Science Awakening IIWhoever wants to understand the genesis of modern Science has to follow three lines of development, all starting in antiquity, which were brought together in the work of ISAAC NEWTON, namely 1. Ancient Mathematics => DESCARTES 2. Ancient Astronomy => COPERNICUS : ~~~~ I=> NEWTON 3. Ancient Mechanics => GALILEO => HUYGENS In Science Awakening I (Dutch edition 1950, first Eng1ish edition 1954, second 1961, first German edition 1956, second 1965) I have followed the first 1ine, giving an outline of the development of Mathematics in Egypt, Babylonia, and Greece. Volume II, dealing with Egyptian and Baby1onian Astronomy first appeared in German under the title 'Die Anfänge der Astronomie' (Noordhoff, Groningen 1965 and Birkhäu ser, Basel 1968). The volume was written in collaboration with PETER HUBER (Swiss Federal School of Technology, Zürich). HUBER has written considerable parts of Chap ters 3 and 4, in particular all transcriptions of cuneiform texts in these chapters. I also had much help from ERNST WEIDNER (Graz), MARTIN VERMASEREN (Amsterdam), JOSEF JANSEN (Leiden) and MANU LEUMANN (Zürich). |
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Page 4
For an observer on the Northern hemisphere only the North Pole is visible . The great circle whose points are equidistant from the North and South Poles is called the Equator . The angular distance of a star from the equator is called ...
For an observer on the Northern hemisphere only the North Pole is visible . The great circle whose points are equidistant from the North and South Poles is called the Equator . The angular distance of a star from the equator is called ...
Page 5
Shortly after new moon , the moon sickle becomes visible for the first time in the evening sky : this is the crescent . A fortnight later ASTRONOMY IN THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION 5 VII.
Shortly after new moon , the moon sickle becomes visible for the first time in the evening sky : this is the crescent . A fortnight later ASTRONOMY IN THE HISTORY OF CIVILIZATION 5 VII.
Page 6
The phases of the fixed stars and planets A star like Sirius , which is not visible the whole year , appears for the first time in the morning sky on a certain day . This appearance is called the morning rising .
The phases of the fixed stars and planets A star like Sirius , which is not visible the whole year , appears for the first time in the morning sky on a certain day . This appearance is called the morning rising .
Page 7
The planet Venus overtakes the sun at the superior conjunction , appears for the first time as an evening star at the Evening first ( EF ) , turns retrograde at the evening stationary point ( ESt ) and is visible for the last time as an ...
The planet Venus overtakes the sun at the superior conjunction , appears for the first time as an evening star at the Evening first ( EF ) , turns retrograde at the evening stationary point ( ESt ) and is visible for the last time as an ...
Page 13
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Contents
XI | 8 |
XII | 9 |
XIII | 10 |
XV | 11 |
XVI | 13 |
XVIII | 14 |
XIX | 17 |
XX | 19 |
CXXXII | 181 |
CXXXIII | 182 |
CXXXIV | 183 |
CXXXV | 184 |
CXXXVI | 185 |
CXXXVII | 186 |
CXXXIX | 187 |
CXL | 188 |
XXI | 26 |
XXIII | 28 |
XXV | 29 |
XXVI | 32 |
XXVIII | 37 |
XXX | 39 |
XXXI | 41 |
XXXII | 42 |
XXXIII | 43 |
XXXIV | 46 |
XXXV | 48 |
XXXVI | 49 |
XXXVII | 50 |
XXXVIII | 51 |
XXXIX | 52 |
XLII | 53 |
XLIII | 55 |
XLIV | 56 |
XLV | 57 |
XLVI | 59 |
XLVII | 60 |
XLVIII | 61 |
XLIX | 62 |
L | 64 |
LI | 67 |
LII | 69 |
LIV | 70 |
LV | 71 |
LVI | 74 |
LVIII | 77 |
LX | 79 |
LXI | 80 |
LXII | 84 |
LXIV | 86 |
LXV | 88 |
LXVI | 89 |
LXVII | 91 |
LXVIII | 93 |
LXIX | 94 |
LXXII | 95 |
LXXIV | 96 |
LXXVI | 98 |
LXXVIII | 99 |
LXXIX | 100 |
LXXX | 101 |
LXXXI | 102 |
LXXXIII | 103 |
LXXXIV | 104 |
LXXXV | 107 |
LXXXVI | 108 |
LXXXVII | 110 |
LXXXVIII | 112 |
LXXXIX | 115 |
XC | 116 |
XCI | 117 |
XCIV | 120 |
XCV | 122 |
XCVI | 126 |
XCVIII | 127 |
XCIX | 128 |
CI | 129 |
CIII | 133 |
CV | 134 |
CVI | 135 |
CVII | 137 |
CVIII | 138 |
CIX | 139 |
CX | 140 |
CXI | 141 |
CXII | 142 |
CXIII | 144 |
CXIV | 146 |
CXV | 150 |
CXVI | 155 |
CXVII | 156 |
CXVIII | 160 |
CXIX | 161 |
CXX | 162 |
CXXI | 163 |
CXXII | 165 |
CXXIII | 168 |
CXXV | 169 |
CXXVI | 170 |
CXXVII | 172 |
CXXVIII | 175 |
CXXIX | 176 |
CXXX | 178 |
CXXXI | 180 |
CXLI | 189 |
CXLIV | 191 |
CXLV | 192 |
CXLVI | 193 |
CXLVII | 194 |
CXLVIII | 195 |
CXLIX | 196 |
CL | 197 |
CLII | 199 |
CLIII | 201 |
CLV | 202 |
CLVI | 205 |
CLVII | 208 |
CLVIII | 210 |
CLX | 212 |
CLXI | 214 |
CLXII | 216 |
CLXIII | 221 |
CLXV | 222 |
CLXVI | 223 |
CLXVII | 224 |
CLXVIII | 225 |
CLXIX | 226 |
CLXX | 229 |
CLXXI | 230 |
CLXXII | 231 |
CLXXIII | 233 |
CLXXV | 236 |
CLXXVII | 237 |
CLXXVIII | 238 |
CLXXIX | 239 |
CLXXX | 240 |
CLXXXII | 241 |
CLXXXIII | 242 |
CLXXXIV | 244 |
CLXXXVI | 245 |
CLXXXVII | 246 |
CLXXXVIII | 247 |
CLXXXIX | 248 |
CXC | 250 |
CXCI | 253 |
CXCII | 254 |
CXCIII | 256 |
CXCIV | 257 |
CXCV | 258 |
CXCVI | 259 |
CXCVII | 260 |
CXCVIII | 261 |
CXCIX | 262 |
CCI | 263 |
CCII | 264 |
CCIV | 265 |
CCV | 266 |
CCVII | 271 |
CCIX | 273 |
CCXI | 275 |
CCXIII | 276 |
CCXIV | 279 |
CCXV | 280 |
CCXVII | 281 |
CCXVIII | 284 |
CCXIX | 285 |
CCXXI | 287 |
CCXXIII | 288 |
CCXXIV | 290 |
CCXXV | 291 |
CCXXVI | 292 |
CCXXVII | 294 |
CCXXVIII | 295 |
CCXXIX | 297 |
CCXXX | 299 |
CCXXXII | 300 |
CCXXXIII | 301 |
CCXXXVI | 302 |
CCXXXVII | 305 |
CCXXXVIII | 306 |
CCXXXIX | 308 |
CCXL | 309 |
CCXLII | 311 |
CCXLIII | 314 |
CCXLIV | 316 |
CCXLV | 323 |
CCXLVI | 324 |
327 | |
328 | |
331 | |
347 | |
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Common terms and phrases
according Ahura Mazda already appears assumed astrology astronomical Babylon Babylonian beginning calculated called century Chaldaeans Chapter column complete contains copied correct cover cuneiform DARIUS decans difference distance divided division doctrine earlier eclipse Egypt Egyptian equinoxes exactly explained fact fixed stars four fragment Full function given gives gods Greek heaven Hence horoscopes inscription Jupiter kings known KUGLER later length linear lived longitude lunar Mars means mentioned methods middle Mithras months moon morning motion moves names NEUGEBAUER night observations obtain occurs origin path Persian phenomena planetary planets Plate position possible predictions probably procedure reasonable reign relation religion reports rising rules Saturn says seems seen setting shows Sirius solar solstice soul stars synodic periods tables theory values Venus visible whole Zervanism zodiacal signs
Popular passages
Page 4 - Aries, Taurus, Gemini, Cancer, Leo, Virgo, Libra, Scorpio, Sagittarius, Capricornus, Aquarius, Pisces.