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means for the detection of clandestine activities and which has no provision for prompt and effective enforcement action. The Soviet Union Government has not only proposed a scheme that is fundamentally inadequate for the control of atomic energy, but at the same time has made the overriding stipulation that they will not agree to establish even such a feeble scheme of control until all atomic weapons have been prohibited and destroyed. It is completely unrealistic to expect any nation to renounce atomic weapons without any assurance that all nations will be prevented from producing them.

39. Accordingly, the following resolution is submitted for the consideration of this Committee:

"The Working Committee,

Having examined in detail and as a whole the Soviet Union proposals of 11 June 1947 and the elaborations thereon, and in view of the conclusions set out in the preceding paragraphs,

Finds that the Soviet Union proposals ignore the existing technical knowledge of the problem of atomic energy control, do not provide an adequate basis for the effective international control of atomic energy and the elimination from national armaments of atomic weapons, and therefore, do not conform to the terms of reference of the Atomic Energy Commission.

The Working Committee concludes that no useful purpose can be served by further discussion of these proposals in the Working Committee."

86. USSR PROPOSAL, JUNE 11, 1954 1

I. The Government of the Soviet Union submits for consideration by the Sub-Committee of the United Nations Disarmament Commission the "Basic provisions of a draft international convention for the prohibition of atomic, hydrogen and other weapons of mass destruction, for a substantial reduction in armaments and armed forces, and for the establishment of international control over the observance of the convention".

In so doing the Government of the Soviet Union presumes that, as a first important step towards the complete elimination from the armaments of States of atomic, hydrogen and other types of weapons of mass destruction, together with the simultaneous establishment of strict international control to secure the observance of the agreement to prohibit the use of atomic energy for military purposes, the States concerned will assume a solemn and unconditional obligation not to use atomic, hydrogen or other weapons of mass destruction, as is contemplated in the proposal submitted to the Sub-Committee by the Soviet Union representative on 1 June.

II. An international convention for the prohibition of atomic, hydrogen and other weapons of mass destruction, for effecting a substantial reduction in armaments and armed forces, and for the simultaneous establishment of international control over the observance of the convention should contain the following basic provisions: 1. Unconditional prohibition of the use, production and conservation of atomic, hydrogen and other types of weapons of mass destruction.

1 UN Document, DC/SC.1/9, 11 June 1954.

2. Reduction by each State party to the convention, and primarily by the United States, the United Kingdom, France, the People's Republic of China and the Soviet Union, of all armaments and all land, naval and air forces by one-third, to be effected during the year following the entry into force of the convention.

Obligation of States parties to the convention to reduce their military expenditure within one year by not less than one-third of the 1953-54 level of expenditure.

Obligation of States parties to the convention not to maintain military, air or naval bases on the territories of other States and to liquidate any such existing bases within one year.

3. Establishment of effective international control over observance by all States of the provisions of the convention prohibiting weapons of mass destruction and requiring reduction of armaments and armed forces. International control shall be established as follows:

(a) International control shall be established over all undertakings engaged in extraction of atomic raw materials and production of atomic materials and atomic energy, and over conventional

armaments.

(b) An international control organ shall be set up under the Security Council to carry out measurements of control over atomic undertakings and over conventional armaments.

The staff of the organ shall be selected on an international basis. (c) The international control organ shall also inspect undertakings extracting atomic crudes and producing atomic materials and atomic energy; it shall carry out such inspection on a continuing basis without the right to interfere in the domestic affairs. of States. It shall supervise the observance by all States of their obligation to reduce conventional armaments and armed forces. (d) The international control organ, in the performance of its functions, shall supervise the work of undertakings extracting, processing and utilizing atomic materials and atomic energy; it shall collect and compile data on the extraction, production and utilization of atomic materials and atomic energy; it shall call for, and shall verify when submitted by States, information on armaments and armed forces; it shall make recommendations to Governments and to the Security Council on matters relating to the production, conservation and utilization of atomic materials and atomic energy, and to the reduction of the armaments and armed forces of States.

4. All States parties to the convention shall undertake to prohibit propaganda designed to inflame enmity and hatred among nations or to prepare for a new world war.

5. The Convention shall enter into force on its ratification by the five Permanent Members of the Security Council of the United Nations.

87. USSR DRAFT RESOLUTION, SEPTEMBER 30, 1954 1

I. The General Assembly instructs the United Nations Disarmament Commission to prepare and submit for confirmation by the Security Council a draft international convention (treaty) designed to strengthen peace and increase international security and providing

UN Document, A/2742, September 30, 1954.

for the prohibition of atomic, hydrogen and other weapons of mass destruction and their elimination from the armaments of States, a substantial reduction in armaments and the establishment of international control over the implementation of these decisions on the basis of the French and United Kingdom proposals of 11 June 1954. Accordingly, the convention (treaty) should contain the following basic provisions:

(1) The following measures shall be taken simultaneously: (a) In the course of six months (or one year), States shall reduce their armaments, armed forces and budgetary appropriations for military requirements to the extent of 50 per cent of the agreed levels. Armaments and armed forces shall be reduced from the strength of armaments and armed forces existing on 31 December 1953, and appropriations shall be reduced from the amount of actual expenditure on military requirements during the year ending 31 December 1953.

(b) For the purposes of supervising the fulfilment by States of the obligations in connexion with the reduction of armaments and armed forces provided for in sub-paragraph (a), a temporary international control commission shall be established under the Security Council with the right to require States to provide the necessary information on the measures taken by them to reduce armaments and armed forces. The commission shall take the necessary steps to supervise the fulfilment by States of the obligations assumed by them in connexion with the reduction of armaments, armed forces and appropriations for military requirements. States shall periodically supply the commission at established intervals with information concerning the implementation of the measures provided for in the convention.

(2) On completion of the measures referred to in paragraph (1), the following measures shall be taken simultaneously:

(a) In the course of six months (or one year), States shall reduce their armaments, armed forces and budgetary appropriations for military requirements by the remaining 50 per cent of the agreed levels from the strength of armaments and armed forces existing on 31 December 1953, and shall reduce their appropriations from the amount of actual expenditure on military requirements during the year 31 December 1953.

(b) A complete prohibition of atomic, hydrogen and other weapons of mass destruction shall be carried into effect, the production of such weapons shall be discontinued and they shall be entirely eliminated from the armaments of States: all existing atomic materials shall be used only for peaceful purposes.

The carrying out of these measures must be completed not later than the carrying out of the measures taken for the reduction of armaments and armed forces referred to in paragraph (2) (a), and the production of atomic and hydrogen weapons shall cease immediately, as soon as a start is made with the reduction of armaments, armed forces and appropriations for military requirements in respect of the remaining 50 per cent of the agreed standards.

(c) States shall institute a standing international organ for the supervision of the implementation of the convention (treaty) on the prohibition of atomic, hydrogen and other weapons of mass destruction, the discontinuance of the production of these weapons and their elimination from the armaments of States and the reduction of armaments, armed forces and appropriations for military requirements.

This international organ shall have full powers of supervision, including the power of inspection on a continuing basis to the extent necessary to ensure implementation of the convention by

all States.

II. In connexion with the proposal concerning the prohibition of the "use of nuclear weapons except in defence against aggression" in the Franco-British memorandum of 11 June 1954, the General Assembly instructs the United Nations Disarmament Commission to study and clarify this question and submit its recommendations.

88. LIMITATION OF ARMAMENTS AND DESTRUCTION OF STOCKS OF ATOMIC WEAPONS: USSR DRAFT RESOLUTION, FEBRUARY 25, 1955 1 The Security Council (General Assembly),

Recognizes that the cessation of the armaments race would contribute to the relaxation of tension in international relations and the strengthening of world peace, and also to the reduction of the tax burden which that race imposes on the peoples;

Further recognizes that in order to save mankind from the threat of an annihilating atomic war, immediate steps must be taken to reach international agreement on the complete prohibition of atomic, hydrogen and other types of weapons of mass destruction;

Takes into account the demands made by wide circles of international public opinion with regard to the necessity for the destruction of stocks of atomic and hydrogen weapons in the possession of States;

Considers that the destruction of stocks of atomic and hydrogen weapons would contribute to the relaxation of international tension and the attainment of the fundamental goal-the complete and unconditional prohibition of atomic and hydrogen weapons;

Decides:

1. To propose to all States, both Members and non-Members of the United Nations that they should pledge themselves, as a first step towards the reduction of armaments and armed forces, not to increase their armaments and armed forces above the level of 1 January 1955 and not to increase their appropriations for military purposes above the level of the appropriations for these purposes in 1955,

2. To propose to all States which possess atomic and hydrogen weapons that they should destroy completely stocks of those weapons in their possession, and use atomic materials solely for peaceful purposes,

3. To institute international control over the observance of this decision.

JUN Document, DC/SC.1/12/Rev. 1, 25 February 1955.

89. DECLARATION OF THE DELEGATIONS OF CANADA, FRANCE, THE UNITED KINGDOM AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ON USSR PROPOSAL OF FEBRUARY 25, 1955,1 MARCH 11, 1955

The delegations of Canada, France, the United Kingdom and the United States of America wish to place on record their attitude towards the draft resolution introduced by the delegation of the USSR on 25 February. The Soviet proposal calls for the immediate destruction of stocks of nuclear weapons without halting the production of these weapons and with no provision for the reduction of military manpower and of conventional armaments. It makes only the barest reference to international control. Moreover, this programme would, in the words of the Soviet representative, "be carried out here and now without waiting for the examination of other questions"in other words, without agreement on the other essential elements of the comprehensive disarmament programme which the Sub-Committee was instructed to work out.

As they have repeatedly stated in the Sub-Committee, the four Western delegations are ready to discuss the proposals set forth in the Soviet draft resolution on the understanding that such proposals form an integral part of a phased disarmament programme. However the Soviet delegation has for its part made it clear that the Soviet Government has put forward these proposals on a completely different basis. In so doing it has abandoned the principle laid down in the resolution of the General Assembly which was co-sponsored by the Soviet delegation and approved unanimously by the General Assembly on 4 November 1954. In these circumstances the Western delegations feel obliged to declare that the Soviet draft resolution of 25 February is unacceptable.

The Soviet delegation must be aware that the other Governments represented on the Sub-Committee, and with them the vast majority of the nations of the world, could not accept a resolution which deliberately violated two of the essential principles of any disarmament plan: the necessity of ensuring that it should be carried out by stages and that it should apply equally to all the elements of the military power of a State. Any disarmament plan, to be acceptable must be drawn up in such a way that each of its stages increases the security of all parties and not the security of only one of the parties at the expense of the others. It must provide for genuine and effective international control and inspection, fully competent to ensure its effective execution.

The Western delegations therefore propose that the Sub-Committee should now proceed to a discussion of the comprehensive draft resolution sponsored by the delegations of Canada, France, the United Kingdom and the United States. This draft resolution is based on the Franco-British plan of 11 June 1954, which was accepted by the Soviet Government on 30 September 1954 as the basis of a Disarmament Treaty.

The Soviet delegation will have observed that the three elements of a disarmament programme which in its own draft resolution were singled out for prior execution are contained in this four-Power draft resolution. The Western delegations would be willing to discuss the three elements of the Soviet proposal prior to a discussion of any of the other

FUN Document, DC/SC.1/16, 11 March 1955.

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