treat, at the battle of Orthes, and at Waterloo. His activity in Spain was well known to many officers of the English army. Though his fate was bound up with the military profession, he refused, previously to the expedition to Egypt, the appointment of aid-de-camp to Bonaparte, whose views he seems to have suspected; and he also opposed Napoleon's elevation to the supreme power. It is related of the general, that, after one of Bonaparte's victories, he was at a dinner of the officers; when, upon "the health of the emperor" having been given, he alone declined drinking it. In vain was he pressed on the point. "I am not thirsty," said he. By Bonaparte's abdication he lost a marshal's baton; but his military promotion, which then ceased, was compensated by popular honors and distinctions, which he could not have attained or enjoyed under the imperial government. Since his first admission to the chamber of deputies in 1819, he had been one of its most prominent orators; and in the last session he was, without exception, the most powerful opponent of the ministry. Being one of the few members gifted with the talent of extemporaneous speaking, he was enabled to make or to repel attacks with promptitude and effect. The general has left a widow and five young children; but so strongly has the public feeling been excited in their favor, that a subscription, amounting to more than 20,0001. has been raised for their support. Portraits of the general have been engraved, medals have been struck in his honor, and a public monument is to be erected to his memory

His funeral was celebrated December 6, at Notre Dame de Loretto. An immense crowd, computed at 100,000 persons, flocked to the cemetry. A considerable number of deputies, generals, and officers of all ranks, thronged the apartments. At a quarter past one the body was brought down into the yard of the hotel. Eight young persons presented themselves to carry it on their shoulders into the church. After divine service, the same persons again carrried the corpse. Shortly after, the crowd made way to allow the children of the general, conducted by his domestics, to pass through them. The procession moved in the following order :-A detachment of troops of the line in two platoons; a platoon of chasseurs of the national guard; the mourning coach, drawn by two horses, in which was an officer; afterwards followed nearly six thousand persons; a platoon of troops of the line at the head of the equipages. All the pupils of the school of law and medicine, without exception, joined the procession. The Duke de Choiseul, notwithstanding his great age, went to the grave, and would have delivered an address, but was overpowered by his feelings, and compelled to abandon his intention. M. Royer Collard, although on the preceding day he had witnessed the interment of his distinguished brother, attended the funeral, but in the road to Pere Lachaise he became indisposed, and was conveyed to a house on the Boulevard. Among the followers were the viscount Chateaubriand, M. Lafitte, M. Gohier, formerly president of the directory, Horace Vernet, Marshals Oudinot and

Marmont, General O'Connor, &c. The grave in which the late eminent individual was interred, is near that of Camille Jordan. The minister of war's carriage was among those which attended the procession. Eloquent and pathetic addresses were delivered at the grave by Messrs. Cassimer Perrier, Tornaux, Mechin, and lieutenant-general Miollis. At the moment when the former said, "If general Foy died without fortune, the nation will adopt his widow and children,' a host of voices exclaimed, "Yes, we swear it, the nation will adopt them." All the theatres of Paris, and particularly those on the Boulevards, were nearly deserted in the evening. The national guards on duty at the post of their staff, on Thursday, appeared with crape on the arm.

M. DAVID.

December 29. At Brussels, the seat of his exile since the re-establishment of the Bourbons, aged 76, M. David, an artist who had long stood at the head of the French school of painting.

At the period when the development of his powers commenced, the genius of the French painters, had fallen into the worst possible direction. The style of the Italian school, transmitted by Poussin and Lesueur, had been abandoned; and, under the idea of returning to nature, they had adopted a petty affected representation of her, which possessed neither the graceful, of which they were in search, nor the ideal or the grand, which they had voluntarily renounced. David repaired to Rome: there his mind was influenced by the two-fold impression which it received from the

numerous, grand and exact productions of the Italian school, and from the statues of the ancientsso chaste, so correct, so simply beautiful. Thus impressed, he struck into a new course, and produced his picture of Andromache, which by many is regarded as one of his master-pieces. His painting had then something of the Italian gravity and simplicity; and his pure and lofty design, like that of the ancients, had not attained that ideal perfection, bordering upon the stiffness of statuary, which he acquired at a later period. In his next picture, Belisarius, the composition is simple and grand, the design chaste, the expression true, the coloring sedate-the entire character of the production bearing a great resemblance to Poussin, with more correctness and arrangement than that artist usually displays. In tracing his course from his Belisarius to his Rape of the Sabines, the influence of the Italian school, will be seen gradually to diminish, and the taste for ancient design to become stronger, so as at last to settle into academic correctness. In his Horatii, which may perhaps be regarded as the production that marks/the zenith of his talents, there is the same grandeur, the same severity of composition and expression, the same sobriety in the execution; but, without yet ceasing to be natural, the disposition of the subject is seen to incline towards the sterility of bas-relief. In the Rape of the Sabines, one amongst the most admired and most deserving of admiration of M. David's pictures, it is seen that his drawing has become altogether academic, and the attitudes betray a too great fondness for the display of beautiful forms. His Socrates is grandly

conceived; his Brutus is full of beautiful details; his Thermopyla, and the many other works that have signalized his pencil, are marked with all the touches of a great master; but, by those who love the simple and the true, and are fearful of style, when it becomes systematic, the first works of M. David will be esteemed his best.

David was a great favorite of Bonaparte. The conqueror of Austerlitz is said to have advanced two steps towards the artist in his painting room, and taking off his hat, to have exclaimed, "Sir, I salute you!" Under the protection of his great friend, David was allowed, as a special mark of distinction, to occupy the corner wing of the old palace, from which every man of genius and science entitled to reside there, had been removed. Bonaparte always consulted him in the arrangement of his paintings and statues: and all the government costumes were from his designs. David had many pupils, and was not without adherents: but, from the sanguinary part which he had taken in the revolution, he was shunned by the great and the good, and seemed to lead the life of a proscribed exile, in the very centre of the gayest city in Europe.

David painted the coronation of Bonaparte, in conformity with the instructions of his master. It was not that picture, however, which was exhibited in Pall Mall, between three and four years ago. On the restoration of the Bourbons, the expatriated painter retired to Brussels; and there he finished what he considered an improved and heightened copy of the original painting. That painting was exhi

bited in London, where, from various circumstances, it naturally attracted much notice, and excited much criticism. Bonaparte, Josephine, the cardinal Caprara, and two or three other figures, were universally allowed to be fine; but the remaining cluster of two hundred and ten people, gave the painting the air of a crowded stage, on which the leading actors concentrated attention, whilst the surrounding mutes had not grace enough to be even naturally affected.

M. David, when he went into exile, announced to his pupils, that he was about to change his style, and that he would send them from the Netherlands, a specimen of the true manner of coloring. Critics consider him to have fulfilled this promise in his Mars and Venus, which has been exhibited with his Belisarius, Horatii, Brutus, Rape of the Sabines, &c. "Mars, overcome with fatigue, is stretched on a couch; Venus, who has risen to make room for him, has one hand resting upon him, whilst with the other she is placing a crown on his head, which she is to bestow on condition that he quits the pursuit of arms. Mars consents, and presents his sword as a token of his sincerity. The Graces are hastening to disencumber the god of his armor; Love is unloosing his sandal; and every attempt is making to render his return to the field impossible."

M. Odevaue, one of M. David's disciples and friends, has published in the Brussels Oracle, a pompous and inflated eulogy upon the deceased, which thus concludes: "Let Brussels be proud in retaining the ashes of David. I propose to beg his family to leave the remains of him who was our mas

ter and friend to us, to open immediately a subscription to raise a monument to him in one of our principal churches, and to have a funeral procession. There shall be executed a mass and requiem, with a grand orchestra; and, in order to render this ceremony worthy of its object, I propose to invite hither the artists and the friends of the arts, from all parts of the kingdom, and from the neighboring countries." A subscription was accordingly opened, and a committee was appointed to regulate the funeral ceremony, and to provide for the erection of a mausoleum.

GENERAL SUCHET.

January 3.

At Marseilles, aged 54, Louis Gabriel Suchet, duke of Albufera. Having received a good education, he entered the army in 1792. At Toulon, he was an officer in the battalion by which general O'Hara was taken prisoner. He was in nearly all the battles fought in Italy, during the campaigns of 1794, 1795, and 1797, and was thrice wounded, once dangerously. In the last of these campaigns, Bonaparte made him chief-de-brigade, on the field of battle. In 1798, having borne a distinguished part in the campaign against the Swiss, he was sent to Paris with twenty-three standards taken from the enemy, and was then made general of brigade. He was on the point of proceeding with the expedition to Egypt, when he was suddenly retained to restore discipline and confidence in the army of Italy. In consequence of a quarrel with the commissioners of the directory, Suchet was compelled to return hastily to France, to vindicate his

conduct. He was afterwards sent to the army of the Danube, at the head of which he exerted himself in defending the country of the Grisons. Joubert, his friend, having been entrusted with the command of the army of Italy, Suchet joined him as general of division, and chief of his staff; appointments which he continued to hold under Moreau and Championnet, after the death of Joubert. Massena, who succeeded Championnet, made him second in command. At the head of a feeble division, of not 7,000 men, he long held at bay five times the number of Austrian forces under Melas, contested the Genoese territory inch by inch, retired unbroken behind the Var, set the enemy at defiance, saved the south of France from invasion, and facilitated the operations of the army of reserve, advancing from Dijon to cross the Alps. When, in consequence of the march of Bonaparte, the Austrians commenced their retreat, he followed in their track, harassed them incessantly, took 15,000 prisoners, and, by compelling Melas to weaken his army to oppose him, contributed powerfully to the victory of Marengo. In the short campaign subsequently to the armistice, he took 4,000 prisoners at Pozzolo, and shared in the battles that were fought. In 1803, he commanded a division at the camp at Boulogne. He was named a member of the legion of honor, December 11, 1803, grand officer of that body in 1804; and governor of the imperial palace at Lacken in 1805. At Ulm, Hollabrun, and Austerlitz in 1805,-at Saalfield and Jena, in 1806,—at Pultusk in 1807,--he greatly contributed to the success of the French arms. In 1806 Bonaparte

gave him the grand cordon of the legion of honor, with an endowment of 20,000 francs; and in 1808, he raised him to the dignity of a count of the empire. The king of Saxony also nominated him a commander of the military order of St. Henry.

Suchet was then sent to Spain, and placed at the head of the army of Arragon. In 1809, he defeated Blake, at Belchite; in 1810, he reduced Lerida, Mequinenza, Tortoza, fort San Felipe, Monserrat, Tarragona, and Saguntum,-routed O'Donnel at Margalef, and Blake before Saguntum,--and formed the siege of Valencia. The fall of that fortress crowned the labors of this campaign, and obtained for him the title of duke of Albufera, and possession of the estate of that name. He had previously, at the capture of Tarragona, received the marshal's staff. In 1813, the command of the united armies of Arragon and Catalonia having been confided to him, he compelled sir John Murray to raise the siege of Tarragona. In November, he was named colonel-general of the imperial guards, in the room of the duke of Istria. Notwithstanding the progress of lord Wellington in France, Suchet kept his ground in Catalonia, for the purpose of collecting the 18,000 men who garrisoned the fortresses, and also for retarding the progress of the allies.

Receiving intelligence of the abdication of Bonaparte, he acknowledged Louis XVIII. as his sovereign. Several honors, amongst which was that of his being named one of the peers of France, were conferred on him by the restored monarch. On the return of Bonaparte, he accepted a command under his old master, to repel the al

lies. At the head of the army of the Alps, consisting only of 10,000 men, he beat the Piedmontese, and shortly after the Austrians. The advance of the grand Austrian army, however, 100,000 strong, compelled him to fall back on Lyons, but he saved that city from plunder by capitulation, and with it artillery stores to the value of half a million sterling. On the same day that the capitulation was signed, he again submitted to Louis XVIII. He received the grand cross of the legion of honor in 1816, and in 1819, his name was replaced on the list of peers.

For some time previous to his decease, the duke of Albufera had been principally at Marseilles. He had been afflicted nearly two years with a severe and painful disorder. In the few moments during the last four days of his life in which he was sensible, he made his will, in full possession of his faculties. In the evening of the 2d of January, 1826, having recovered from a state of delirium, he confessed and received the extreme unction. The remainder of the night he was calm and composed; but, after seven in the morning of the 3d, he did not again become sensible. The duchess left Marseilles for Paris with her children two or three days after his decease.

COUNT ROSTOPCHIN.

January, 1826. At Moscow, count Rostopchin. He was descended from an ancient Russian family. Entering the army very young, he was a lieutenant in the imperial guards at the age of twenty-one, when he left Russia to make the tour of Europe. At Berlin he was distinguished by count Michael de