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475
H65
1824 v.3
CONTENTS
OF
THE THIRD VOLUME.
SUMMARY OF BIBLICAL GEOGRAPHY AND ANTIQUITIES.
PART I. A SKETCH OF THE HISTORICAL AND PHYSICAL GEO-
GRAPHY OF THE HOLY LAND.
CHAPTER I. Historical Geography of the Holy Land.
1. Names.-II. Boundaries.-III. Inhabitants before the conquest of Canaan by
the Israelites.-IV. Divisions by Joshua.-Allotments of the Twelve Tribes.
V. The Kingdom under David and Solomon.-VI. The Kingdoms of Judah
and Israel. VII. Divisions in the time of Jesus Christ.-VIII. Account of the
City of JERUSALEM :-Its situation;-2. Names;-3. Fortifications and Walls;
-4. Remarkable Buildings;-5. Notice of the successive Captures of the City;
-6. Sketch of its Present State.-IX. Historical Epochs.
CHAPTER II. Physical Geography of the Holy Land
Page 1
I. Climate.-II. Seasons.-1. Seed Time.-2. Winter.-3. The Cold Season, or
Winter Solstice.-4. Harvest.-5. Summer.-6. The Hot Season.-Heavy
dews.-III. Rivers, lakes, wells, and fountains.-IV. Mountains.-V. Vallies.
-VI. Caves.-VII. Plains.-VIII. Deserts.-Horrors and dangers of travel-
ling in the Great Desert of Arabia.-IX. Productions of the Holy Land.-Ve-
getables, Animals, and Mines.-Testimonies of antient and modern authors to
its Fertility and Population.-Its present degraded and comparatively unculti-
vated state accounted for.-X. Calamities with which this Country was visited.
-1. The Plague.-2. Earthquakes.-3. Whirlwinds.-4. The Devastations
of Locusts.-5. Famine.-6. Volcanoes.-7. The Simoom or Pestilential Blast
of the desert.
27
PART II. POLITICAL ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS.
CHAPTER I. Different Forms of Government from the Patriarchal
Times to the Babylonian Captivity.
1. Patriarchal government.-II. Government under Moses a theocracy; its na-
ture and design.-1. Notice of the heads or princes of tribes and families.-2.
Of the Jethronian Prefects or judges appointed by Moses.-3. Of the Senate,
or council of seventy assessors.-4. Scribes.-III. Government of the Judges.
-IV. Regal government instituted ;-the functions and Privileges of the
Kings; Inauguration of the kings;-Scriptural Allusions to the courts of
sovereigns and princes explained.-V. Revenues of the kings of Israel-VI
Magistrates under the Monarchy.-VII. Officers of the Palace.-VIII. The
Royal Harem.-IX. Promulgation of Laws.-X. Schism between the twelve
tribes;-the kingdoms of Israel and Judah founded;-their duration and
end.
Page 75
CHAPTER II. Political State of the Jews, from their Return from the
Babylonish Captivity, to the Subversion of their Civil and Ecclesi-
astical Polity.
SECTION I. Political State of the Jews under Asmonaan Princes, and
the Sovereigns of the Herodian Family.
I. Brief account of the Asmonæan princes.-II. Herod the Great-St. Mat-
thew's narrative of his murder of the infants at Bethlehem confirmed.-III.
Archelaus.-IV. Herod Antipas.-V. Philip.-VI. Herod Agrippa.-VII
Agrippa junior.
96
SECTION II. Political State of the Jews under the Roman Procurators,
to the Subversion of their Civil and Ecclesiastical Polity.
1. Powers and functions of the Roman Procurators.-II. Political and Civil
State of the Jews under their Administration.-III. Account of Pontius Pilate.
-IV. And of the procurators Felix and Festus.
102
CHAPTER III. Courts of Judicature, Legal Proceeding, and Criminal
Law of the Jews.
SECTION I. Jewish Courts of Judicature, and Legal Proceedings.
Inferior judges.-II. Seat of justice.--III. Appeals.-Constitution of the San-
hedrim or Great Council.-IV. Form of Legal Proceedings among the Jews.
-1. Citation of the Parties.--2, 3. Form of Pleading in Civil and Criminal
Cases.-4. Witnesses.-5. The Lot, in what cases used judicially.-6. Forms
of Acquittal.-7. Summary Justice, sometimes clamorously demanded.—V.
Execution of Sentences, by whom, and in what manner performed.
SECTION II. Of the Roman Judicature, Manner of Trial, and Treat-
ment of Prisoners, as mentioned in the New Testament.
-
106
I. Judicial Proceedings of the Romans.-II. Privileges and Treatment of Roman
citizens, when Prisoners.-III. Appeals to the Imperial Tribunal.-IV. The
Roman method of fettering and confining criminals.-V. The Roman Tribu-
nals.-VI. The Areopagus of the Athenians.
SECTION III. On the Criminal Law of the Jews.
115
I. CRIMES AGAINST GOD.-1. Idolatry.-2. Blasphemy.-3. Falsely prophesying.
-4. Divination.-5. Perjury.-II. CRIMES AGAINST PARENTS AND RULERS.-
III. CRIMES AGAINST PROPERTY.-1. Theft.-2. Man-stealing.-3. The Crime
of denying any thing taken in trust, or found.-4. Regulations concerning
Debtors.-IV. CRIMES AGAINST THE PERSON.-1. Murder.-2. Homicide.-3.
Corporal Injuries.-4. Crimes of Lust.-5. CRIMES OF MALICE.
126
SECTION IV. On the Punishments mentioned in the Scriptures.
Design of Punishments.-Classification of Jewish Punishments.-I. PUNISH-
MENTS, NOT CAPITAL-1. Scourging.-2. Retaliation.-3. Pecuniary fines.-4.
Offerings in the nature of punishment.-5. Imprisonment.-Oriental mode
of treating prisoners.-6. Depriving them of Sight.-7. Cutting or plucking
off the Hair.-8. Excommunication.-II. CAPITAL PUNISHMENTS.-1. Slaying
with the Sword.-2. Stoning.-3. Decapitation.-4. Precipitation.-5. Drown-
ing.-6. Bruising in a mortar.-7. Dichotomy, or cutting asunder.-8. Tvμma-
vouos, or beating to death,-9. Exposing to Wild Beasts.-10. Burning to
Death-11. Crucifixion.-(1.) Prevalence of this mode of punishment among
the antients.-(2.) Ignominy of Crucifixion.-(3.) The circumstances of our
Saviour's Crucifixion considered and illustrated.
136
CHAPTER IV. On the Jewish and Roman Modes of computing Time,
mentioned in the Scriptures.
1. Days.-II. Hours.-Watches of the Night.-III. Weeks.-IV. Months.-
V. Years, civil, ecclesiastical, and natural.-Jewish Calendar.—VI. Parts of
time taken for the whole.-VII. Remarkable æras of the Jews.
Page 160
CHAPTER V. On the Tribute and Taxes mentioned in the Scriptures.
I. Annual Payments made by the Jews for the support of their sacred worship.
-II. Tributes paid to their own Sovereigns.-III. Tributes and Customs paid
by them to foreign powers.-Notice of the Money-changers.-IV. Account of
the Publicans or Tax-gatherers. 176
CHAPTER VI. On the Treaties, or Covenants, and Contracts of the
Jews.
I. Whether the Jews were prohibited from concluding treaties with heathen
nations.-II. Treaties, how made and ratified.-Covenant of Salt.-Allusions
in the Scriptures to the making of Treaties or Covenants.-III. Contracts for
the sale and cession of alienable property, how made. 180
CHAPTER VII. Of the Military Affairs of the Jews and other Nations
SECTION I. On the Military Discipline of the Jews.
I. The earliest wars, predatory excursions.-II. Character of the wars of the Is-
raelites. Their Levies, how raised.-Cherethites and Pelethites.-Standing
armies of the sovereigns of Israel.-III. Divisions, and Officers of the Jewish
armies ;-which were sometimes conducted by the kings in person.-IV. En-
campments.-V. Military Schools and Training-VI. Defensive Arms.-VII.
Offensive Arms.-VIII. Fortifications.-IX. Mode of declaring war.-X. Or-
der of battle.-Treatment of the slain, of captured cities, and of captives.-
XI. Triumphant Reception of the Conquerors.--XII. Distribution of the
Spoil.-Military Honours conferred on eminent warriors.
135
SECTION II. Allusions in the New Testament to the Military Discipline
and Triumphs of the Romans.
1. Roman Military Officers mentioned in the New Testament.-II. Allusions to
the Armour of the Romans.-III. To their Military Discipline.-Strict Sub-
ordination-Rewards to Soldiers who had distinguished themselves.-IV.
Allusions to the Roman Triumphs. 211
PART III. SACRED ANTIQUITIES OF THE JEWS, AND OF OTHER
NATIONS INCIDENTALLY MEentioned in tHE SCRIPTURES.
CHAPTER I. Of Sacred Places.
SECTION I. Of the Tabernacle.
217
1. Different Tabernacles in use among the Israelites.-II. THE TABERNACLE, SO
called by way of eminence, not of Egyptian origin-Its Materials.-III. Form
and construction of the Tabernacle.-Its Contents.-IV. Its Migrations. 219.
SECTION II. Of the Temple.
I. The Temple of Solomon.-II. The Second Temple.-Its various Courts.-
Reverence of the Jews for it.
226
SECTION III. Of the High Places, and Proseucha, or Oratories of
the Jews.
I. Of the High Places.-II. Of the Proseucha, or Oratories.
SECTION IV. Of the Synagogues.
Page 233
I. Nature and origin of Synagogues.-The Synagogue of the Libertines ex-
plained. II. Form of the Synagogues.-III. The Officers or Ministers.-IV.
The service performed in the Synagogues.-V. On what days performed.-VI.
Ecclesiastical Power of the Synagogues.-VII. The Shemoneh Esreh, or
nineteen Prayers used in the Synagogue service.
CHAPTER II. Sacred Persons.
SECTION I. Of the Jewish Church and its Members.
238
I. The whole nation accounted holy.-II. Members of the Jewish Church;
Hebrews of the Hebrews.-III. Proselytes.-IV. Jews of the Dispersion.-V.
Hellenistic Jews.-VI. The Libertines.-VII. Devout Men.-VIII. Circum-
cision. IX. Proselytes how introduced into the Jewish Church.
253
SECTION II. On the Ministers of the Temple, and other ecclesiastical
or sacred Persons.
I. Of the Levites.-II. The Priests, their functions, maintenance, and privileges.
-III. The High Priest.-Succession to the Pontifical Dignity. His qualifica-
tions, functions, dress, and privileges.-IV. Officers of the Synagogue.-V.
The Nazarites; nature of their vows.— -VI. The Rechabites.-vil. The
Prophets.
261
CHAPTER III. Sacred Things.-On the Sacrifices and other offerings
of the Jews.
General Classification of Sacrifices and Offerings:-I. BLOODY OFFERINGS, and
the divine origin of Sacrifices;-1. Different kinds of Victims ;-2. Selection
of Victims;-3. Manner of presenting them;-4. Libations;-5. Immolation
of the Sacrifice ;-6. The Place and Time appointed for Sacrificing -7.
Different kinds of Fire-sacrifices;-i. Burnt Offerings;-ii. Peace Offerings;
-iii. Sin Offerings;-iv. Trespass Offerings;-National, regular, weekly,
monthly, and annual Sacrifices;-II. UNBLOODY OFFERINGS.-III. DRINK
OFFERINGS.-IV. ORDINARY OBLATIONS.-the Shew-bread and Incense.-V.
VOLUNTARY OBLATIONS, Corban.-VI. PRESCRIBED OBLATIONS;-1. First
Fruits;-2. Tithes.
CHATPER IV. Sacred Times and seasons observed by the Jews.
277
I. THE SABBATH.-How observed.-Jewish worship on that day.--Their Pray-
ers, public and private; Attitudes at Prayer; Forms of Prayer.-II. Their
manner of worshipping in the temple.-III. New moons.-IV. Annual Festivals.
-V. THE PASSOVER; when celebrated, and with what ceremonies; its mysti-
cal or typical reference.-VI. THE DAY OF PENTECOST-VII. THE FEAST OF
TABERNACLES.-VIII. THE FEAST OF TRUMPETS.-IX. DAY OF EXPIATION.
-X. Annual Festivals instituted by the Jews.-FEAST OF PURIM.-XI. THE
FEAST OF DEDICATION.-Other Festivals observed at stated intervals.-XII.
THE SABBATICAL YEAR.-XIII. THE YEAR OF JUBILEE.
CHAPTER V. Sacred Obligations and Duties.
SECTION I. Oaths and Vows
290
I. Of Oaths.-II. Nature of Vows-how far acceptable to God.-III. Requi-
sites essential to the validity of a Vow.-IV. Different sorts of Vows.-1. The
Cherem or irremissible Vow.-2. Other Vows that might be redeemed.-Of
the Nazareate.
SECTION II. On the Purifications of the Jews.
320
I. Materials, with which the Purifications of the Jews were performed.-II. Cere-
monies of Purification.-III. Of the persons lustrated.-IV. Account of the