These data are still under analysis, but it can be said that the experiment was very successful in resolving problems of infant and child

care.

From the 3 experiments conducted, it is believed that enough shelter management experience has been obtained to form the basis for instruction and training. It is our opinion that properly trained leadership is only secondary to having an adequate shelter in the first place.

I would like to discuss briefly the protective experiments that have been accomplished.

"FIRESTORM" EXPERIMENT

One of the protective criteria imposed in the original design study was a capability for closure to the outside atmosphere for a period of 24 hours. This requirement was based on conflicting data from the mass fires set by air attack in World War II in which many people lost their lives in shelters in the fire areas. The greatest number of deaths occurred in basements or makeshift shelters. Since the shelter under consideration in this program is intended to be placed in open areas (school playgrounds, for example), it was not clear whether

closure was necessary. To study this problem, a large instrumented burn was created around the shelter in April 1960. The experiment was done in cooperation with the Pacific Southwest Forest and Range Experiment Station of the U.S. Forest Service. For the burn, about 300 tons of fuel (waste from demolished buildings) were stacked in a 4-acre plot around this shelter, in an arrangement simulating fuel distribution in a densely populated area of single-story dwellings. A view of this burn is provided in figure S-11.

FIGURE S-11.-FIRESTORM-REPUTED TO BE THE LARGEST MAN-MADE FIRE EVER SET FOR A RESEARCH PROJECT. OPERATION FIRESTORM TOOK PLACE AT CAMP PARKS ON APRIL 15, 1960. THE FIRE COVERED AN AREA ABOVE AND SURROUNDING THE SHELTER TO FIND OUT WHAT WOULD HAPPEN TO EXPOSED PORTIONS OF THE SHELTER AND HOW MUCH HEAT WOULD REGISTER INSIDE.

The shelter vents were open during this burn although the ventilation blower was not operated. One hundred simulated occupants were placed in the shelter to provide proper conditions for gravity ventilation; in other words, we were under natural ventilation during this experiment.