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QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS, HEADQUARTERS 2D ARMY

1. Q. How is education on "Cold War" subjects, i.e., communism and its techniques of social, moral, economic, and psychological aggression, supervised at command level?

A. Supervised through training directives and staff visits.

2. Q. How many hours are allocated in training programs?

A. Number of hours devoted to the subject of communism and its related techniques depends upon frequency that this subject is prescribed by Department of the Army, Hq. USCONARC and Hq. 2d U.S. Army in quarterly guidance directives.

3. Q. How is it administered?

A. Through training programs lectures, use of posters, Army newspapers and films.

4. Q. What is qualification of instructors? tical experience).

(Background), (Schools), (Prac

A. Formal in-service training and schooling, practical experience, and individual academic background.

5. Q. What schools did instructors attend? (Information School, Psychological Warfare School, Intelligence School?)

A. In-service school background of instructors, to include Information School and Intelligence School, is varied.

6. Q. How much instruction on Communist methods of subversion, infiltration, propaganda, social and political agitation was given the instructors at these schools? (Hours, subjects, highlights.)

A. Unknown.

7. Q. Do the instructors know what constitutes a Communist front?

A. Familiar with organizations on Attorney General's list.

8. Q. How many of such "fronts" are there in the United States?

A. No exact figures are available; however, it is estimated that approximately 1,000 organizations are cited in the House Un-American Activities Committee Guide to Subversive Organizations and Publications.

9. Q. What is their objective?

A. Propagate the Communist Party line.
10. Q. What is "Fair Play for Cuba"?
A. Communist Front Organization.

11. Q. Who is Corliss Lamont?

A. Communist sympathizer alleged to have been a leading Communist Party member who has provided financial backing to front organizations.

12. Q. What do instructors know about the Communist front "Operation Abolition"?

A. The instructors interviewed have not seen the report, cited in Answer No. 14 below, which explained in great detail the background of the "Operation Abolition" movement related to the San Francisco youth riots.

13. Q. Have they seen the film which is named for the front?

A. The instructors interviewed have not seen the film.

14. Q. Have they seen the House Committee on Un-American Activities Report, "Communist Target-Youth" July 1960, No. 67564, published by Government Printing Office?

A. No. No copies of the House Un-American Activities Committee report have been disseminated to troops through publication channels; nor have any copies of this publication been given distribution to Information Offices.

15. Q. Is the film “Operation Abolition” used in troop training?

A. May be used on call, but may not be prescribed for training.

16. Q. Is it used in off-post orientation of Reserve units?

A. Special requests for this film from off-post Reserve units were honored. On certain occasions reserve component unit advisors have presented this film to personnel as a matter of interest.

17. Q. What is their reaction to the "controversy" created about this film?

A. No evidence available.

18. Q. Has the training film "Communist Blueprint for Conquest", AFIF 76, been used?

A. Yes.

19. Q. How often in the past three months?

A. Central Film and Equipment Exchange records indicate that this film was shown 26 times to Active Army and Reserve units, and 34 times to "others" during the period 1 July through 31 December 1961. No breakdown is given as to the

number of showings given during the last three months. Total attendance for all showings was 3,299.

20. Q. Has the training film "Communist Weapon of Allure," AFIF 15, been used? How often in the past three months?

A. Yes. Shown 14 times to Active Army and Reserve units and 18 times to "others" during the period 1 July to 31 December 1961. No breakdown is given as to the number of showings given during the last three months. Total attendance for all showings was 1,418.

21. Q. Has the training film "Challenge of Ideas," AFIF 98 been used? A. Yes.

22. Q. How often?

A. Shown 129 times to Active Army and Reserve units and 30 times to "others" during the period 1 July through 31 December 1961. Total attendance for all showings was 13,247.

23. Q. Has the training film "Russia," AFIF 87, been used?

A. Yes.

24. Q. How often in the last six months?

A. Shown 21 times to Active Army and Reserve units with a total attendance of 958.

25. Q. What are instructors' reactions to these films?

A. Unknown.

26. Q. How is the training film "Anatomy of Aggression," AFIF 108, integrated in training schedules?

A. Shown to all military personnel within Second Army area (60,777 in 635 showings) by 31 December 1961 as directed by Department of the Army. 27. Q. What is reaction to this film?

A. Unknown.

28. Q. Have command or staff officers objected to morally subversive or socially provocative commercial films, i.e., "The Defiant Ones," "The One Star General," "The Town Without Pity," "Never So Few," etc. showing in theaters on posts, camps, bases, and stations?

A. Only one of these films, "Town Without Pity," was shown on post (January 1962), and no information is available concerning officers viewing these films off-post. No objections received.

29. Q. What was context of such objections?

A. N/A.

30. Q. To whom were they directed?

A. N/A.

31. Q. What was reply or follow-up to such objection? (Copies of correspondence).

A. N/A.

32. Q. What is the view of "salacious" magazines and objectionable pocket books?

A. Objectionable.

33. Q. Who checks PX's, BX's and other military outlets for commercial publications for published material which could be considered "harmful" under existing DOD directives concerning "moral" guidance?

A. Chaplain and Exchange Officer.

34. Q. What is command feeling of such publications as "Peace Race," "The Un-American," "The Evergreen Review," "The Naked and the Dead," "Sir," "Man," "Stag." etc.

A. No evidence available concerning any command review of such publications.

35. Q. Does the Chaplain feel that he has an official responsibility to ferret out "salacious," morally subversive, or anti-American material?

A. Yes.

36. Q. To whom has the Chaplain communicated his objections?

A. No objections have been reported.

37. Q. What replies has he had?

A. N/A.

38. Q. Have the Intelligence Officers (G2/S2; OAI; OSI) screened such qustionable material for procommunist thinking and propaganda?

A. Not normally; however, upon occasional request of Commanders, commercial publications and authors noted by Commanders are checked against existing files for derogatory information concerning subject matter and/or author. Such information is furnished the Commander for his action under AR381-135.

39. Q. Are Intelligence Officers trained to detect morally subversive propaganda promoted by the Communists when they see it?

A. Yes. Intelligence Officers, school-trained at the Army Intelligence School and MOS qualified, have this qualification.

40. Q. Does the command have an officer/EM or civilian who is psychological warfare school trained to detect more subtle methods of Communist subversion and propaganda?

A. Not specifically.

41. Q. Does the command have a self-educated expert on Communist methods of subversion?

A. The command has several personnel who have attained a degree of expertness in knowledgeability of Communist methods of subversion.

42. Q. How did such an expert acquire his knowledge?

A. Knowledge has been acquired from school training, operational experience, extensive reading, and on-the-job training.

43. Q. Does the headquarters or unit have an officer, or civilian, who advises the commander on activities of "radical and/or extremists on the right" to avoid involvement with such activities and/or persons?

A. Yes.

44. Q. Does the commander feel that such advice should come from Intelligence, Information, Chaplain, or Psychological Warfare personnel?

A. From all four sources.

45. Q. If commanders do not get such advice, do they think they need it? (Remind them that General Walker did not have specialist in the field of psychological agitation and propaganda on his staff.)

A. Unknown. No evidence available as to cases of individual commanders expressing an opinion on this point.

46. Q. Have unit commanders received intelligence guidance on propaganda, subversion, and social agitation?

A. Yes.

47. Q. In what form?

A. Through monthly security orientations and the Second U.S. Army Monthly Intelligence Summary.

48. Q. Has Intelligence, Information, Psychological Warfare, or Chaplain offered to provide such guidance?

A. Yes, Intelligence and Troop Information presentations have been prescribed on topics related to countering enemy propaganda and on techniques used by Communists in the conduct of their fourth dimensional warfare.

49. Q. Are reliable anti-Communist paperbacks on sale in the PX's, BX's, etc. ("Masters of Deceit," "The War They Call Peace," "What We Must Know About Communism," "Red Star Over Cuba") ?

A. Yes.

50. Q. What action is taken on requests from public for military speakers to discuss the subject of communism?

A. Speakers are provided within appropriate capability, based on speaker's personal experiences.

51. Q. Who are outstanding experts on communism in the command or unit? A. Military Intelligence Officers.

52. Q. How is this person used in troop information, orientation, security, or educational lectures?

A. As a guest speaker, or assigned instructor.

53. Q. Have dependents living on military installations requested lecturers on communism?

A. Yes-PTA.

54. Q. Who gave such lectures?

A. Military Intelligence experts as guest speakers.

55. Q. Have dependents seen the film "Operation Abolition"?

A. No formal on-post showing of this film was given by this command.

56. Q. Who conducted such a showing?

A. N/A.

57. Q. Did they know the official Government position on these hearings? A. N/A.

58. Q. Have any military personnel or other officials the feeling they are officially "muzzled" in their efforts to promote better understanding of the threat of communism?

A. No opinions of this nature have been expressed.

59. Q. Has such "muzzling" taken the form of "silent treatment" (lack of direction, or vaguely worded instructions)?

A. N/A.

60. Q. What do troops learn of Communist treatment of prisoners of war? A. Troops receive instruction utilizing material contained in Department of the Army Pamphlet 30-101, 15 May 1956, "Communist Interrogation, Indoctrination, and Exploitation of Prisoners of War."

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64. Q. is Department of the Army "Communist Indoctrination, Interrogation, and exploitation of Prisoners of War," TM 30–101, used?

A. Yes.

65. Q. Is the film "Defense Against Enemy Propaganda," AIF No. 1, used in educating men on techniques of the Communists?

A. Yes.

66. Q. Is the "Major Mayer tape" discussing POW used?

A. No.

67. Q. Had it been used?

A. Unknown. No evidence available that tape was ever used.

68. Q. What are reactions to "Major Mayer tape"?

A. Unknown.

69. Q. Were there official instructions from DOD, OFIE recommending that "Major Mayer tape" not be used?

A. No, and neither has there been any instruction from higher headquarters recommending that any of the tapes made by Major Mayer be used.

70. Q. Has command made any recommendation to higher headquarters for improvement of training in Communist methods directed at undermining the American way of life? (Copies of such recommendations.)

A. Info Office, Hq. Second US Army has recommended to Hq USCONARC through informal discussion with the Troop Information Officer, USCONARC that a standardized presentation be developed by Department of the Army for each of the required hours on communism as set forth in AR 355–6, Troop Information Instruction. Purpose of this recommendation was to insure that Commanders would be provided firm guidance as to what they should emphasize and the scope of instruction they should follow in presenting topics on communism. Further, Info Officer, Second US Army recommended to Commandant, US Army Information School (in an informal discussion at the Army-wide Information Officers Conference at the Pentagon in November 1961) that the Information School publish standardized text presentations on communism.

71. Q. What was reply to such recommendations? (Copies of replies.)

A. Troop Information Officer, USCONARC stated that lesson plans and instructors' outlines should be developed by local commanders supervising such instruction. Commandant US Army Information School, stated that the school did not have the facilities or personnel to publish a standardized text at the present time.

72. Q. Is there any evidence at unit level that anti-Communist lectures, films, tapes were purposely discouraged? (Details.)

A. No.

73. Q. Is the Form 69 (Cited Subversive Organizations in the US) available to commanders, staffs, and troops?

A. There is no record of the existence of a Form 69 in the Department of the Army. The DA Form 98, which lists the organizations cited by the Attorney General, must be read and signed by all Army military personnel. The DA Form 1111, which lists the same organizations, must be read and signed by all Army civilian employees. The Forms 98 and 1111 are available to all military and civilian personnel.

74. Q. Is it posted on bulletin boards?

A. No. There is no known requirement that DA Forms 98 or 1111 be displayed on Bulletin Boards.

75. Q. What information is provided for troops on availability of government publications dealing with communism, Communist fronts, propaganda activities, espionage, Communist writers, etc.?

A. DA Pamphlet 355-50, Catalog of Information Materials, which includes publications of this type, is available to troops.

76. Q. Are local Communist fronts known?

A. Yes.

77. Q. How have they been documented?

A. Documented in House Un-American Activities Guide and local Intelligence Index files developed from official publications and sources.

78. Q. Does intelligence provide classified ("Confidential" or "Official Use Only") briefings on the influence of propaganda emanating from such fronts on military personnel?

A. Yes.

79. Q. Do responsible intelligence, information, psychological warfare and moral leadership personnel know of the Marxist School for Social Research and its operations in N.Y.C.?

A. Not under the title "Marxist School for Social Research"; however, it may be identical or integral to the "New York School for Marxist Studies," the "Institute of Marxist Studies," or the "New York School for Social Research." The activities of the three latter organizations are known and documented by responsible intelligence personnel.

80. Q. Are local intelligence summaries of field commands read by operating officials to determine extent of communist propaganda activities?

A. Yes.

81. Q. Do local operating officials study such intelligence summaries to determine extent of "Fascist" or other socially disturbing influences in the local area?

A. G2, Second Army studies such summaries. No evidence is available to determine extent to which individual Commanders "study" this type of material. 82. Q. How is normal "troop information" program received by military personnel (Sleep-disinterested, etc?) Obtain copies of instructors' outlines on subjects dealing with communism?

A. On a par with other types of military instruction, effectiveness of which depends upon individual instructor's knowledge of the subject, preparation, enthusiasm, and particular method of delivery. (See Tabs B, C, and G.)

83. Q. Are local military newspapers used to foster understanding of conflict between Freedom and Communism? (Obtain copies of examples.) A. Yes. (See Tab E.)

84. Q. Have local commanders received the Secretary of Defense's statement (6 September 1961) concerning the menace of communism and Communist plans for worldwide domination? (Sen. Res. 191 and Sen. Bush's recommendation to have Sec. Def.'s statement disseminated to all military personnel.)

A. Yes.

85. Q. How was this statement disseminated?

A. Department of Defense News Release.

86. Q. Were military newspapers used? (Obtain copies of releases printed) A. Yes. (See Tab E.)

87. Q. Are military newspapers used regularly to disseminate educational items concerning methods of Communist subversion and propaganda?

copies of such releases.)

A. Yes. (See Tab E.)

(Obtain

88. Q. Has the local command supported "Cold War" or "Strategy" seminars on military installations?

A. Yes.

(Details.)

a. The following regional Cold War Strategy Seminars, conducted for Reserve officers and community leaders as followup activities of the Defense Strategy Seminars, were encouraged, and, to some extent, administratively supported by this command:

(1) Fourth Dimensional Warfare Seminar, Washington, D.C., 27-28 Feb 1960. Held in Fifth Floor Auditorium, The Pentagon.

(2) Fourth Dimensional Warfare Seminar, Baltimore, Md., 16 April 1960. Held in Hunter Hall, Fort Holabird, Md.

(3) Fourth Dimensional Warfare Seminar, Richmond, Va., 30 April 1960. Held in Main Post Theater, Fort Lee, Va.

(4) Fourth Dimensional Warfare Seminar, Norfolk, Va., 1 May 1960. Held in Mariannas Hall, Armed Forces Staff College, Norfolk, Va.

(5) Seminar in Fourth Dimensional Warfare, Philadelphia, Pa., 21 January 1961. Held in Auditorium, Philadelphia Quartermaster Depot, Philadelphia, Pa.

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