paper.

The author's name is known to the editors, but for obvious reasons he has asked that it not be used in this public report.

EDITOR, NEW AMERICA, New York N.Y.

NOVEMBER 10, 1961.

DEAR SIRS: Your excellent article "Rightist Fred Schwarz Humbles Life Magazine," which appeared in the November 10th issue of New America, recalled to my mind a hot August in 1959 when the naval station and 8th Naval District Headquarters in New Orleans were subjected to Mr. Schwarz' "brainwashing" for two days.

Mr. Schwarz' visit was coordinated through the Chaplain's Office, 8th Naval District. Heavy pressure was exerted from the commandant on down, making it nearly mandatory for the entire officer corps of the headquarters and naval station to attend at least part of the sessions. The inducement for the enlisted men was the opportunity to vary routine by skipping regular work for the movies and lectures of Mr. Schwarz. This "seminar" was held in the auditoriummovie theater, which is a naval building. Naval equipment, such as projectors, etc. were freely used by Mr. Schwarz, and naval personnel ran these machines. Make no mistake, Mr. Schwartz gave a first rate performance. He is a very able speaker and knows just what he is about. He warned us against anything left of McCarthy. The auditorium was generally filled. The commandant officially introduced Mr. Schwarz, and the "seminar" was as official as it could possibly be.

The speaker impressed me as being long on conclusions and very short on facts backing them up. However, the general crusade atmosphere conjured up by him created an enthusiasm which left little room for analytic judgment on the part of the audience.

Mr. Schwarz was equally effective in separating the sailor from his cash. He had a variety of books, pamphlets, subscriptions, memberships, etc., for sale and I was amazed at the response.

The 2-day visit of Mr. Schwarz to the naval station did not end his influence on the 8th Naval District. His speeches were recorded by Navy machines on Navy tapes by naval technicians. Copies of these tapes were distributed by the Chaplain's Office, 8th Naval District, to the various Reserve components throughout the 8th Naval District. For example, listening to these tapes was required of all the officers in the Naval Reserve Intelligence Program, 8th Naval District. Hence the number of naval officers and men who listened to the speeches of Mr. Schwarz numbered well into the thousands.

You can see, then, why I was interested in your article. I've seen Mr. Schwarz in action and can testify from experience that he is a powerful influence against liberal thought.

Sincerely,

A FORMER NAVAL OFFICER STATIONED AT U.S.N.S., NEW ORLEANS. Some months after the Fulbright memo was submitted to Defense Secretary McNamara, during the week of September 22, 1961, Army Reservists in San Antonio, Tex., received a communication from Lt. Col. Ira L. Beard informing them that an "Americanism seminar" would be held at the municipal auditorium. The seminar was endorsed by the junior chamber of commerce and the U.S. Fourth Army. The lieutenant colonel's letter stated, "Personnel from this office will be available at the municipal auditorium to assist individual reservists in preparing D.A. Form 1380 for the award of point credit" and asked the reservists to give the program "wide publicity."

The featured speakers at the seminar were Senator Strom Thurmond, Gen. Albert C. Wedemeyer, contributing editor of the Birch Society journal "American Opinion"; W. Cleon Skousen, of the American Security Council and Christian Anti-Communism Crusade; Col. R. B. Thieme, a frequent speaker for the National Education Program of Searcy, Ark.; and Dr. Gerhart Niemeyer.

A hot controversy over the program developed among citizens of San Antonio according to the liberal, authoritative weekly, the Texas Observer.

The Local N.A.A.C.P. denounced the seminar and described Thurmond as a "race-baiter" and the other speakers as "either members of the Birch Society or sympathetic thereto". The Texas Observer quoted a local Negro leader as stating the seminar would feature a "Birch, Thurmond, Eastland" philosophy, and called Thurmond "the worst race-baiter that anyone knows." But the official publication of the South Texas Chamber of Commerce, the South Texas, said, "It is time for the American people to decide who is going to run this

country-patriots or pinks." "The latest sneaky deed by the 'liberals'," said the chamber's paper, "is a private memorandum by Senator Fulbright * ** sent to the Defense Department."

When Arthur Sylvester, Assistant Secretary of Defense, was contacted by La Prensa, an English-Spanish newspaper, he said the 4th Army is "lending administrative assistance, not cosponsoring the seminar," but the public information officer of the 4th Army, Lt. Col. John Thisler, saw it differently. According to the Observer, when asked "if the 4th Army was cosponsoring the program or merely giving assistance to it," Thisler replied, "Either way you want it cosponsoring or supporting-it means the same thing." The seminar was held as scheduled.

Other military misdemeanors not reported in the Fulbright memo, though they occurred before the memo was written, were the following events:

1. "Attention, all hands," read the January 9, 1961, notice from Cmdr. J. H. Allen to the men of the U.S. Navy Electronics Laboratory in San Diego, Calif. Officers and sailors were urged to attend a San Diego "Freedom Forum," produced by the National Education Program and held at the U.S. Grant Hotel. Included in Commander Allen's notice was a copy of the program and a coupon for attendance at the forum.

The program featured two top active military leaders and a host of extreme rightist civilians. The military spokesmen were Vice Adm. E. C. Ekstrom, U.S.N. COMNAVAIRPAC, and Rear Adm. H. L. Miller, U.S.N. Chief of Staff, COMNAVAIRPAC. The civilians were Glen A. Green, then of the National Education Program and now a full time coordinator for the John Birch Society; Dr. George S. Benson, president of the National Education Program and Harding College; Dr. Clifton Ganus of Harding College; Edward Peterson, billed as a "former naval intelligence officer," who spoke on "How Communism Is Financed by the Sale of Narcotics in the United States"; Dr. William E. Fort, education director of the extremist California Free Enterprise Association; Dr. Kenneth D. Wells, president of Freedom's Foundation of Valley Forge, Pa., an ultrarightist organization; and Chief Inspector William C. Sullivan of the FBI who also graces the platform of the Institute for American Strategy.

(For audio-visual entertainment the sailors were shown "Communism on the Map.")

2. California's Point Mugu Naval Base and Oxnard Air Force Base are physically adjacent to each other. They also appear to be led by officers who share rightwing political views. On June 4, 1961, the San Francisco Chronicle reported that Lt. Stephen Huffaker, Oxnard's information officer, had “given 5 talks on the Communist threat, to civil, veteran, and church groups" in a 5-month period. "In one oration almost 2 hours long," the Chronicle reported, “he attacked American schools, churches, and newspapers for being soft on communism." He also denounced "Governor Brown for criticizing the ultraconservative John Birch Society." The Chronicle reported that the lieutenant "implied at one point that his views were shared by his own superior Col. Lee Lambert, the Oxnard base commander and by Rear Adm. Jack P. Monroe at nearby Point Mugu."

When interviewed by the Chronicle, Admiral Monroe "said he admired Dr. Fred C. Schwarz, who heads the Christian Anti-Communism School at Long Beach." He also termed "unfortunate" the Defense Department's withdrawal of "Communism on the Map" for use by the military.

3. In his memo, Senator Fulbright wrote, "It is not the function of the military to educate the public on political issues.” Yet, there exists an important military institution engaged in year-round political "education" of the public: The Industrial College of the Armed Forces. One of the three main activities of the college, which is operated by the Joint Chiefs of Staff, is conducting national security seminars for predominantly civilian audiences throughout the country. Precisely 14 seminars are run every year, each in a different city, and each lasting 2 weeks. The instructors are all members of the Armed Forces. Their lecture topics include "Public Opinion," "U.S. Foreign Policy," "Free Europe," "Captive Europe," "Africa," etc. Tens of thousands of civilians are indoctrinated at these seminars each year. In strict military fashion each lecture begins and ends with the ringing of a buzzer.

Most of these national security seminars are sponsored jointly by the Industrial College of the Armed Forces and the local chamber of commerce. Never are they cosponsored with labor unions, co-ops, or liberal groups.

4. The National War College, in addition to operating strategy seminars with the Institute for American Strategy, regularly uses extreme rightwing lecturers.

These include Dr. Fred Schwarz, Frank R. Barnett, James Burnham, of the rightist magazine National Review, and Dr. Richard Walker, who was reported by the Atlanta Journal of March 11, 1961, to have publicly charged Under Secretary of State Chester Bowles with "doing a grave disservice to his country" by advocating modification of U.S. policy on China. Dr. Schwarz also has lectured to the Joint Chiefs of Staff and the Central Intelligence Agency according to publicity material of his Christian Anticommunism Crusade.

Another of the crusade's stalwarts, Constantine Baldyreff, is described in their printed literature as a "lecturer in the psychological warfare program of the U.S. Air Force." Baldyreff, a top figure of a Russian Fascist and anti-Semitic exile organization known as the Solidarists (NTS), gained notoriety in the forties by his claim that he could overthrow the Soviet regime if President Truman gave him $100 million. Significantly, rumor has it among democratic, anti-Communist Russian exiles, that the Solidarists are now actually subsidized by the U.S. Air Force. Inquiry of Secretary of the Air Force Eugene Zuckert, as to whether Baldyreff actually lectures for them brought an evasive reply, neither affirming nor denying the charge.

5. Gen. Edwin Walker was transferred and rebuked for his rightist activities. Yet at least one top military officer has been equally, if not more, militant in indoctrinating his men with extremist views. Vice Adm. Robert Goldthwaite, Chief of Naval Air Training, and commandant of the Naval Air Station at Pensacola, Fla., has conducted a virtual one-man crusade for rightwing extremism from coast to coast. He works closely with the national education program and Harding College of Searcy, Ark. The following are some of Admiral Goldthwaite's activities:

Item: Together with a group of subordinates, the admiral made a flying visit to the headquarters of the NEP in Searcy. On his return he wrote a letter on his official stationery dated March 4, 1960, thanking Birchite Glen Green of the NEP "for the wonderful reception and inspiring presentation that you gave me and my group at Searcy." "You and your organization," he continued, "are to be commended for the exceptionally effective work that you are doing in sponsoring education in, and appreciation for, the American way of life. We will continue to do all that we can to carry this message to the personnel of the Naval Air Training Command, and to the civilian communities with which we have contact."

Item: In pursuit of this objective, Goldthwaite was the organizer of Project Alert in Pensacola, which was designed "to alert military and civilian personnel to the problems of Communist infiltration." Project Alert used NEP officers Clifton Ganus and Glen Green in its programs. The entire community was flooded with NEP propaganda, including the film "Communism on the Map" and various printed materials.

Item: Under Admiral Goldthwaite's leadership, the Pensacola base organized an interstate conference which carried Project Alert into Georgia and South Carolina.

Item: When Capt. Kenneth J. Sanger, commander of Sands Point Naval Air Station in Seattle was under attack for his rightist activities, he produced written evidence of support by Admiral Goldthwaite.

Item: The admiral was a featured speaker on November 11, 1960, at the Corpus Christi, Tex., Naval Air Station's "Workshop for American Strategy," which was reported in Senator Fulbright's memorandum. The program was attended by 450 civilians and 600 military personnel. Admiral Goldthwaite spoke on "The Dual Challenge."

Item: When the Glenview Naval Air Base in Glenview, Ill., sponsored its anti-Communist seminar on August 28 and September 2, 1960, the program did not include Admiral Goldthwaite. The Fulbright memorandum, which gives a summary of the Glenview program, therefore did not mention Goldthwaite in this connection. However a photograph of the admiral taken at the conference, appeared in the October 1960 issue of the newsletter of the Christian Anticommunism Crusade. Standing beside him in the photograph were Fred Schwarz; Rear Adm. W. McKechnie, Chief of Naval Air Reserve training; Maj. William Mayer, USAF, and Comdr. Isiah Hampton, of the Glenview station. Item: The newspaper Free Enterprise is published by Rev. Billy James Hargis' extreme rightist organization, We the People. In the May 1961 issue of Free Enterprise there appeared a letter from a sailor at the Pensacola Naval Air Station, of which Admiral Goldthwaite is commandant, stating that the leadership school of his station lists We the People as a source of material in the fight against communism.

V. CAMOUFLAGE STRATEGY

Perhaps the single most important center that brings together the moguls of the military-industrial complex and the high priests of the ultraright is the Institute for American Strategy. One would not expect to find an actual institution that formally served this purpose, and the greater part of their contact undoubtedly remains informal and behind closed doors, yet the IAS does exist and does carry on some of its functions in public. The Fulbright memorandum reports on some of them, in particular the role of the institute in taking over some of the political training functions of the National War College. But Senator Fulbright did not report other important activities of the IAS, nor does he do justice to the true rightist flavor that pervades the organization.

The Institute for American Strategy was formed in 1958 by "educators, industrialists, scientists, and senior officers from all branches of the Armed Forces." The keyman in the organization was and still is Frank Rockwell Barnett, a graduate of the University of Illinois, a former Rhodes scholar, and a very sophisticated and energetic individual with a penchant for devising new schemes for intensifying the cold war. He was the one, for example, who first proposed the plan, which was actually adopted, for creating a unit in the U.S. forces made up of refugees from Communist countries. More recently he came up with a proposal, which has been put forward in the Senate but not yet acted upon, for the organization of a cold war strategy center with the dual purpose of devising paramilitary techniques and intensifying cold war fervor at home. Barnett thinks politically. His politics are reactionary.

It was Barnett who hatched the idea of the Institute for American Strategy and it was through him that the funds became available. He was then, as he is now, research director of the Richardson Foundation, the organization that put up the money for the formation of the IAS and its principal source of funds to this day.1

The institute carries on a variety of activities although it has but one aim: the intensification of the arms race with the objective of total American victory, by force of nuclear weapons if necessary. It sees all negotiation toward disarmament, disengagement or nuclear test bans as "defeatism." Instead it proposes a more energetic pursuit of the cold war, with special emphasis on "fourth dimensional warfare," which in essence means aggressive action on the "enemy's" territory by paramilitary methods. Barnett defines fourth dimensional warfare as a "tough minded" approach embracing "diverse forms of coercion and violence, including strikes and riots, economic sanctions, subsidies for guerrilla or proxy warfare, and when necessary kidnaping or assassination of enemy elites."

To further these objectives the IAS relies upon bringing together top industrial executives, admirals, generals, and other influential members of the power elite whom it mobilizes to act as the motor force for putting its program into effect. And it works. The very year after the institute was founded it had already been invited in by the Joint Chiefs of Staff to take over some of the key functions of the National War College. The alarming thing about this, of course, is that it reveals a vacuum, a bankruptcy of ideas in top U.S. military circles and, what's worse, a willingness on the part of the Joint Chiefs to completely defy administration policy. For at the very moment that the IAS was teaching the officers at the National War College that negotiation with the Russians was "defeatism," the Government of the United States was engaged in negotiation toward an inspected ban on bomb tests.

At the same time the IAS was doing its utmost to light a fire under the administration by mobilizing public sentiment against U.S. foreign policy. At a regional strategy seminar of the IAS in Chicago on September 23-24, 1960, before an audience of 1,200 persons, Read Adm. Chester Ward, USN

1 The Richardson Foundation, which is headquartered in North Carolina, had assets of over $13 million in 1958. It derives its money from the Vick Chemical Co. The foundation is prominently featured in Senator Fulbright's memorandum on rightist activities in the Armed Forces. It is also the major contributor to the Foreign Policy Research Institute of the University of Pennsylvania, a "let's get tough" school headed by Robert Strausz-Hupe, Stefan T. Possony, and Maj. William R. Kintner. In 1958, 1959, and 1960, the foundation contributed $153,880 to the Foreign Policy Research Institute, $108,000 to the Institute of American Strategy, and an additional $50,000 to both, to finance the 1959 National War College seminar operated by the IAS, the FPRI, and the Armed Forces. Other organizations financed by the Richardson Foundation include the rightwing American Enterprise Association, the Navy League, and the Robert E. Lee Memorial Foundation. In 1959, $25,000 was contributed to a South African leadership exchange program in Johannesburg to bring over white apologists for the racist apartheid system.

(retired), thundered, "So what is their (the Communists') strategy of conquest? They sell us on idealistic overoptimistic escape solutions, each one of which cumulatively weakens our strength, our resolve, our will to resist. Disarmament; nuclear test ban negotiations; the United Nations; world peace through world law. Each one at best a diversion; at worst a fatal trap."

Referring to the Geneva negotiations for an inspected ban on nuclear tests, which were then going on, Admiral Ward continued, "The patently phony character of the reasons our 'trust-the-Communists, agreement-at-any-price, understand-the-Russian-fears' boys have pushed off on our public and the White House make it incredible that bad judgment alone is responsible for this suicidal negotiation by the United States."

Winding up, the admiral demanded a national objective of "victory over communism.' Then he said, "Instead, you know what our national objective is ***? You wouldn't believe it. It's world peace through enforcible law. In other words, some of our leaders seem to have a surrender complex."

Among the cosponsors of the rally at which Admiral Ward spoke these words were the 5th U.S. Army, the 9th U.S. Naval District, The Naval Air Reserve Training Command, the 10th U.S. Air Force, the 9th Marine Corps and recruitment district and a host of civilian organizations including the Illinois Manufacturers Association, the Illinios Chamber of Commerce, the American Legion, the VFW, the American Security Council and the Chicago Press Club. The title of the meeting was "Peace Is War."

Again, this time when the Kennedy administration was in office, the IAS was behind a regional conference in Pittsburgh on April 15, 1961. Admiral Ward was billed as the feature speaker and according to the newspaper, Pittsburgh Press, he attacked President Kennedy and Ambassador Adlai Stevenson for pursuing "appeasement" and "surrender" policies. The official program of the conference advised participants to "Be on the alert for Communist sympathizers in your community," and "Identify public officials and policies displaying softness toward communism."

"Assistance and support" was given to the above conference, according to the official program, by Lt. Gen. Ridgely Gaither, commanding general, 2d U.S. Army, and his staff, and Maj. Gen. Ralph C. Cooper, commanding general, XXI U.S. Army Corps, and his staff.

With this line, it is not surprising that Frank Barnett is a regular speaker for Fred Schwarz' Christian Anti-Communism Crusade. Nor that he is an opponent of social welfare programs at home. "If the American people do not do their homework on Mao, Lenin, and Clausewitz," warns the IAS director in an article in the March 1961 issue of Military Review, "they are likely to put pressure on Washington for more social welfare."

What is surprising is that he allows a rank amateur like Col Gunther Hartell to run his affiliated group in New York State. Hartell is the director of American Strategy, Inc., whose letterhead states, "Associated with the Institute for American Strategy." But the job that he does in New York doesn't compare with Barnett's in sophistication. As a matter of fact, it might even be called crackpot, although that has not prevented Hartell from enjoying some successes. His "line" is this: Communism's major weapon for undermining the United States is debauchery. By corrupting our morals, says Hartell, they sap our vitality. And by sapping our vitality they soften us up for conquest.

This vital message the colonel hammers at by spoken and written word throughout the Empire State. Speaking at a Freedom Forum of the National Education Program in Briarcliff Manor, N.Y., on May 12, 1961, the Ossining Citizen Register reported that he "explained how American freedom of speech provides the Communist propagandists with their most valuable weapon *** the Soviet technique of 'emotionalizing' American social ills until they become major national problems, such as integration *** also the use of sex themes and pornography in books, films, the theater, and television, by Communist writers and producers to debauch basic American decency," was described by Colonel Hartell.

An example of this debauchery is the play "Three Penny Opera," says the American Strategy pamphlet "He Tinkered With Men's Minds." The play brings "Marxian dialectics" to the stage, and is "morally, sexually, ethically, and physiologically depraved." It is disturbing, says the pamphlet, that "Americans do not fully comprehend how the enemy is working to deceive us and undermine us socially and morally."

For further reading, Hartell issues a reading list entitled "Combating Communism." Featured in it are the rightists magazines Human Events, Counterattack,