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portray the Communists actually at work, and show their methods of infiltration and subversion, don't you think?

General WILLIAMS. Yes, sir; I think this would be a desirable part of the troop information program.

DISCUSSION ON ATTACKS BY NORMAN THOMAS

Senator THURMOND. It might be of interest to you that Admiral Goldthwaite, as you know, was also linked by Norman Thomas to so-called dubious and fallacious organizations." Facts were distorted. Admiral Goldthwaite was attacked for informing Navy personnel of the threat of militant communism. No criticism was made at any time by either American Strategy or the Militia Association of Norman Thomas. Yet Mr. Thomas, and his prominence as a Socialist, was apparently used by pro-Communist elements to project him into an antimilitary position about which he really had no basic information. Can you account for Mr. Thomas' attack in any other way? General WILLIAMS. No, I cannot. I might say that in the meetings held by the Militia Association, reference was made to individuals who seemed to have Communist leanings, or who seemed to be proCommunist, only on two or three occasions, and in each case these were individuals who had been established as being pro-Communist as a result of investigations by the FBI. I refer to such people as Dr. Linus Pauling. I offhand cannot think of any other individual name that was mentioned. And certainly Norman Thomas' name was not mentioned in any of the meetings. I believe that his attack on the Division of Military Affairs of the State of New York, and upon the Militia Association, and upon American Strategy, Inc., were simply because he wished to defame the individuals and groups who seemed to be interested in educating the American public on the threat and nature of communism, whereas Norman Thomas seems to favor the Communist line, at least in part.

QUESTION OF OTHER AREAS OF CONTROVERSY GENERATED AGAINST MILITARY

Senator THURMOND. Are there any other areas of controversy which were generated against the military which might help this subcommittee in arriving at a thoroughly founded evaluation of the need and education on communism?

Colonel JOYCE. You mean incidents such as you have mentioned already?

Senator THURMOND. Yes.

Colonel JOYCE. None of which I am aware.

COMMENTS ON MISSION OF NATIONAL GUARD

General WILLIAMS. No, I think no, sir. I would like to say this. That as National Guardsmen, we are involved in preparing for such military action as may be directed by a proper authority. But we do this on a part-time basis. All of us rely for our bread and butter on some civilian occupation.

And whereas it might be appropriate, and I believe it would be appropriate, for the National Guard commanders to be directed to keep their troops informed in these matters concerning the cold war,

any direction for National Guard officers to educate the public directly would be other than appropriate, because this would be directing people in their civilian capacity to carry out a Department of Defense mission, you might say. What these officers do in educating the public must necessarily be on a voluntary basis, and as private citizens. GUARDSMEN'S KNOWLEDGE OF COMMUNISM WOULD BENEFIT PUBLIC

Senator THURMOND. Yes, as citizen-soldiers. You are on active duty only a small part of the time. You are civilians most of the time. Knowledge on communism of course would be of great benefit to the public at this time, would it not?

General WILLIAMS. Yes, sir.

WHY TRAINING PROGRAMS ARE ATTACKED BY SOME AMERICANS

Senator THURMOND. General, I am just wondering why these programs come under attack by Americans who do not want other Americans, especially the military, to know the totality and the seriousness of the threat?

General WILLIAMS. Well, I cannot help but think that any attacks that are made on groups of this kind must be directed by people who are our enemies either enemies on a knowledgeable basis or simply by having been duped into a line of thinking. For example, everyone wants peace in our time and for all times, but peace isn't necessarily gained by throwing away our weapons. Certainly some of the groups in this country who are for banning all nuclear tests, for unilateral disarmament, and so forth, may be well intentioned. But I believe they are stimulated and morally supported by our enemies. Senator THURMOND. And our enemies are the Communists, are they not?

General WILLIAMS. Yes, sir.

PROPAGANDA ACTIVITIES OF THE SOCIALIST WORKERS PARTY

Senator THURMOND. It is my understanding that New York National Guard keeps abreast of the many and devious methods used by the Communists and their front organizations to mislead American youth, especially in the large metropolitan areas like New York City, or to promote deceptive, antimilitary propaganda campaigns, which are designed to undermine our military preparedness, civil defense, education on communism, and any other effort which would tend to keep this country strong. I have copies of publicity materials of Communist and Communist front organizations in New York City.

For instance, here is a pamphlet by the Socialist Workers Party, and on page 3 a sentence reads:

Capitalism means war. Capitalism, with its economic rivalries and class struggles leads logically and inevitably to war.

I will hand that down and let you take a look at it. There are several other pamphlets from that organization.

Colonel Joyce, you might be interested in looking at that material. Colonel JOYCE. Yes, sir.

General WILLIAMS. I am not aware personally of the extent to which New York Army National Guard monitors this sort of thing. Colonel Joyce might be able to supply the information that you request.

WHETHER NATIONAL GUARD TRAINING INCLUDES INFORMATION

ON COMMUNIST FRONTS

Senator THURMOND. Colonel Joyce, I would like to have your reaction to this material. A large portion of the manpower for New York National Guard units comes from a cross-section of New York City youth. And I am wondering what problems confront your intelligence and information officers, especially in New York City National Guard units, to insure that the antimilitary objective generated by Communist youth fronts are negated by education on the subject before they influence the ranks of the National Guard. The first of these items is the hand bill I handed to you, put out by the Socialist Workers Party, and it is a plea for disarmament and scrapping United States nuclear weapons because, as the leaflet says:

Capitalism means war. Capitalism, with its economic rivalries and class war leads logically and inevitably to war.

You may know, Colonel Joyce, that the Socialist Workers Party, with headquarters in New York City, is cited as a subversive organization. It has consistently promoted pro-Communist propaganda in our midst. Does National Guard intelligence training include information on fronts like this?

Colonel JOYCE. You mean training to the troops in the National Guard?

Senator THURMOND. Yes, sir.

Colonel JOYCE. No, sir.

Senator THURMOND. So they can be on guard against material put out by such an organization.

Colonel JOYCE. Of course, most of our National Guardsmen are youngsters, and the strength of our units is in the young people, the young soldiers. We are vitally interested in this subject. But, to reiterate what I said before, we do not have the time nor the facilities for the personnel to follow up on the potential or actual infiltration into the National Guard of Communists or Communist ideology. Again I state that we are restricted in the short time available for training to the training requirements put out by U.S. Continental Army Command.

I think possibly it might be desirable to appreciate a fine distinction here. Whereas the regular soldier has one primary job, he is a soldier full time, he is on active duty 24 hours a day, and his complete attention is devoted to the requirements of the military service whereas the National Guardsman, as a citizen soldier, is a part-time soldier, and wears two hats. He wears the military cap only a few short hours each week. Most of his time he wears a civilian fedora, and is occupied to a considerable extent with community affairs, and the struggle to raise a family in a civilian atmosphere and economy. And although I feel personally that he should be permitted or have an equal-as equal a right as anyone else to express his personal views and opinions, so long as he is speaking as a concerned private citizen,

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and not as a representative of the military on any activity, or in any field, or any subject.

However, we are not equipped to, neither by organization nor personnel nor time, to investigate this activity in the National Guard, much as we would desire to do so.

Senator THURMOND. Next is an announcement by the Committee To Defend Francisco Molina. This front organization attempted to obtain release of a Castro agent, who, while operating in New York City, shot a young Venezuelan girl. You will notice this callup for a rally includes names of speakers such as "Pete Seeger, William Worthy, Marvin Gettleman (instructor of political science at the City College of New York)" and others. Each of these have been connected with Communist propaganda objectives in New York City. Does National Guard intelligence training provide information on agitation committees such as this?

Colonel JOYCE. No, sir.

Sir, Senator, if I may-we do not-again I reiterate, we have very limited facilities for any activity of this sort. We don't even receive this type of brochure or notice, and we don't monitor them to any extent.

General WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, I believe Colonel Joyce is referring here to the Division of Military and Naval Affairs of the State of New York. The headquarters at which he is employed, does not have the facilities to monitor the type of program that you are now referring to, and therefore they have no occasion to take any action on it.

In Colonel Joyce's headquarters, headquarters of the New York National Guard, if they have seen any of these publications, it has only been by coincidence. In other words, they make no effort to research the program of the Communists, or Communist-front organizations.

We feel that this is probably a more appropriate activity of some organizations other than the militia, or other than the department of military and naval affairs.

DUTIES OF NEW YORK NATIONAL GUARD INTELLIGENCE OFFICER

Senator THURMOND. Your headquarters does not have an intelligence officer who looks after this?

Colonel JOYCE. We have an officer who serves in a dual capacity as operation training and intelligence officer.

Senator THURMOND. Is that a full-time job?

Colonel JOYCE. Yes, sir, he is full time. But his time is almost exclusively occupied with meeting the requirements imposed by the U.S. Continental Army Command for training, training purposes.

Senator THURMOND. Well, this is training, too, isn't it? This is intelligence that could be used for training and would inform these people, including members of the Guard, on the type of propaganda that is being disseminated right in their own communities, which might mislead members of the National Guard. If they are informed about these organizations and these individuals, then they will know the motives.

General WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, desirable as this activity might be, our intelligence operation at headquarters, New York National

Guard, concerns combat intelligence and the training for combat intelligence. There is no requirement upon headquarters or upon the director of training and intelligence to spend any time or effort on this particular subject of Communist infiltration and Communist-front organization activities. Certainly this would be a desirable thing for us to get into on some basis. But there is no present provision to do this.

Senator THURMOND. In other words, the National Guard intelligence officer does not get into cold war intelligence, so to speak. General WILLIAMS. That is correct.

Senator THURMOND. The next item, Colonel Joyce, is an invitation for a lecture by Dr. Hyman Lumer on the subject of "Big Business, the Military and Our Government." Dr. Lumer is a member of the faculty of the New York School for Marxist Studies, which, as you know, teaches communism. He is associate editor of "Political Affairs," which is a Communist magazine.

Are you familiar with that magazine?
Colonel JOYCE. Yes, sir, I am.

Senator THURMOND. We have previously brought out during these hearings that last summer the New York School for Marxist Studies trained some 700 New York City youth in antimilitary, social, and racial agitation, as well as techniques of propaganda and subversion. Does your intelligence office keep abreast of these activities?

Colonel JOYCE. No, sir, we are not equipped to do so.

Senator THURMOND. Next, Colonel Joyce, is a handbill disseminated by SCOPE advertising an outing at Camp Midvale, which is a popular meeting place for Communists and fellow travelers from New York City. SCOPE stands for "Student Committee on Progressive Education." The objectives of this organization are diametrically opposed to the objectives of military preparedness and education on communism. SCOPE is in direct opposition to the things the National Guard is attempting to do. What orientation does the average New York guardsman receive on this organization?

Colonel JOYCE. None whatsoever.

Senator THURMOND. Would you care to look at this?

Next is a copy of a brochure put out by the Progressive Youth Organization Committee, 80 East 11th Street, New York City. This pamphlet features articles by Alva Buxenbaum, chairman of the PYOC, and Marvin Markman, vice chairman, who, while attending City College of New York, served on the student council as chairman of the civil liberties committee. This organization promotes civil disobedience and racial agitation. The brochure states:

The educational system is in a state of crisis, lacking the funds and approach that would enable it to prepare youth adequately for jobs and life in general. Military service and the ever-present danger of hydrogen warfare add to the great insecurity in the lives of youth. And when young people try to look for the causes of these problems and act to improve conditions, the House Committee on Un-American Activities and others of the same ilk try to shut them up.

That was a quote from their propaganda leaflet. The organization apologizes for communism in Cuba, opposes congressional investigations and loyalty oaths. It receives guidance from such Communists as Carl Marzani and Rockwell Kent according to this PYOC folder. Is National Guard Intelligence qualified to provide

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