PROGRAM OF RESEARCH No. 2-ECONOMIC FACTORS BEARING UPON THE MAINTENANCE OF PEACE (By Kenneth E. Boulding, Director, Emile Benoit, Phillips Foster, TABLE OF CONTENTS Part 1: Perspective on the economics of peace, by Kenneth E. Boulding: 1. Introduction: Economic analyses of war. 2. Current economic research on war: Economic adjustments to disarmament. 3. The unanswered questions: Dynamic economic processes and war. 4. Studies on the economics of war: The study of war proneness. Study of economic conflicts. Study of the economy of a warless world. 5. Conclusion. Part 2: Economic adjustments to disarmament, by Emile Benoit. Part 4: The problem of overpopulation, by Warren S. Thompson. Part 5: Problems of the effective use of agricultural surpluses in the maintenance of peace, by Phillips Foster and Lawrence Witt. PROGRAM OF RESEARCH No. 3-THE INTERNATIONAL RULE OF LAW Project 2. "Home Front Project," popular book on world rule of law. Project 4. Casebook and full course in world law. Project 5. Coordination of research. Project 6. Coding and retrieval project. Project 7. The jurisprudence of world rule of law. 3. The body of world law: Marshaling existing materials: Project 8. Pilot project on evidence of international law. Project 9. Municipal law sources of international law. Project 10. International legislation, project to bring up to date. Project 11. Detailed subject index of U.S. treaties. Project 12. Compilation of decisions and regulations of international organizations. Project 13. Definite publication of decisions of international tribunals in the 19th century. Project 14. Index of foreign legal periodicals. Project 15. Compilation and annotation of law bearing on inter- The general principles of law recognized by civilized nations: Project 17. Sovereignty under the law. Project 18. The principle of independent adjudication. Project 19. Domestic constitutional and legal impediments to international third-party adjudication. Project 20. Limitations on the right of self-defense as bearing on the problem of aggression. PROGRAM OF RESEARCH No. 3-THE INTERNATIONAL RULE OF LAW-Continued TABLE OF CONTENTS 3. The body of world law-Continued The general principles of law, etc.-Continued Project 21. General principles of law bearing on the obligation, interpretation, and termination of treaties. Project 22. General principles of law bearing on protection of acquired rights. Project 23. Acquired property rights under Communist law, possible beginnings of agreement on some basic principles. Project 24. Duty to consult before affecting others' rights. Project 25. General principles of law bearing on rights of riparians in international law. Project 26. Responsibility for illegal harm. Project 27. Illegal propaganda. New and current facets of international law contributing to world law concept: Project 32. Law of human rights. Project 33. Atomic energy, nuclear testing and fallout, and related legal problems. Project 34. Disarmament and law. Project 35. Legal rights of the U.N. in the Congo-type situation. Project 36. Legal ability of the U.N. to assume title to space, high seas, and other unclaimed areas. Project 37. International organizations and agencies, their legal personalities, rights, and duties. 4. The machinery of international justice: Project 38. Optimum international judicial structure attainable without change in the U.N. charter or statute of the International Court of Justice. Project 39. Optimum international judicial structure attainable with out regard to present limitations of the U.N. charter and international court statute. Project 40. The proposed Inter-American Court. Project 41. The proposed Commonwealth Court. Project 42. The proposed NATO Court. Project 43. The proposed Inter-Arab Court. Project 44. The regional court concept, including its possible relation to other proposals for regionalization of the U.N. Project 45. The Court of Human Rights idea. Project 46. Individual and corporation access to international courts; possible claims courts. Project 47. Specific purpose courts comparable to the European Community Court. Project 48. Optimum international arbitration machinery: Idea of equity Project 49. Optimum international mediation and conciliation machinery. Project 51. Lessons for international law from labor law. Project 52. Lessons for international law from law among states in federacy. Project 53. The record of the International Court of Justice. Project 54. Possible revisions of practices, procedures, etc., of the International Court to improve efficiency and confidence. Project 55. Advisory opinions. Project 56. The International Law Commission: Record obstacles, and Project 57. The problem of change and "legislation" in international law. PROGRAM OF RESEARCH No. 3-THE INTERNATIONAL RULE OF LAW-Continued TABLE OF CONTENTS 5. Compliance with international decisions: Project 59. Up-to-date analysis of cases of compliance and noncompliance with decisions of international tribunals, and reasons for the latter. Project 60. Motivational analysis of why law is obeyed. Project 61. Analysis of successful areas of compliance with international law. Project 62. General analysis of possible compliance measures short of force. Project 63. The Security Council and enforcement. Project 64. Economic sanctions. Project 65. Diplomatic sanctions. Project 66. Attachment of property as compliance measure. Project 67. Enforcement through municipal courts. Project 68. Deprivation of U.N. privileges as compliance measure. Project 69. The investigatory power of the United Nations as a compliance device. Project 70. Use of armed force by a nation state. Project 71. The U.N. Peace Force and legal issues surrounding it. 6. Acceptance of world legal system: Project 72. American acceptance of obligatory jurisdiction of World Project 73. Regional acceptance of obligatory jurisdiction of the World Project 74. Judicial versus political basis for decisions of World Court: Project 75. The international court and matters of domestic concern: Project 76. Special case on apparent violation by United States of treaties Project 77. Analysis of reasons of each nation for nonacceptance or limited acceptance of compulsory jurisdiction of the International Court of Justice. Project 78. Possible United Nations Charter revision making obligatory jurisdiction a concomitant of U.N. membership. Project 79. U.N. Charter provision preventing infringement of domestic rights. Project 80. Distinction between "legal" and "political" questions: Analy sis of current Security Council agenda and of major recent controversies. Project 81. The role of international law in foreign policy. Project 82. The U.S. Supreme Court: Is it exerting its full potential leadership in developing international law? Project 83. Analysis of all different kinds of reservations to International Court of Justice jurisdiction. Project 84. Can Security Council compel member to submit case to International Court of Justice? Project 85. Gradual acceptance of world rule of law through compromissary clauses in all treaties. Project 86. Effect of certain International Court of Justice reservations on compromissary clauses. Project 87. Domestic law in all countries bearing on possibility of accepting world law, e.g., relative supremacy of legislation and treaties under Constitution. Project 88. Development of concept of rule of law within nations as prerequisite to understanding rule of law between nations. PROGRAM OF RESEARCH NO. 3-THE INTERNATIONAL RULE OF LAW-Continued TABLE OF CONTENTS 7. World law and communism: Project 89. Socialist legality (U.S.S.R.) and rule of law: The search for possible common elements. Project 90. Socialist legality (Yugoslavia) and the rule of law. Project 91. Socialist legality in Eastern European countries and world Project 92. Socialist legality (Poland) and the world rule of law. 8. The role of law in international economic development: Project 95. Legal protection of private international investment. Project 98. Country-by-country analysis of legal impediments to private Project 99. Analysis of tax laws of capital-receiving countries bearing on private international investment. Project 100. Legal measures to facilitate international river basin devel- Project 101. Legal problems of the investment guarantee program. Project 104. Dispute-settling and avoidance mechanisms for foreign trade Project 105. The use of the partnership principle between private investors and local governments or other interests as a device to encourage and protect investment. Project 106. The European economic community: Legal lessons for other areas. Project 107. The movement to unify national commercial laws and contracts. 9. Mutual understanding necessary to world law: Project 108. Public understanding of world law in all countries: Necessary materials and programs. Project 109. Global handbook of world's lawyers, legal systems, and legal education. Project 110. Country programs on legal systems of foreign countries. Project 111. Materials for organization of world peace through law research centers in all countries. Project 112. Analysis of "How Others See Us" legally and how understanding can be improved. Project 113. Educational requisites to support world law: New courses and materials. PROGRAM OF RESEARCH NO. 4-NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL DECISION MAKING (By Richard C. Snyder and James A. Robinson) 1. Scope and procedures: TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction: A message to our research colleagues. The interrelations of decision theory and research and the problem of war and peace. 2. Suggested research projects: General research needs: Criteria of judgment of decisions and decision processes: Project 1. Analysis and formulation of criteria. Generalized research techniques and aids: Project 2. A set of relatively unexploited techniques. Project 3. Annotated bibliographies and a directory of research centers. Project 4. Inventories of explanatory propositions. The context of national and international decisionmaking: The external environment: Project 5. A search for historical analogies to the present situation. Project 6. A set of interactional maps of the world. Project 7. The creation and multiplication of units of intersocietal and international interaction. Project 8. The nature of violent and nonviolent conflict-general analysis and case studies. Project 9. Toward a framework for analyzing the "trust and tension" context of choices between violence and nonviolence. The societal level: Project 10. The nature and direction of social change. Project 11. The role of public opinion in the making of foreign Project 12. The role of the press in foreign policymaking. Project 16. Toward a multiple strategy of cross-cultural studies Project 19. The role of the military in foreign policy decisionmaking. Project 20. The problem of accidental war. Project 21. The problem of predicting scientific and technological developments. Project 22. The nature of national perceptions and images of reality. 74094-61--15 |