outside; and, therefore, the fact that this is a great group of countries working together in the program to help themselves, to help each other, I think is something that we like to, as Americans, support.

Mr. BENTLEY. Thank you very much for your interesting statement, Doctor.

Mr. SMITH. I am wondering if we could have for the record, Mr. Henderson, a statement, showing the participating countries, and the amounts that have been contributed.

Mr. HENDERSON. Yes, sir. I can furnish that back to 1947, sir, from the beginning of the program.

Mr. SMITH. I think that would be very fine, for the record.
(The information requested is as follows:)

United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund
[Governmental contributions by years in United States dollar equivalents]

United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund-Continued [Governmental contributions by years in United States dollar equivalents]

20, 169, 916 40, 874, 808 26, 312, 674 19, 126, 823 10, 416, 477 9, 352, 617 3. 904, 111 130, 157, 426

contributing..

Mr. SMITH. Now, you are asking us to make this authorization without submitting to us a program of any kind. You have no program before us today, have you? You are asking us to go along on faith.

Mr. HENDERSON. That is the problem I mentioned at the outset, sir. That program will not be known until the Economic and Social Council meets this summer. It will draw up a program which will then be recommended to the United Nations General Assembly which will meet next fall.

Mr. SMITH. That is all, Mr. Chairman.

Mr. VORYS. I do not quite get the present status of it. We have authorization through December 31, $16,481,000; authorized but not appropriated. $9,814,033, and then contributed in December 1952-is that subtracted from the $9.8 million unobligated and unexpended as of March 31 and June 30, 1952-does that mean that we have paid our full contribution, paid the authorized contribution up to December 31, 1952?

Mr. HENDERSON. No, sir, Mr. Vorys. The authorization as indicated was for $16.4 million. The action taken by Congress last summer was to appropriate $6.6 million. We have paid the $6.6 million. There is now pending before the Congress a deficiency for the $9.8 million, which we hope to pay this year toward the 1953 calendar UNICEF program, sir.

Mr. VORYS. Is the 1953 UNICEF program based-the current program of $20 million-is that based on $9,814,000 from the United States?

Dr. ELIOT. Yes; that is so.

At the present time the administration of the fund has pending for presentation before the program committee and the executive board projects in the amount of approximately $11 million, for which money cannot be allocated because the money has been exhausted in its treasury.

Now, if the Congress appropriates the $9.8 million plus, at this time, it will mean that plans can go forward for the remainder of this calendar year 1953 to carry out these projects which have already been requested by the countries.

Mr. VORYS. I would imagine there are about 500,000 children in the world, and many of them need clothing and education and health care. The objection to this program that has come from this committee, and the reason the Congress tried to stop it, was that what started as an emergency relief program to get food and supplies to war-devastated countries, continued in that form and I see that up to date away over half the money has been spent for supplies. We have been concerned with the possibility that our own representatives in the organization deliberately overlooked the point that the emergency is over, unless all childhood is an emergency.

This year again it looks like away over half of it is for supplies of various kinds. For instance, there is $2,870,000 for emergency feeding situations.

What is the disposition of our representatives on the building of an international child welfare organization? Are we to attempt to furnish all the supplies that cannot be provided in a country? The main one would be food, in many cases. In that case, we either do one of two things. We either have a program that runs into figures that have never even been contemplated in order to feed all the children of the world who are hungry, or we play favorites.

I see now what is provided or proposed, and that is that we have a blind date with a brand new program. In order to have Congress do that, what assurance can we get as to the nature of this permanent child-welfare program which many of us feel should be created, and the position our representatives are going to take?

Dr. ELIOT. Mr. Vorys, I am glad you asked those specific questions. because I would like to speak to the nature of the work that is being carried on in these countries and the nature of the supplies.

The work is not of the emergency charter. It is that of a longrange character. The type of work that is being done now by UNICEF and with UNICEF supplies is the development of childwelfare centers in communities which become the focal point for the programs in behalf of mothers and children in those communities to go on for a long period of time.

The earlier mass-feeding campaigns are no longer in operation. When you refer to emergency situations, at the present time, this year, the moneys that are available to this organization are being spent only in the proportion of 15 percent for emergency activities.

I would like to show you this chart which I have had drawn up. which shows the emphasis on emergency programs prior to 1950, and then following the decision of the General Assembly to change the character of the work, the way in which the work was shifted by this organization to long-range program.

(The charts referred to by Dr. Eliot are as follows:)

For instance, when a program of inoculation of children against tuberculosis is developed and reaches actually millions of children, that is a long-range program. That is not just an emergency program of the character that the organization carried out for the first 3 years of its existence, largely in Europe.

I would also like to point out that the proportion of money now being spent in Europe is very small, compared to the amount of money that is being spent in other countries.

The types of supplies that go in are permanent supplies. They are not supplies that will be eaten up immediately.

If a few cases, milk is still being used where, through the maternal and child health centers, special conditions are being met. Such as to combat a disease that is very prevalent both in Latin America and in Africa, a disease which is a deficiency of protein in the food.

Through these permanent centers that are being established, children are being fed skimmed milk almost as medicine, you might say. It is being prescribed by the doctors and nurses in these clinics and it becomes a permanent, long-range undertaking.

Mr. VORYS. You do not mean that the feeding becomes a permanent, long-range thing?

Dr. ELIOT. Mr. Vorys, you are quite correct. No. Because, developing that plan to supplement the diet of children who have a deficiency of protein, the World Health Organization, UNICEF, and the Food and Agriculture Organization, are working together to develop within those areas programs of production of foods that are high protein foods within the area where this preliminary program is being carried out.

For instance, there is pending now before UNICEF a proposal to assist Indonesia in a beginning program of the preparation of what is called soybean milk. That is not milk in our terms at all. It is a fluid made out of soybeans, which can be grown in Indonesia, but which at the present time are not grown in adequate amounts. Mrs. BOLTON. It is high in protein?

Dr. ELIOT. It is very high in protein, and is a food milk substitute for the children in Indonesia, and would be quite satisfactory in meeting their need.

Mr. VORYS. That would be a marvelous project for FAO, but as the United Nations' specialized agencies have developed, and as the emergency situation changes, we know that if children need food there is FAO.

If they have health problems, they have WHO.

If there are educational problems, there is UNESCO.

We also know that in a country you ordinarily cannot develop a source for feeding children alone, because you have a family situation. What steps are you taking to prevent the overlapping! The evidence we have had before our committee is that there has been overlapping, and all four of those agencies have been in the same country doing overlapping surveys and investigations at the same time in the past.

Now, what provisions are you making so that, for instance, on this very interesting and highly interesting soybean-milk project the childwelfare organization does not overlap what FAO is doing?

Dr. ELIOT. May I explain how that works? I think there is no overlapping.