Commission has responsibility for providing
the site and the devices, excavating and pre-
paring the site, imp and firing devices,
making yield measurements, certain cases
obtaining close-in shot measurements.
Purpose of this project is to investigate the
behavior of various materials in the hydro-
dynamic or plastic region and to develop a
technique for measuring dynamic pressures
in this range (above about 150,000 p.s.i.).
When techniques are developed to measure
pressures in this range, it will be possible to
use pressure measurements to determine the
yield of an underground nuclear detonation.
This research and development effort was under-
taken to further the understanding of seismic
signals and to advance the state of the art of
instrumentation and data handling.
Theoretical effort within Lawrence Radiation
Laboratory relating to the amplitudes and
shapes of first motions of seismometers at
distances of 200 to 700 kilometers from the Hard-
tack underground explosions. This effort
also includes other studies concerned with the
generation of seismic signals from under-
ground explosions.

Instrumentation placed in the region of non-
linear response to the explosive energy will
help to define the seismic pulse from ex-
plosive sources. Cavity temperature and
pressure measurements will assist in defin-
ing the energy disposition on the cavity wall
which will define input parameters useful
for other particle motion and seismic studies.
The objective of the program is to design,
build, and fly instrumented satellites in
suitable far-earth orbits. The purpose of
this effort is to develop instrumentation and
to measure environmental radiation condi-
tions in sufficient detail to enable definition
and design of a satellite detecting system to
monitor for evidence of nuclear weapon
testing in outer space. The AEC funded
portion of this program includes design and
fabrication of suitable detectors and asso-
ciated electronic logics and analysis of data
received. A Lawrence Radiation Labora-
tory effort for the measurement of background
radiation through use of low altitude ve-
hicles was funded by the AEC in fiscal year
1960 but is now supported by ARPA.

See footnotes at end of table, p. 298.

ENCLOSURE 2-Continued

ENCLOSURE 3

AEC funded research concerned with U.S. safeguards and control of nuclear assistance abroad

Summary of the project

The design and layout of a comprehensive
nuclear materials control system utilizing
advanced materials control instrumentation
and tamper-resistant techniques to minimize
manpower requirements and insure the high
integrity of the control system. One major
report was issued.

Extension of phase I study to the actual design,
development, construction, and testing of
materials control equipment and instru-
mentation and tamper-resistant devices.
25 individual topical reports were issued.
The study resulted in the development of (a)
mathematical models of a complete reactor
cycle with which to ascertain the purpose of
operations; i.e., whether the reactor system
was being run efficiently for power produc-
tion; (b) decision functions to determine, on
an objective mathematical basis from sta-
tistical measurements of materials, whether a
diversion had or had not occurred.

A series of 4 technical manuals for the various
phases of the reactor cycle were prepared.
These manuals will be disseminated to
foreign countries to assist them in the de-
velopment of adequate national material
control systems in their nuclear programs.
Problems associated with the accountability of
fissionable materials in a large-scale nuclear
power complex were investigated and evalu-
ated.

Methods of detecting, by physical means,
possible diversion of fissionable materials by
personnel in plants engaged in the processing
of reactor fuels were studied.

ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECTS AGENCY,
WASHINGTON, D.C.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES RELATING TO SCIENTIFIC AND TECHNICAL ASPECTS OF ARMS CONTROL

Studies sponsored by the Advanced Research Projects Agency under Project VELA, August 1, 1961

LEGEND OF SYMBOLS AND ABBREVIATIONS

ARPA-Advanced Research Projects Agency.

OSD-Office of the Secretary of Defense.

C&GS-Coast and Geodetic Survey.
USGS-U.S. Geological Survey.

DASA-Defense Atomic Support Agency.

AFTAC-Air Force Technical Applications Center.

AFCRL-Air Force Cambridge Research Laboratory.

AFOSR-Air Force Office of Scientific Research.

EO-AFOAR-European Office, Air Force Office of Aerospace Research.

RADC-Rome Air Development Command.

USA-ERO-U.S.A.-European Research Office.

BuShips-Bureau of Ships.

NEL-Navy Electronics Laboratory.

NRDL-Naval Research Development Laboratory.

ONR-Office of Naval Research.

RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES UNDER THE VELA UNIFORM PROGRAM,

1959-61

Project Title: Seismic Waves of Long and Intermediate Periods

Name of sponsoring Federal agency: ARPA (via AFCRL).
Name of organization: Columbia University.

Amount and duration of support: $400,000 (2 years).

Date of contract: August 1, 1960.

Contract expiration date: July 31, 1962.

Brief summary of the project: Investigation of the applicability to intermediate and long period seismic waves of phase compensation techniques for the purpose of determining an effective source polarity as a function of azimuth, the development of high-speed computational techniques and the development of seismic instrumentation with increased sensitivity in the long period range and with improved discrimination against noise in the dominant microseism band.

Project title: Body Wave Polarity Studies

Name of sponsoring Federal agency: ARPA (via AFCRL).
Name of organization: Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
Amount of duration of support: $220,280 (2 years).

Date of contract: July 1, 1960.

Contract expiration date: June 30, 1962.

Brief summary of the project: Digitalization of seismograms from nuclear explosions and natural earthquakes for subsequent application of numerical analysis techniques, determination of optimum numerical operators for the discrimination of the directional patterns of sources with particular reference to the body wave phases of the seismic record, and conduct study of microseismic noise structure to determine the extent to which its dynamic properties can be used to design optimum linear or nonlinear noise removal filter systems. Project title: Model Studies of Seismic Energy Distribution Name of sponsoring Federal agency: ARPA (via AFCRL). Name of organization: Pennsylvania State University. Amount and duration of support: $18,893 (2 years). Date of contract: September 1, 1960.

Contract expiration date: August 31, 1962.

Brief summary of the project: Investigation of the radiation pattern of compressional and shear waves from simulated explosive and faulting sources by means of two-dimensional modeling techniques, and investigation of changes

in the radiation patterns produced by inhomogeneities in the model medium simulating large-scale inhomogeneities in the earth's structure.

Project title: Phase Vélocity and Source Determination Studies

Name of sponsoring Federal agency: ARPA (via AFCRL).
Name of organization: St. Louis University.

Amount and duration of support: $284,084 (3 years).
Date of contract: August 1, 1960.

Contract expiration date: July 31, 1963.

Brief summary of the project: Investigation of the phase velocity versus frequency relationship for long-period surface waves by means of a quadrilateral network of seismic stations to be established in the midcontinent region with station intervals of 300 to 400 miles, investigation of P-wave and S-wave amplitude ratios and polarities as related to the mechanism and orientation of faulting sources, investigation of Love and Rayleigh wave amplitudes as related to the mechanical characteristics of the source, and study the mechanism of a few selected earthquakes by applying all methods of analysis (P, S, and surface wave) using data from the standardized worldwide network. Project title: SH-type Waves Generated by Small Explosions

Name of sponsoring Federal agency : ARPA (via AFCRL).
Name of organization: St. Louis University.

Amount and duration of support: $31,787 (3 years).

Date of contract: August 1, 1960.

Contract expiration date: July 31, 1963.

Brief summary of the project: Investigation by means of small explosive charges of the environmental conditions under which horizontally polarized shear (SH) waves may be generated by explosions and investigate the extent to which it is possible to control the distribution of amplitudes of seismic waves around an explosive source by introducing various types of asymmetry at the source. Project title: Research Toward Direction of Motion at Earthquake Focus Name of sponsoring Federal agency: ARPA (via AFCRL).

Name of organization: St. Louis University.

Amount and duration of support: $6,950 (1 year).

Date of contract: February 1, 1961,

Contract expiration date: January 31, 1962.

Brief summary of the project: Study of the question of single couple versus double couple (or any type of source) as the model of an earthquake focus and verify the existence or nonexistence of a single force type earthquake focus. Project title: Analysis and Reduction of Data Recorded under Project COWBOY Name of sponsoring Federal agency: ARPA (via AFCRL).

Name of organization: Texas Instruments, Inc.

Amount and duration of support: $5,581 (2 months).

Date of contract: March 1, 1961.

Contract expiration date: April 30, 1961.

Brief summary of the project: Analysis and reduction of data recorded under Project Cowboy by Texas Instruments, Inc. Frequency amplitude spectra will be obtained for pulses before and after decoupling and plots will be made of apparent wavelength versus frequency and frequency versus decoupling factor. Project title: Research Directed Toward a Feasibility Study on the Determination of Depth of a Seismic Energy Source

Name of sponsoring Federal agency: ARPA (via AFCRL).
Name of organization: California Research Corp.

Amount and duration of support: $230,000 (2 years).

Date of contract: February 15, 1961.

Contract expiration date: February 14, 1963.

Brief summary of project: An extensive family of surface response curves (motion versus time) are being computed as a function of source depth, detector offset, and a series of simple geological models. The improvement of time resolution of closely spaced or overlapping seismic arrivals of direct and surfacereflected waves from various depths of seismic sources is to be studied by conducting research in the application of inverse filtering to the problem.

74094--61-20