dollars in FY 82 to complete a special task force responsible for recommending a follow-on program. The 12M dollars supports this study activity but will not permit significant development until FY 83. Since the combined development funding provided for hardware during FY 81 was in excess of 50M dollars, this level of funding represents a slow down in a development program during FY 82. The Air Force currently has 24M dollars programmed for Assault Breaker-Pave Mover. This amount will not support follow-on engineering development until FY 83. The supplemental request would increase this figure to 37M in FY 82, an amount adequate to initiate a meaningful engineering development program during that fiscal year. Dr. Fossum. As you can see, we have proceeded rapidly with the radar development, fabrication, and test of the LPI radars. We had two competing contractors. We did the same with the dispenser, the terminally guided munitions and with the procurement of the booster vehicles. We are on schedule at this time and we intend to have the T-16 and the T-22 surface-to-surface missile test during the summer.

We intend also in fiscal year 1982 to continue with T-16 air-tosurface missile tests, and the Air Force intends to go on with a direct attack, that is, aircraft attack in a similar configuration.

This is what is called the Air Launch Assault Breaker, and money has been put into the budget, as I recall, last year from this committee to carry out those programs. The status radars are integrated and flying. First missile launch is due any day now and the production of the terminally guided submunitions is proceeding, as near as we can tell, smoothly.

If I may then, I would like to go on to the Tank Breaker program. Returning for just a moment to Assault Breaker, I remind you that Assault Breaker is to engage Soviet armor in the rear echelons. The program we have to engage Soviet armor in the main battle area is called the Tank Breaker program. The Tank Breaker concept is that of an advanced infantry, antitank weapon in the main battle area. The concept is to use advanced mosaic focal plane technology to allow a very intelligent guidance system to attack the tank in any number of vulnerable areas. In particular, use of the smart focal plane and processor allows the missile to attack the enemy tank [deleted].

The advantage of engaging the tank [deleted] is that the armor at that point is substantially less than it is on the glacis plates and the area where they expect attack. The Tank Breaker concept is a fire-and-forget concept. Once the missile is fired it is totally autonomous and carries out its mission without further intervention by the soldier firing it.

This essentially avoids several things. First of all, because it is fire and forget, it avoids the exposure time problem. We teach soldiers not to expose themselves to enemy fire for more than 8 seconds. It is difficult to get him to do that once he has been trained that way. But we must avoid injecting into the inventory technology which requires him to stand up and expose himself to enemy fire during that time.

This is a highly accurate missile. It has no degradation in accuracy because it is a terminally guided munition as a function of range.

The skill level for operation of this concept is substantially below the skill level of the existing systems. The characteristics: It is a single-man portable system. It is shoulder fired. It has high lethality even against some of the more advanced concepts of armor

plating. It can be used direct, as indicated in this slide, or it can use a lofted trajectory. It is inherently a day-night system. It has a minimum range of [deleted] meters and a maximum range of about [deleted] meters. It has one other distinct advantage and that is it can be fired from enclosed places. Because of the noise level problem we have found that it is capable of being fired from inside a house, for example, without substantial damage to the soldier who is firing it.

The schedule again reflects the philosophy we had in the Assault Breaker, that is, take technology and move it as rapidly as possible, thus cutting down the front end time into a programmatic decision resulting in full scale development. We are now in phase one.

We hope to fire the first missile within 3 years of the initiation of the program which was in March of last year. If I may then, I will go on to the Teal Ruby program which is an example of space surveillance. The Teal Ruby program is a sensor which is an experiment, the objective of which is to demonstrate the ability from a space platform to detect and track mainly high flying aircraft. Our objective is to be able to see [deleted].

[Deleted] again, when they are at altitude. It is much more difficult to see a [deleted] which is flying [deleted].

The advantages, of course, of this type of surveillance system are that it is a worldwide surveillance system inherently, even though it does have revisit times and takes multiple satellites. Its advantage in levering the management of forces can be utilized in a much more intelligent manner because of the early warning provided. It is also not a radar system. It is a passive system and therefore it is difficult to overcome. It uses only passive radiant energy. I have listed for you the characteristics of the system, but I don't think I will go into those. Just to give you an indication of the status of this program: In the technology issues you can see in the next slide that the focal plane technology, the optics, the cooler and the telescope were very difficult technological issues.

With respect to the focal plane, the focal plane will be a mosaic focal plane with a step stare detection process. It will have of the order of [deleted] individual detectors on the focal plane.

Another major thrust in this program was to lightweight substantially the optics and finally to integrate this into a flight sensor. We are in the process right now of integrating the flight sensor. The sensor itself will go in the P80-1, the spacecraft which is funded by the Air Force under the space test program.

In November 1983, we are scheduled for one of the first DOD shuttle launches. The orbit for the experiment will be a [deleted] orbit.

In summary, we will be able to collect the worldwide clutter data on infrared. That is part of the experiment, over a broad wavelength range which will help us in the design of future systems. We will be able to test algorithms for automatic detection, track, and vectoring of threat aircraft. And we will be able to demonstrate the technology. If I may, I would like to show you a brief film clip to show you the algorithm and how it works and an airborne experiment which we have called the Hi-Camp experiment.

HI-CAMP SYSTEM

Hi-Camp is an experiment related to the Teal Ruby program in which we have a ground truth measurement program. We put two focal planes in the system itself and fly it on an A model of the U2 out of NASA Ames in Sunnyvale, Calif. The purpose, of course, is to test the algorithms and to get background information on what

the Teal Ruby will see. I am showing you here a visual camera presentation of what the focal plane actually sees.

The system sees the little square in the center even though the visual part shows a larger field of view. This then is the actual data collected by the Hi-Camp system during the recent test over the desert near Edwards Air Force Base. The different colors indicate the different radiances that are measured.

In there-I don't think you got a chance to see it, but in fact there was in this particular flight a [deleted] airplane that flew, luckily, through the field of view of the system. The result was we were able to test the actual algorithms we will use in Teal Ruby to determine if the step stair algorithm will work and if, in fact, it can generate a track. In this case it did. It generated on a [deleted] airplane and we now have proof from a low altitude at least that this algorithm will work when we go in orbit in 1983.

The next program we have related to space surveillance is the advanced sensor demonstration which has been briefed to this committee as the mini-HALO sensor in previous years. The major objective of this technological program is to enable us to, from synchronous altitude develop and demonstrate the technology for [deleted]. The technology in this particular program is a much expanded mosaic focal plane, nearly an [deleted] more elements on the focal plane than Teal Ruby. A [deleted] optical filter which is important in [deleted] and important for [deleted] an [deleted] onorbit signal processor.

We must lightweight substantially rather large optics and we must solve the long-life cooler problem in order to achieve the sensitivity in the detectors. The phenomenology we are looking at is primarily [deleted] as well as [deleted]. We are also looking at the background clutter which is the limiting noise source aside from detector noise.

A residual utility is primarily in providing a limited [deleted] capability. What will the system do against reasonable threats? Í have outlined for you in the next slide the capabilities of the system.

[Deleted]. On the left side you will see that we can see various types of targets, beginning with the very large and radiant [deleted] going all the way down to the [deleted] in the lower lefthand corner and the [deleted]. The sensitivity is indicated against the [deleted] background or the background of [deleted] by the horizontal line.

On the righthand side since we are very much interested in our ability to detect airplanes as well as missiles in any sort of an [deleted] mission, I have shown what it will do against aircraft. Admittedly, Teal Ruby, which is the lower curve and obviously since it was designed to do that from a lower altitude, will do substantially better.

STRATEGIC LASER COMMUNICATIONS

If I could then move on to the strategic laser communications that Mr. Dickinson asked about earlier, and it was an initiative that came out of this committee. The goal of the strategic laser communications program is to develop those technologies of bluegreen laser communications through clouds and water to submerged submarines in a one-way direction.

The reasons, as I indicated earlier, in Mr. Dickinson's question, where we need to insure the continued survivability and nondetectability of the SSBN force. We believe this will provide a wartime capability C3 link to the SSBN forces. At this time we don't know exactly what approach we will take to the system concept itself. There are now two possible approaches.

In the upper lefthand corner the space-based approach is indicated. In that approach the laser is actually in the spacecraft itself. The signal which is transmitted to the spacecraft is at radio frequency. And the command then going to the submarine is at visible light frequencies or blue green.

The second possible way to implementing this is to put the laser on the ground and have a mirror in space, as indicated at the botton of the vugraph. The basic difference between the two are simply whether the laser in space will in fact have the efficiency, the reliability and the long-term life necessary for the system. The space-based system can be made very survivable, especially if placed in [deleted].

We are confident that the laser on the ground will have long life and growth potential, since it can receive regular maintenance, and that it can provide substantially higher powers.

The CHAIRMAN. Mr. Mollohan has several questions.

Mr. MOLLOHAN. I have several questions but you may be going to partially answer them right now. I would like you to finish what