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the Reformation were introduced, and continue to the present day. There does not probably exist a more meritorious set of men than the clergy of Iceland, nor any who are so wretchedly paid for their clerical functions. They have one archdeacon, eighteen provosts or deans, one hundred and eighty-four parish livings, and more than three hundred churches; what these are may be collected' from the brief description of the first that occurred to Dr. Henderson-that of Moss Fell:"The church is built of wood, has a coat of turf around the sides, and the roof consists of the same material. It has only two small windows at the east end, and a skylight to the south; and the whole structure does not exceed thirteen feet in length and nine in breadth." The good effects of their pastoral care are most sensibly felt by all who have visited this interesting island. In the midst of the physical horrors with which they are surrounded, "steeped," as they are," in poverty' to the very lips," the general state of mental cultivation, and the diffusion of knowledge among the inhabitants, have no parallel in any nation even in Europe: nor is this owing altogether to the attention of the clergy, or to the institution of public schools; for there is but one on the island: "yet it is exceedingly rare," says Dr. Henderson, "to meet with a boy or girl, who has attained the age of nine or ten years, that cannot read and write with ease. Domestic education is most rigidly attended to; and it is no uncommon thing to hear youths repeat passages from the Greek and Latin authors, who have never been farther than a few miles from the place where they were born; nor do I scarcely ever recollect entering a hut, where I did not find some individual or another capable of entering into a conversation with me, on topics which would be reckoned altogether above the understandings of people in the same rank of society in other countries of Europe. "Their predominant character," Dr. Henderson says, "is that of unsuspecting frankness, pious contentment, and a steady liveliness of temperament, combined with a strength of intellect and acuteness of mind seldom to be met with in other parts of the world." He denies that they are either a sullen or melancholy people, and in this he is borne out by the testimony of Dr. Holland, who observes, that "the vivacity of their manner frequently forms a striking contrast to the wretchedness which their external condition displays." In personal appearance they are rather above the middle size, of a frank and open countenance, a florid complexion, and yellow flaxen hair. The women are more disposed to corpulency than the men.

In the description of their houses few traces of comfort are to be found. The diet of the Icelanders, consisting almost solely of animal food, and of fish, either fresh or dried, and the want of cleanliness in their personal and domestic habits, which is an evil incident to their situation, produce cutaneous diseases under their worst forms. It does not seem, however, that these maladies are particularly hostile to life, or that the Icelanders, though stated to be generally of a weakly habit of body, fall short of the usual period of human existence. In addition to the diet just mentioned, the inhabitants have in their short summer plenty of milk and butter; but nine-tenths of them know not

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the luxury of bread or vegetables. Their butter, which drops from every plant," after the whey has been pressed out, will keep, it is said, for twenty years.

ON FALSE WEIGHTS AND MEASURES.

The following extracts from the statutes relative to False Weights and Measures, show what the law is upon this subject; and it is a duty which every man owes to himself and his neighbour, to see that it is enforced :

"Justices of the Peace in petty sessions are authorized and required to appoint examiners, upon oath, with power to enter into places, with constables to assist them, where goods are sold by retail weight, and to seize and detain all false and unequal scales and weights, to be produced before the Justices in their petty sessions, who, upon conviction, may cause such defective weights and scales to be broken and rendered useless: and they may also impose upon the offender a penalty of 20s., which forfeiture, together with the money arising from the sale of the materials of such broken weights and scales, is to be paid to the treasurer of the county."-35 Geo. III.; 37 Geo. III. c. 143.

"The parishioners may nominate a substantial householder to be such examiner, for the approbation of the Justices, at a separate special sessions for the division, upon their procuring standard weights to be deposited with the person so appointed, and the petty sessions may order the charges of procuring such weights, and a recompence for the trouble of such examiner so appointed, out of the poor-rate of such place. Constables neglecting or refusing to inform against bakers selling light bread are to forfeit 20s."-21 Geo. II. c. 29.

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"Bakers frequently advertise bread to be sold under the usual price. Such bread is generally composed of mixed flour, and under weight. Every peck loaf should weigh 171b. 6oz. avoirdupois weight; every half-peck 8lb. 11oz., and every quartern loaf 4lb. 54oz.; to be weighed within twenty-four hours after baking or being sold, under a penalty of 1s. to 5s. for every ounce deficient. Bread made for sale shall be fairly marked, wheaten-bread with a large Roman W, and household bread with an H, to ascertain under what denomination it was made, under a penalty, not exceeding 20s. nor under 5s."

A bushel of corn weighs 591b. 8oz. Produce of flour, when dressed through a 14s. cloth, exclusive of bran and pollard, is 44lb. 10oz.

THE FIRST DAYS OF AUTUMN.

THERE is no leaf upon the ground,
The summer-green not yet has fled;
The Swallow by his osier bed

Still whirls his eager round ;-
Beneath a clear and sunny sky

Secure the pheasant spreads her wings,

And still the brooks creep lazily,
And still the blackbird sings.

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(From Poems by William Wordsworth.).

[Mr. Wordsworth is a living poet who, though not very popular, enjoys amongst poetical minds as high a reputation as any of his cotemporaries. His works are full of natural sentiment, and Christian principles.]

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It was a cove, a huge recess,

That keeps till June December's snow;
A lofty precipice in front,

A silent tarn * below!

Far in the bosom of Helvellyn,
Remote from public road or dwelling,
Patated 1

From

or hand.

There, sometimes does
a leaping

Send through the tarn a lonely
The crags repeat the raven's croak,
Kainga edT
In symphony austere;
estoso.,
Thither the rainbow comes, the cloud Arood.ov
And mists that spread the flying shroud Adso

all shopAnd sun-beams; and the sounding blast

ised ovad e That, if it could, would hurry past,

wood and not But that enormous barrier binds it fast..

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-bojuos div.The shepherd stood: then makes his wayar ata
-x9 wod Towards the dog, o'er rocks and stones,
odt baque As quickly as he may;
potoval anoi Nor far had gone before he found
od of babiA human skeleton on the ground;
Sad sight! the shepherd with a sigh
AOTIC Looks round, to learn the history. o

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od quiFrom those abrupt and perilous rocks, om 904 64 Doses 94 The man had fallen, that place of fear! sol loango At length upon the shepherd's mind mojba ad It breaks, and all is clear:

yu honrose He instantly recall'd the name,

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sel lliw And who he was, and whence he came; for lubi.

Remember'd, too, the very day onsole On which the traveller pass'd this way. liseron -oqmeteo.aid to

ging on But hear a wonder now, for sake
wwwmood and of which this mournful tale I tell!
Jan lo aing A lasting monument of words
1970 88ng of This wonder merits well.
woonstelni ni

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The dog, which still was hovering nigh, Repeating the same timid cry, iw noizen This dog had been through three months' space. ons did a A dweller in that savage place. Ronieud od at all

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arodtiw eone Yes, proof was plain that since the day
10dosando el On which the traveller thus had died
sundar v
The dog had watch'd about the
bodaribomen Or by his master's side:

spot,ob
om etl
How nourish'd here through such long time
He knows, who gave that love sublime,
an ai
And gave that strength of feeling, great d
Inousy of Above all human estimate.
Jagien no to wood ni bogor HA

→ Tarn is a small mere or lake mostly high up in the mountains.

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diter bus evienotva teor¬ dł 916 29ncmeniupos The proceedings against the Queen are not yet concluded; and,—as might have been expected from their intrinsic importance, the extra ordinary nature of the charges, the high rank of the accused, the illustrious character of the tribunal before whom the charges have been proposed, and the splendid talents by which the accusation has been supported and resisted,-the public opinion has been exclusively occupied with observations on the progress of this trial, and with conjectures on its issue. We have before had occasion to remark how excom tensively the most violent passions and prejudices have usurped the place of a sober judgment; and we fear that those passions have not yet subsided, and those prejudices have not yet submitted to the the bus guidance of impartial inquiry.

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at Voci doda 9w vom 31SBIA The termination of these proceedings may be expected to arrive within the course of a few days. At the moment we are writing, there remains little e more to be done in the legal conduct of the case; and lov the House of Peers will, at the close of the reply of the Counsel for the support of the Bill, adjourn for a few days. After that adjournm ment, the decision of that illustrious Assembly will be pronounced by the individual votes of its members; and a solemn record will take the place of the loose conjectures; and the confident anticipations, of either party, with which the public mind has been so long harassed. We should ill discharge our duty, if, at this most critical period, we should offer any observations upon the evidence which has been produced for the accusation and for the defence. To select parts of that evidence, and hold them up to exclusive consideration,-to pass over what makes against a particular construction, to strain inferences from solitary facts, which ought only to be taken in connexion with other circumstances, and to resist the natural conclusions which are to be drawn from the whole weight of testimony: this is the business brok of an Advocate. To weigh maturely the whole of the evidence without bias or neglect,—to trace every deposition through its whole character and results, to balance conflicting testimony, and, as far as human nature can decide, to separate accidental error from premeditated falsehood, and to receive the entire evidence with a just, a discriminating, a sober, and a merciful spirit: this is the business of a Judge. It is impossible to restraint the general 920 Ji enoiņigo to пokezory п6 32

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