of this Canal is accurately good idea of such labours, to thos those of marked. We shall do no more on the pre- our friends who have never had an oppor sent occasion than report the progress funity of inspecting similar works; and made in it. 18they place the powers of British skill, industry, and perseverance, in a conspicuous point of view.

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The unusual length and severity of the last winter in Scotland, diminished the time in which the works could be advanced but, that same circumstance put to the test, in the most satisfactory manner, the firmness and stability of the constructions, whether masonry or earthwork, already executed. Parts of the Canal are finished, and some of the extreme parts now project into the sea, to a considerable distance. Advantage has been taken of the form of the vallies in some places to ex-Watt (of Birmingham) for Steam-Engines cavate large cesspools, to receive the water from the hills, instead of aqueducts; as less expensive. The aqueduct at the River Loy, which is the most considerable of any on this Canal, proved amply suffis cient for the passage of the high floods last winter, loaded as they were with ice; and it is thought that they will not speedily have a more severe trial to endure. The banks of the Canal over this aque duct are raised 18 feet perpendicular above the bottom level. At this height is placed the benching, intended to prevent injury to the inside slope of the banks from the surge occasionally beating against them. The expences attending this magnificent work stand thus: svad noor

Among the greatest improvements of
mechanical power and, such as do most of
honour to our country, are the Steams
Engines, which are applied to many be
various purposes among us As it may
be satisfactory to some to know their cost d
and perhaps future years may look back
with interest to this Report, we insert the
payments made to Messrs. Boulton and

with their apparatus's of different sizes,A
and the relative estimate of their powers
to the number of horses the services of Y
which they perform.

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223,986 16 .. 193,343noquoquantity of labour that otherwise must 23 These engines will greatly diminish the en be performed by animal strength; they As we are desirous of communicating also lessen the expences; since they cost correct idea of the nature and construction of those very important articles of na tional improvement, Navigable Canals, and as we doubt not but the principles on which this grand undertaking is conducted, are the best of their kindy we have avail-application of them to excavation, an ed ourselves of the opportunity afforded us well as draining, shews their powers. teri qlli loveson 20.00* 2

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Memoirs of Capt. George Carleton, an English Officer; including Anecdotes of the War in Spain under the Earl of Peterborough, and many interesting Particulars relating to the Manners of the Spaniards in the Beginning of the last Century. Written by Himself. 8vo. pp. 488. price 12s. Murray, London, 1808.

POLITICAL events of no ordinary importance give to whatever concerns the kingdom of Spain, an interest that they could not have possessed at another juncture. We willingly encourage the publication of works by which any light may be thrown on the character of the Spanish people, or the nature of their country; although we are aware that this encouragement may tend to the multiplication of ephemeral productions unworthy of longer duration than that usually allotted to a newspaper. For the same reasons, however, that a newspaper is useful, such works may be useful, and they may fall into hands to which superior means of information are denied.

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arms his defeated adversary, if alert and
skilful, will speedily return to action, or
if not to action, to a resistance little less
embarrassing, and little, perhaps not at
all, less injurious to the reputation of a
commander, and to the cause he supports,
than a drawn battle, or an attempt foiled.
With great armies the Duke of Marlbo
rough won great battles; we have no in-
tention of detracting from his merit,
when we say, that with a small army the
Earl of Peterborough effected events enti-
tled to admiration, and, had they been
properly supported at home, capable of
being directed to the most beneficial pur-
poses. Spain would have been subdued
in Spain, had this great general's talents
been duly esteemed. After he was dis-
placed from command his value was dis-
covered: pity! it had not been equally.
appreciated while he was in a capacity for
important services. The principal subject
of this volume is the atchievements of
this British commander; the personal
adventures of Capt. Carleton, are never-
theless, not without interest, and his
descriptions of the people and places he
visited in his excursions in Spain appear to
to be drawn with fidelity, and modesty
he relates what he saw, without indulging
in speculation, or fancy.

Capt. Carleton was first a volunteer in the sea-service under Sir Edward Spragge, in the fleet commanded by the Duke of York in 1672. He was in the engage

scribes the French as " rather spectators than parties" in that affair: and he does justice to the courage of the Duke, of which "his own eyes were witnesses," in express terms. After the peace with Holland he went over in 1674, to serve in the army of the Prince of Orange, in ' Flanders, and had a narrow escape in the affair at Seneff, which, though a skirmish rather than a battle, cost eighteen thousand lives. He saw most of the actions and sieges under this prince, to the peace in

The memoirs before us are not of that class: they are the production of a man of . understanding, and veracity, we doubt not; and they describe events in which every reader of British history is concerned. The brilliant victories of the Duke of Marlborough in Flanders and Germany, during the succession war, tended to blind the eyes of England to the me-ment with De Ruyter May 28. He de, rit of other officers. The scene of action was nearer home, the influence of our allies was more predominant, and above all, interest at court, made a point of supporting the Duke with supplies of Ievery kind, in abundance. To Flanders we sent our stores, and our money; while Spain, the ostensible cause of contest, was little short of neglected. The Earl of Peterborough who commanded the British troops sent into that country, had not friends in office equal to his support, and to his merit. There is nothing more de-1678: he was among the regiments sent trimental to a country than jealousy among its public officers: this invidious principle not only prevents advantages from being obtained, in many cases, but in others, where they have been obtained, renders them completely nugatory, by impeding that improvement of them, which the public welfare demands. In vain is victory atchieved if the victor rests on his VOL. IV. [Lit. Pan, August, 1808.]

over to support James II. and encamped
on Hounslow Heath. After the revolution
he served King William in the Highlands,
where he lay two long winters, perpe.
tually harassed upon parties, and hunting
of somewhat wilder than their wildest
game, namely, the Highlanders, who,
were, if not as nimble-footed, yet fully-
as hard to be found.", But, we pass his
2 H

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