nuclear testing and the scrapping of U.S. military defenses. Reported in Peoples World, page 3, October 28, 1961. 44. On January 12, 1959, the Washington Post carried an appeal to the 86th Congress for appeasement with the U.S.S.R. General Hester was a signer of this advertisement. 45. General Hester was a signer of an advertisement which appeared in the New York Times, February 9, 1961, to abolish the House Un-American Activities Committee. 46. On March 1, 1961, General Hester was a signer of an appeal to stop the spread of nuclear weapons which was circulated by Linus Pauling to members of the Sane Nuclear War Committee. 47. On February 22, 1962, General Hester appeared as a signer of a full-page advertisement in the New York Times appealing for the abolishment of the House Un-American Activities Committee. 48. The Washington Post on January 2, 1961, included a two-page petition to the 87th Congress to abolish the House Un-American Activities Committee General Hester was a signer. 49. In January 1960 General Hester reviewed the book "Defense in the Nuclear Age" by Sir Stephen King-Hall. Hester foresees international cooperation through the U.N. in spite of the continued efforts of the "warmongers" and "vested interests" to prevent it. The review clearly indicates General Hester's intent to accommodate the Communists at the expense of U.S. security and military preparedness. The review appears in For Fellowship, dated January 1960. 50. On February 8, 1960, the New York Times carried a full-page advertisement favoring a ban on U.S. atomic testing and general disarmament programs. General Hester was a signatory. 51. On September 1, 1961, Moscow News Service broadcast in English for Western European consumption the message that "Sober voices are being heard ever more often in the United States, warning against the fatal consequences of unconditional support by the U.S. Government of the militaristic plans of the leaders of the German Federal Republic." General Hester, according to this broadcast was alleged to have warned the United States of the revanchist intent of the West German Bonn government and the West German Army against the people of Soviet Russia and also that it was "the opinion of many well-informed people that a rearmed West Germany was preparing to make a third attempt to establish world domination through war." The broadcast states that Hester, writing in the Nation magazine, “lays bare the real purpose of the American militaristic intent in Europe.' 52. On October 11, 1961, the Moscow News Service on medium wave programs in English beamed from Moscow to West Europe included the following statement: "In an article entitled 'Facts and Opinions on Berlin,' Gen. Hugh Hester, retired, demolishes some myths about West Berlin now being propagated by the American press. *** "The West Berlin Government,' he writes, 'is not free. It is not democratic. It was created by the British, French, and United States Governments-especially the latter-for use as a weapon against the Soviet bloc, and continues to be maintained for that purpose.' The remainder of the broadcast dwelled on General Hester's recommendation for U.S. accommodation to Soviet "peaceful intentions," and says that General Hester points out that the Soviet Union has repeatedly offered and is still offering to negotiate a reasonable settlement along these lines. 53. On November 3, 1961, from Moscow several Tass radio broadcasts in English included the following news report: "Pravda reprints an article in abridged form by Gen. Hugh Hester, retired, from the New World Review. He discusses the growing dissatisfaction of the American public with the policy of U.S. ruling circles on the German question and in the field of disarmament." 54. On November 8, 1961, the Cincinnati Post Times-Star included an article entitled "Retired General Is Fellow Traveler." It states: "Another 'political general'-this one a supporter of pro-Communist causes-turned up today." The article goes on to summarize General Hester's activities in opposition to U.S. security and defense objectives. He is reported in the article to have made the following statement: “Rearmament of West Germany constitutes betrayal of those who served our country in World Wars I and II." 55. On January 12, 1959, the Washington Post included an advertisement proposing unilateral disarmament as well as the admission of Red China to the U.N. The advertisement contained the instructions to address appeals to Senator Theodore F. Green as an indication of support. It was signed by Gen. Hugh B. Hester, along with other known repeaters in appeals of this type such as C. Wright Mills, A. J. Muste, and Linus Pauling. 56. The Baltimore Sun of April 24, 1961, carried a letter to the editor from Hester on policy toward Cuba. In this letter, Hester charges that the administration is "prepared to repeat the same errors in Cuba that the Khrushchev administration made in Hungary." 57. In April 1960, General Hester was announced one of four judges of the annual New World Review essay contest. (DOD report included the one of the following year-1961 by the New World Review-see item No. 19.) The 1960 contest was on the subject "A Peace Program for Our Country." Entries were due on May 15, 1960, at the New World Review office, 34 West 15th Street, New York, N.Y. 58. In an undated letter written in the summer of 1961 to the editor of the San Francisco Chronicle, General Hester promoted the usual disarmament and "ban the bomb" propaganda. His article "The Roard to Rome," in addition, attacks the Institute for American Strategy and other anti-Communist educational organizations. Of particular importance is his reference to the callup of Reserves last summer about which he says: "The improved increase of U.S. draftees by 'X thousand,' the callup of Reserves by 'Y divisions' and the increase of the miliary budget by "Z billions' will only increase our peril, not our security. These cannons will be matched, probably exceeded by the opposition, and so the rat race runs without hope of being checked." 59. Special Report No. 3 published by the Indian News "From the Heart of the United Piute Nation" from January 1, 1961, to May 15, 1961, deals with local Indian news in the Utah, Nevada, and Arizona area. This special report published at 218 East 300 South Street, St. George, Utah, includes on page 15 a plug for the book Listen Yankee, by Prof. C. Wright Mills, a member of the Fair Play for Cuba Committee. Also the article on Cuba by Brig. Gen. Hugh B. Hester, retired, is advertised for "10 cents with discount in quantity." It also states "It [Hester's report] agrees with what we already know, but it is not as strongly written as the works of General Holdridge.' Both General Hester and General Holdridge have concentrated on agitation of racial and ethnic groups, as well as promoting disarmament and the cessation of nuclear experiments. Apparently both General Hester and General Holdridge have established a reputation for reliability, using their ranks as retired generals as documentation. General Holdridge's return address is Post Office Box 719, St. George, Utah, and claims to be in the heart of the Indian country and in the midst of the true Mormons. 60. Under date of April 16, 1962, mimeographed letters on the letterhead of New World Review, a publication cited by both the Internal Security Subcommittee of the Senate and the House Un-American Activities Committee, over the signature of Hugh B. Hester, brigadier general, U.S. Army, retired, were widely disseminated. To the letter were attached three enclosures. The letter solicited subscriptions to New World Review and pointed out that the publication, New World Review, contained information which other publications would not print. As examples, the letter referred to the first enclosure which was a reprint of two letters to the editor written by Hester to the Christian Science Monitor and to an unnamed publication which, according to the reprint, were not printed by the publications to which addressed but were printed by New World Review. In the letter, Hester characterizes New World Review as a publication which "concentrates wholly on questions of East-West relations and the questions of peace and disarmament." The letter also states: "New World Review has regular commentaries and articles on AmericanSoviet and world relations and in addition contains information on China not generally available through the usual mass media, as well as articles on many of the uncommitted nations and on movements for colonial liberation." One of the letters reprinted in the first enclosure is entitled "Disengagement;" and the other is entitled "The Many Forms of Colonialism." At the end of the reprints there is a note entitled "General Hester Makes a Second Trip to Cuba." This note states: "As these reprints go to press, General Hester is making the second trip to Cuba, with Jesse Gordon. After his return, an account of the trip will be published in New World Review." The second enclosure was a business reply envelope addressed to New World Review, 34 West 15th Street, New York 11, N.Y. The third enclosure was an order blank for subscriptions to New World Review, with which was offered, as a bonus for subscription, free copies of pacifist, Communist, and pro-Communist publications. DOCUMENTS RECORDED BY THURMOND IN LIEU OF CALLING ADDITONAL WITNESSES Senator THURMOND. There are a number of specific matters which might have been covered fully by calling additional witnesses before the subcommittee. In the interest of saving time and expense, these matters can be adequately referenced by the inclusion of appropriate documents in the record of the hearings. I will explain the circumstances surrounding each of these specific matters and the pertinent parts of the documents which I shall furnish to the reporter and can be printed immediately following my explanation. At this time we will take a recess and come back at 2:30. (Whereupon, at 1:05 p.m., the subcommittee was in recess, to reconvene at 2:30 o'clock, the same day.) AFTERNOON SESSION Senator STENNIS (presiding). The subcommittee will come to order. I regret that I could not be here at the session this morning. Senator Thurmond? Senator THURMOND. Mr. Chairman, there are a number of specific matters which might have been covered fully by calling additional witnesses before the subcommittee. In the interest of saving time and expense, these matters can be adequately referenced by the inclusion of appropriate documents in the record of the hearings. I would explain the circumstances surrounding each of these specific matters and pertinent parts of the documents which I shall furnish to the reporter and can be printed immediately following my explanation. I will be glad to show these to you if you would like to look them over. Senator STENNIS. Well, there is one point that comes to my mind. Are these statements of people that would have been witnesses? Senator THURMOND. No, sir. In other words, we could have called witnesses who have brought out this information. But we have the documents, and I just thought we would put those in. Senator STENNIS. Well, I think it is customary that anything you wish to put in the record be described, because it becomes a part of the record. Are these matters of which you have personal knowledge? Senator THURMOND. Well, may I go off the record. Senator STENNIS. We will go off the record. (Discussion off the record.) DOCUMENTS WITH STATEMENTS BY THURMOND PLACED IN RECORD Senator STENNIS. We are back on the record. Mr. Reporter, this document that I hand you, which I designate No. 1, is a statement by Senator Thursmond and a document to which it refers, which begins with a letter dated May 3, 1962, from Mr. Vance. These will be admitted into the record. The understanding is, Senator, that the statement is your statement. Senator THURMOND. That is right, the statement is my statement, and the document would just follow my statement in each case. Senator STENNIS. The typewritten statement you have handed me that is designated No. 1, is your statement? Senator THURMOND. Yes, all the typewritten ones are my state ments. Senator STENNIS. No. 2 is Senator Thurmond's statement and admitted to the record as such. The one numbered 4 is admitted as a statement of fact by Senator Thurmond. The statements numbered 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, and 15 are all admitted into the record as statements of fact by Senator Thurmond. Senator THURMOND. And the documents will follow the statements appropriately. Senator STENNIS. The documents to which these statements refer will be admitted as exhibits to the statements themselves. And when Senator Thurmond says these are statements, of course they are admitted in the record. Senator THURMOND. I was going to read those, but it will save time this way. (The statements and documents referred to are as follows:) 1. The first of these items is as follows: On December 18, 1961, the subcommittee requested detailed information from the Department of Defense on the method of acquisition of the film, "Russia,' AFIF No. 87. It was not until May 3, 1962, that the subcommittee received an answer which outlined the unclassified contacts between the Directorate for Armed Forces Information and Education and the International Film Foundation. One hundred copies of this film were purchased at considerable expense to the U.S. Government. I have provided evidence during these hearings that the International Film Foundation and the executive director, Mr. Julien Bryan, have promoted the distribution of Communist propaganda films in the United States and engaged in other activities to confuse the American public on the basic issues of the struggle between freedom and communism. The reply from the Department of Defense is, in my opinion, entirely unsatisfactory. No indication has been provided as to what DOD intends to do to eliminate this harmful film from use in the services. It will be noted that the Department of Defense included a copy of the recorded narration of the film. The only possible value this transcript can have is that it once again confirms that we are dealing in this film with a subtle type of Communist coexistence and disarmament message. It will be noted that the film narration ends on an entirely negative position and states: "As the Kremlin waits, a group of young Americans sing and dance with Soviet students near Alma Ata in Russian central Asia. Some other such groups, in America as well as Russia, will be talking together and exchanging their opinions, for now both countries, the Soviet Union and the United States have agreed to widen their exchange of persons to include music and the arts, agriculture, medicine, and science, and even to encourage ordinary travelers." I cannot see how this type of message provided in an officially approved film could do anything but damage the sense of purpose and dedication to resist communism on the part of our young men who stand face to face with the Communist aggressors in southeast Asia, Berlin, and all the other cold war battlefronts. (The entire DOD correspondence follows:) GENERAL COUNSEL OF THE DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE, JAMES T. KENDALL, Esq., Chief Counsel, Preparedness Investigating Subcommittee, Senate Office Building. DEAR MR. KENDALL: Your letter of December 18, 1961, requests information concerning the origin and manner of acquisition of the Armed Forces Information Film No. 87, "Russia." The Directorate for Armed Forces Information and Education, Office of Assistant Secretary of Defense (Manpower), has informed me that: "The film, 'Russia', was produced by the International Film Foundation, Inc. The photography was done by Mr. Julien Bryan, the Executive Director of that organization. The film was brought to the attention of the Director of Armed Forces Information and Education in 1958. The Directorate for Armed Forces Information and Education conducted a screening for representatives from each of the four Services. As a result of this screening, the Services ordered copies of this film from the Directorate for Armed Forces Information and Education which procured 100 prints for each Military Department from the International Film Foundation, Inc. "A transcript of the film narration is attached. This transcript has been checked against the film narration and is accurate." Sincerely, CYRUS R. VANCE. THE COMPLETE RECORDED NARRATION From Julien Bryan's new color film, "Russia" The story of Russia is in two parts-one the Russia of the Tsars—the other, Russia under the Soviets-in each regime a story of tyranny and harsh despotic rule. Peter the Great, innovator and builder, was also a tyrant and a despot. Earlier there were harsh rulers like Ivan the Terrible who executed his own son. This was "old" Russia. Here Nicholas II, Tsar of all the Russians, was taking part with his family in formal ceremonies in the Kremlin-ceremonies symbolic of imperial tradition. The Tsar was all powerful-his most loyal bodyguards, the Cossacks, once the fiercest rebels against imperial authority. Then, as now, Russia offered fine life to the few, and a bleak, monotonous existence to the many. Most of them were illiterate peasants, like these workers at Astrakhan on the River Volga. Industry, although growing, was limited and the economy was basically agricultural. By Western standards the people were poor and uneducated. Yet these old documentary films, showing actual living conditions under the Tsar, are not shown today in the Soviet Union. Tsarist Russia is gone, and soon only people in homes for the aged will really remember those earlier times. Religion, a dominating force in Tsarist Russia, has survived over 40 years of attack by a government dedicated to atheism. Countless churches have been closed, but many millions of people, as in the village of Kazarevitchee in the Ukraine, are still strong in their faith. They have the courage to attend church-to believe in God. In Samarkand, in Central Asia, is the great mosque and teaching center for the Moslem world, known as the Registan. It was begun by Tamerlane in the year 1400. Today it is a museum. Nearby, however, Moslems still pray in a little mosque, despite the hardships imposed upon them. A man's basic need to worship God is not the only vestige of the old Empire to confound its new rulers. There is also the farmer's basic will to work his own land. The Russian peasant has always been the weakest link in the Soviet system. From the very beginning the peasants have resisted efforts to collectivize their farms. Ever since the land was first taken from the peasants in 1929, Russia's bureaucrats have had trouble in producing the crops she needs. Every year more machinery is used-more virgin land broken to the plow in Central Asia. But the Russians grow little more grain than 20 years ago. It takes five times as many farmers to till and to harvest 1,000 acres in Russia as it does in America. Much of the land is dry and poor in Central Asia. In order to increase food production, the Communists have been forced to make a curious concession; namely, on many collective farms each household has been given the use of an acre of land where a family can raise fruit and vegetables. They sell them in the open market at a good price—often much higher than the Government figure. For the work they do on the collective farm, they get paid in produce. Near the free market, where goods are expensive, is a Government market where they are cheaper, but scarce. All stores in the Soviet Union are state owned. Free enterprise is limited to what a man can do by himself, for the law forbids hiring an employee. The Russian winter which defeated Napoleon and Hitler is also very hard on members of a collective farm in White Russia, where for weeks on end the cold hits 10 and even 20 degrees below zero. In 1929, in protest against collectives, many peasants killed their animals. The Second World War caused the death of millions of cattle. Today there are no more animals than in 1928. Underneath, the Russian peasant is an individualist. He likes his own land best. A peasant woman feeds her own chickens when her work on the collective is done. On the collective farm everyone's attitude, even the truckdrivers, is |