evaluations of this organization and what is done when members of such youth agitation groups attempt to influence National Guard members or are even possibly recruited into the New York National Guard?

Colonel JOYCE. No, sir.

DISCUSSION ON PAMPHLET BY WAR RESISTERS LEAGUE

Senator THURMOND. Colonel Joyce, I could, unfortunately, give you several hundred examples of antimilitary, pro-Communist, youth actions, which have gained followings in such metropolitan areas as New York City. I will add one more for your appraisal. This is a copy of a pamphlet produced by the War Resisters League, 5 Beekman Street, New York City. This pamphlet is an all-out attack against Polaris submarines; it promotes peace marches against socalled military germ warfare experiments; and it generates a wide variety of civil defense protest actions for disarmament and disloyalty. You may know that this is an international organization which promotes antimilitarianism along the line described so excellently by Dr. Beerstecher before this subcommittee. Bertrand Russell is one of their advisers in England, Bill Sutherland in Ghana, and Dolci in Italy. Rev. A. J. Muste and Martin Luther King are prominently named as promoters of resistance against the so-called U.S. arms race. You will note the absence of reference to Communist aggression. Linus Pauling makes an appeal in this document against U.S. military defenses and demands that the West "abandon development of biological weapons." Now, would you give us your evaluation of this so-called pacifist organization which helps to undermine the loyalty of our youth to our country, their dedication to uphold their own free way of life, and to divide and weaken our will to resist communism?

Colonel JOYCE. Well, without an opportunity to study this document, I do not know how accurate I can be. Of course, since this does affect the youth of the country, and since the National Guard is composed largely of youngsters, we are deeply interested in this activity and concerned about it.

General O'Hara, the chief of staff to the Governor, has taken a deep personal interest in this activity. But again, as a military organization we are restricted to authorized instruction and activities, and in keeping with our tradition in this country of civilian control of the military, we cannot establish any policy or conduct any activity, training or otherwise, without the guidance and direction of the administration this government of the people, by the people and for the people that we are so proud of.

So I cannot speak from personal knowledge on this particular pamphlet.

NEED FOR MORE KNOWLEDGE ON EFFECT OF COMMUNIST MANIPULATION OF YOUTH

Senator THURMOND. We have made an extensive study on the effect of Communist manipulation of youth such as demonstrated in the film "Operation Abolition." We feel that greater thought should be given by our educators, church and civic leaders to correct the lack

of knowledge of this situation, which in our opinion, is one of growing seriousness, especially in the congested metropolitan areas on the east and west coasts. Would you please give us your evaluation of this problem?

Colonel JOYCE. You mean my personal beliefs on this?

Senator THURMOND. Yes.

Colonel JOYCE. Well, again, I personally feel that we are not— that a great more should be done, as a matter of fact must be done if we are to counteract this activity and overcome it. But if you are speaking to me again as a National Guard officer, and a member of our headquarters, of course again we can only do what we are directed to do.

Senator THURMOND. But you do feel more ought to be done.

Colonel JOYCE. Yes, sir. Personally I feel a great deal more should be done.

WHY NATIONAL GUARD DOES NOT HAVE TROOP INFORMATION PROGRAM

General WILLIAMS. Mr. Chairman, the point which I believe has not been clarified in this particular session is that the U.S. Army has a troop information program which has been in existence for a number of years. It is included as a part of the Active Army training program that information concerning all matters of national policy and interest will be brought to the attention of the troops periodically, and I believe this involves at least once a week.

The National Guard is training under the same program with the same criteria as is the Active Army, except that because of the time limitation, certain portions of the Army training program are not prescribed for the Army National Guard. One part of the program that is not so prescribed is the troop information program. Senator THURMOND. In other words, you have no troop information program. General WILLIAMS. We have none of our own. And there is none furnished to us by the Active Army, except on an information advisory basis for those of us who may care to read it.

DISTRIBUTION OF INFORMATION MATERIAL BY ARMY WOULD BE

HELPFUL TO GUARD

Senator THURMOND. If the Army saw fit to furnish you certain material, there would not be sufficient time to use it. But if the Army could furnish the important items, those that are timely, it would be useful, would it not?"

General WILLIAMS. It would be useful, and if we were furnished with such information and directed to put this out to the troops, we would most certainly see that this was put out on a command basis at the lowest possible echelon. I visualize that this information and instruction would actually be carried on by the company or battery commander personally to make sure that it had the greatest possible effect on the recipients.

Senator THURMOND. You do feel this would be helpful, don't you, General?

General WILLIAMS. Yes, sir, I think it would be highly desirable.

DISCUSSION ON COLD WAR EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES OF JEROME HAGGERTY

Senator THURMOND. Colonel Joyce, could you please describe the cold war educational activities of Maj. Jerome Haggerty, who, I believe, is a major in the New York National Guard and teaches at the Oyster Bay High School in Long Island, N.Y.?

Colonel JOYCE. I am very familiar with Major Haggerty. You mean his cold war activities in the National Guard or as a citizen! Senator THURMOND. Well, you might include both if you want to, probably the knowledge he obtained in the National Guard has stimulated his civilian work.

Colonel JOYCE. Well, in the National Guard, first of all, he is a member of our staff in Albany at the present time, and his assignment is in the Tactics Department of our Empire State Military Academy. In that position, he works directly under me.

Senator THURMOND. Maybe you stimulated him.

Colonel JOYCE. Well, I mentioned earlier that we did conduct a course of instruction at Camp Smith, our summer training site, for the Empire State Military Academy, on psychological warfare during which we attempted to familiarize the students with brainwashing techniques and the type of pressure that would be placed upon them if they should be captured by an enemy. Other than that, Major Haggerty has had no activity, has participated in no activity as a National Guardsman. What he did at Camp Smith was under my direction and carried out according to our planned training.

Now, in civilian life I know personally that he has been very active as a speaker and as an educator in this field along the lines that you mentioned when you read from his letter. I am familiar with his activity. But again, in the National Guard he does not conduct any cold war training as such, other than the type of training I mentioned at Camp Smith during the summer.

Senator THURMOND. I understood that he conducted a "cold war" educational forum on April 24, 1961, for the Council for Political Inquiry of the State university at Oyster Bay, Long Island, N.Y. He apparently found substantial opposition to education on communism from students enrolled in this New York State supported institution. Did he report this situation to National Guard officials and, if so, was any action taken in Albany to inquire into the reasons for the objections of the students?

Colonel JOYCE. I believe I heard of this incident. Personally— although no official report has been made of the incident are you talking of the occasion when he showed the film "Operation Abolition"?

Senator THURMOND. Yes, I believe he showed the film.

Colonel JOYCE. Yes, sir, I am familiar with that.

Senator THURMOND. On April 24, 1961.

Colonel JOYCE. I am familiar with the event and the incident, and I know he did run into considerable opposition from the students in the audience.

Senator THURMOND. At the State University.

Colonel JOYCE. Yes, sir. But he did not make any official report on this. And again, even if he did so, the National Guard is not equipped nor authorized to conduct any such investigation.

Senator THURMOND. I just wondered if he had reported this-
Colonel JOYCE. I might

Senator THURMOND. To National Guard officials.

Colonel JOYCE. He did this on his own time, as a private citizen. This was not done as a member of the National Guard. Therefore, there would be no necessity for an official report.

Senator THURMOND. Well, of course, I see no objection to him reporting this officially. You recruit National Guardmen from among the students of such institutions, and you should be interested in what is going on to that extent, should you not?

Colonel JOYCE. Yes, sir, we are interested.

Senator THURMOND. And if it were possible for some State agency to determine the students' objection to education on communism, it would be helpful in your work, would it not?

Colonel JOYCE. Yes, sir.

Senator THURMOND. Major Haggerty's activities have come to the attention of this subcommittee. Many favorable reports have been obtained concerning the dedicated and selfless pursuit of educational objectives on communism which this New York National Guard officer has demonstrated in schools and civic organizations.

Have you heard of any objection to the work he has done.

Colonel JOYCE. No, sir, I believe I have heard no official objections to his activities.

Senator THURMOND. So far as you know, his work has been praiseworthy?

Colonel JOYCE. Yes, sir.

LETTER TO SUBCOMMITTEE FROM DONALD M. CLARK

Senator THURMOND. Now, I read to you extracts from Major Haggerty's letter earlier. A similar letter from an educator in upstate New York, Dr. Donald M. Clark, was also received by the subcommittee. He, too, recognizes the urgent need for increasing the educational effort on communism. This is what he said:

Certainly, little is being done in this area at an educational level. There isn't a school in this area offering the approach that I have undertaken. Naturally, my school is doing everything possible to give me the resources to carry out this senior high course of study. This Friday, I am to meet with the Educational Director of the Buffalo Chamber of Commerce. He had heard about my plan of attack and wants to firm up some plans that can be suggested for other schools in this area.

I suppose Dr. Clark is a member of the 27th Armored Division. General Williams, do you know?

General WILLIAMS. Not to my knowledge, sir.
Senator THURMOND. Do you know Dr. Clark?
General WILLIAMS. I do not know Dr. Clark.

LETTER TO SUBCOMMITTEE FROM CORNELIUS J. HEFFERNAN

Senator THURMOND. One additional letter addressed to the subcommittee, which I feel to be particularly noteworthy is from Cornelius J. Heffernan of the Times Union Knickerbocker News in Albany, who said, with reference to the efforts of the New York State

Division of Military and Naval Affairs to educate National Guard troops on the threat of communism, and I quote:

In reply to your inquiry I recall attending a meeting of the New York State Division of Military and Naval Affairs in the Albany Washington Avenue Armory last spring at which a former intelligence officer spoke.

His talk was entitled "Fourth Dimensional Warfare" and concerned the tricks and stratagems developed by the Communists. I was tremendously impressed, both by the realization of how smart, dedicated and dangerous the Reds are, but also by this man's apparent knowledge and his confidence in the American people once they are adequately informed.

The occasion was a briefing about the state of preparedness of the New York Guard and speakers included Governor Rockefeller and Gen. Almerin C. O'Hara.

DISCUSSION ON USE OF SUBVERSIVE LIST (DD FORM 98) IN SCHOOLS

During the testimony of Major Buchsbaum, of the intelligence section of 1st U.S. Army, the question arose about a recommendation made to improve knowledge on communism in the United States.

Mr. Isador Schrader made a recommendation concerning the need for publicizing the loyalty program in U.S. schools. I would like to read from his paper two paragraphs and obtain your reactions to Mr. Schrader's suggestions.

Mr. Schrader said:

In order to counteract the seductive methods used by the subversive elements in our schools, it is proposed that State and city boards of education establish requirements for acquainting all students with this subversive list (DD form 98); also, that the subversive list be posted on the school bulletin boards.

Several weeks ago, Major Bailey told the subcommittee of similar needs for educating faculty members and superintendents of schools on Communist subversive efforts. I believe that much needs to be done in this area of education. What is your view of the current need of informing educators through such vehicles as DD form 98? Are you familiar with that, Colonel?

Colonel JOYCE. The DD form?

Senator THURMOND. DD 98.

Colonel JOYCE. No, sir, I am not familiar with that.

Senator THURMOND. That is the list of subversive organizations. Colonel JOYCE. Yes, sir, I am familiar with it. You are asking what my opinion is as to the informing of educators of this?

Senator THURMOND. Wouldn't it be helpful to the educators to have that guide available to them?

Colonel JOYCE. Possibly, yes. But because of the custom of the Communists to change the titles and names of organizations so frequently, I do not know how effective it might be.

Senator THURMOND. That is true. It would have to be kept up to date.

Colonel JOYCE. Yes, sir.

Senator THURMOND. That was a point brought out by a witness who testified several days ago.

Mr. Schrader further stated:

It has never occurred to most of these young folks (those who are duped into joining Communist youth organizations) that they could have avoided becoming enmeshed in Communist activities by a simple visit to a public library, where these subversive lists are made available.

It would be helpful, don't you think, if the attention of the students was called to the fact that these guides are available in the public