Civil Defense

Letters, statements, etc.; submitted for the record by-Continued
Corsbie, R. L., etc.-Continued

Excerpt from report of the National Academy of Sciences-Na-
tional Research Council re radiation ___

Figure C-1.-Nuclear effects versus weapon yield..

Figure C-2.-Relative degree of weapon effects for various burst

conditions.

✓ Protection against nuclear effects afforded by an underground,

corrugated metal arch shelter...

Thermal dose at 1 to 10 miles from 1 to 10 megaton surface

bursts in calories per square centimeter...

Excerpt from the Federal Civil Defense Act of 1950.

Funding for nonmilitary defense__

Overpressures in pounds per square inch at ranges of 1 to

10 miles from 1 to 10 megaton surface bursts.

Department of Defense: Comments re construction of shelters_

Ellis, Frank B., Director, Office of Civil Defense and Mobilization:

Excerpt from Executive Order No. 10952___

Initial radiation doses in REM at ranges of 1 to 10 miles

from 1 to 10 megaton explosions__.

Griffiths, Hon. Martha W., a Representative in Congress from the
State of Michigan:

Excerpt from statement of Adm. Arthur Radford, former Chair-
man, Joint Chiefs of Staff, re civil defense...
Excerpt from statement of Frank B. Ellis.

Gouré, Leon, RAND Corp.:

Excerpt from a current Soviet civil defense handbook__

Figure G-1.-Organization of a Soviet self-defense group..

Figure G-2.-Soviet city civil defense organization__

265

266

267

Figure G-3.-Soviet civil defense training chart (Caption reads:

"In an anti-air raid defense group

You will find out

You will learn") _ .

269

Figure G-4.-Illustration from Soviet training manual (types of

protective clothing).

271

Figure G-5.-Illustration from Soviet training manual (indi-

vidual decontamination packet, IPP-5) -

272

Figure G-6.-Illustration from Soviet training manual (indi-

vidual decontamination packet, IPP-3) -

273

Figure G-7.-Sketch of Soviet civil defense shelter (deep shelter).

275

Figure G-8.-Sketch of Soviet civil defense shelter (heavy air-raid

shelters).

276

Figure G-9.-Sketch of Soviet civil defense shelter (detached

shelters).

278

Figure G-10.-Soviet civil defense shelters___

279

Figure G-11.-View of Moscow subway station..

280

Figure G-12.-View of entrance to Moscow subway station indi-

cating concealed blast door in floor...

281

Figure G-13.-View of entrance to Moscow subway station indi-

cating concealed blast door in wall..

282

Figure G-14.-Soviet civil defense basement shelter...

284

Figure G-15.-Soviet apartment house basement shelter filter-

ventilation unit_

Figure G-16.-Soviet apartment house basement shelter emer-

gency exit..

285

287.-

Figure G-17.-Soviet civil defense emergency shelters (dugout

and reinforced concrete pipe) - - -

288

Figure G-18.-Soviet civil defense emergency shelters (covered

trenches)

289

Figure G-19.-Exits from Moscow.

292

Figure G-20.-Soviet civil defense CW detector kits_-_-

Figure G-21.-Soviet civil defense RW detection equipment__

Hanunian, Norman A., economist, RAND Corp.:

Figure NH-1.-Distribution of U.S. population

293

294

210

Figure NH-2.-Prompt deaths from alternative bombing attacks

(deaths due to blast and prompt radiations)

213

Figure NH-3.-Prompt and total deaths from hypothetical

attacks..

216

Letters, statements, etc.; submitted for the record by-Continued
Hanunian, Norman A., economist, RAND Corp. Continued

Figure NH-4.-Percentage of population having ready access to
dwelling basements, by region....

Figure NH-5.-Total deaths resulting from attacks on CONUS

military installations (3,000 megatons) -

Page

222

228

Figure NH-6.-Total deaths resulting from attacks on CONUS
military installations (10,000 megatons) -

230.

Figure NH-7.-Total deaths resulting from attacks on CONUS
military installations (30,000 megatons) -
Table NH-1.-Levels of residual radiation..

231

224

Hill, Dr. Jerald E., RAND Corp.:

Table H-1.-Significant target parameters in the atomic bomb
attacks on Hiroshima and Nagasaki...

347

Table H-2.-Fire damage in Hiroshima and Nagasaki..

348

Table H-3.-Forest area burned annually and numbers of fires
in continental United States_

353

Table H-4.-Fire spread from thermonuclear weapons.

Holifield, Hon. Chet, a Representative in Congress from the State of
California, and chairman, Military Operations Subcommittee:
Excerpt from statement of Frank B. Ellis...

Excerpt from statement of Hon. Robert S. McNamara_

Kahn, Herman, Hudson Institute:

Excerpt from a book review by Walter Millis of the book, “Tragic
but Distinguishable Postwar States".

Excerpt of a letter from an extremely intelligent and reasonable
private citizen_ _ _

Figure K-1.-Some common reactions to civil defense... 168, 179, 183

Figure K-2.-Tragic but distinguishable postwar states..

Figure K-3.—A complete description of a thermonuclear war in-

Figure K-4.-The subtle view of deterrence_

cludes the analysis of--

Figure K-5.-Excerpt from speech by C. P. Snow.

Figure K-6.-Five possible attacks.

Explanation of chart, counterforce plus avoidance_

Figure K-7.-Special counterforce situations...

356

Question re evacuation, whether or not reasonable or effective..
Suggested probable reactions of committee re military superiority.
McNamara, Hon. Robert S., Secretary of Defense:

Biographical sketch of Adam Yarmolinsky, special assistant to
the Secretary and Deputy Secretary of Defense-
Excerpt from Executive Order No. 10952..

Information on the roles of Reserve Forces in relation to civil
defense, from the Office of the Secretary of Defense, July 31,
1961__

Principles stated by the Secretary of Defense re administration

of the civil defense program__.

Mitchell, H. H., M.D., RAND Corp.:

Figure M-1.-Photograph showing the copper basin at Copper-

hill, Tenn.

334

Figure M-2.-Decrease in percentage of basal cover in the short-

grass type during drought and increase during recovery after

drought.

336

Figure M-3.-Dose range in roentgens for effects of possible

ecological significance.

337

Figure M-4.-Radiosensitivity of drosophila.

338

Figure M-5.-Response of dormant seeds to varying doses of

cobalt 60 gamma rays as measured by seedling growth in a

greenhouse

339

Figure M-6.-Percentage of decontamination by removal of crops

and mulches..

342

Table M-1.-Tolerance of various plants to chronic gamma

radiation__

339

Table M-2.-Sensitivity of mammals to radiation___

340

Table M-3.-Percentage of decontamination by scraping surface

soil following various treatments_

342

Letters, statements, etc.; submitted for the record by-Continued

Morse, Hon. F. Bradford, a Representative in Congress from the State

of Massachusetts:

Excerpt from Executive Order No. 10952__

Excerpt from President Kennedy's talk to the Nation, May 25,

1961..

Excerpt from the farewell message to the Nation by a former

President of the United States, July 18, 1961-----

Roback, Herbert, staff administrator, Military Operations Subcom-

mittee:

Excerpt from "An Analysis of Civil Defense_Hazards Being

Created by Emplacement of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles

Near Tucson," by Dr. James E. McDonald, the University of

Arizona__

Excerpt from statement of Gov. Millard F. Caldwell, of Florida,

first administrator of the Federal Civil Defense Administration,

before the House Appropriations Committee, March 16, 1951.

Excerpt from statement of Hon. Robert S. McNamara before
the Armed Services Committee re shelter costs__-
Excerpt of a letter from an engineer in Michigan, to Frank B.
Ellis, re deficiencies of official shelter recommended by OCDM_

Excerpt of a press release from the Los Angeles shelter study, re

105

Basement shelter protection..

Statement welcoming testimony of Capt. Eli B. Roth..

Stebbins, Maj. Albert K., III, Defense Atomic Support Agency: Anal-

ysis summarized by Dr. Herbert F. York, re the t-12 rule..

Strope, Walmer E., Associate Scientific Director, U.S. Naval Radio-
logical Defense Laboratory, San Francisco, Calif.:

257

129

238

Excerpt from hearings before the Special Subcommittee on Radi-
ation of the Joint Committee on Atomic Energy, June 1959---

Figure S-1.-Cutaway view of shelter___

256

239

Figure S-2.-Shelter entrance showing blast bulkhead, door, and

intake ventilators____

243

Figure S-3.-View looking from rear toward shelter door--

Figure S-4.-View looking toward rear of shelter with bunks

stored along walls__.

244/

243

Figure S-5.-Body heat and humidity simulation apparatus

located in dummy bunk racks.......

247

Figure S-6.-Body heat simulating apparatus arranged for

normal messing facilities..

Figure S-11.-FIRESTORM-Reputed to be the largest man-

made fire ever set for a research project. Operation FIRE-

STORM took place at Camp Parks on April 15, 1960. The

fire covered an area above and surrounding the shelter to find

out what would happen to exposed portions of the shelter and

how much heat would register inside...

Table S-1.-Summary of packages and costs..

254

241

Table S-2.-Cost summary of USNRDL experimental shelter.

244

Winter, Sidney G., Jr., RAND Corp.:

Figure W-1.-Concentration of resources-population and sur-

vival industry-----

316

Figure W-2.-Concentration of resources-survival industry and

population___

317

Figure W-3.-Concentration of resources-population and re-

covery and military support industry.

320

Figure W-4.-Concentration of resources-recovery and military

support industry and population..

321

Figure W-5.-Concentration of resources-population and petrol-

eum refining--

323

Figure W-6.-Concentration of resources-petroleum refining

and population..

324

Table W-1.-Percent of capacity output required in various in-
dustries to meet austere consumption requirements...

314

Letters, statements, etc.; submitted for the record by-Continued

Yarmolinsky, Adam, special assistant to the Secretary of Defense:

Air Force analysis of the paper "An Analysis of Fallout Hazards

From ICBM Sites Located Upwind of Cities," by Dr. James E.

McDonald, the University of Arizona.

Department of Defense budget request for civil defense functions,

fiscal year 1962_.

Fallout protection of monitoring stations.

Information re number of people available from the Corps of
Engineers and the Bureau of Yards and Docks, also plans for
contracting survey work...
Siting of missile bases...

APPENDIXES

Appendix 1A.-Excerpt from the President's address to the Congress,

May 25, 1961, on "Urgent National Needs” (H. Doc. 174, 87th Cong.,

1st sess.)

Appendix 1B.-Excerpt from the President's televised address to the

American people, July 25, 1961.

Appendix 2.-Text of memorandum from Frank B. Ellis, Director, Office

of Civil and Defense Mobilization, to President Kennedy, July 7, 1961.

Appendix 3A.-Executive Order No. 10952, July 20, 1961-

113

Appendix 3B.-White House press release of July 20, 1961, re Executive

Order No. 10952__.

381

Appendix 3C.-Statement of Frank B. Ellis, Director, Office of Civil and

Defense Mobilization, July 20, 1961-

382

Appendix 3D.-Statement of Robert S. McNamara, Secretary of Defense,

July 20, 1961_.

383

Appendix 4A.-Executive Order No. 10958, August 14, 1961-.

383

Appendix 4B.-White House press release re Executive Order No. 10958,

August 14, 1961_.

Appendix 5.-Bureau of the Budget role in civil defense reorganization

the request of the subcommittee by David E. Bell, Director of the

Bureau of the Budget)..

Appendix 6.-Upgrading of strategic materials (statement dated August 23,

1961, submitted at the request of the subcommittee by Frank B. Ellis,

Director, Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization) -

Appendix 7.-Developments affecting defense food reserves (summary

statement dated August 23, 1961, submitted at the request of the sub-

committee by Frank B. Ellis, Director, Office of Civil and Defense

Mobilization). ..

Appendix 8A.-Summary statement on civil defense operations, dated

August 1, 1961, submitted at the request of the subcommittee by the

Comptroller General of the United States..

Appendix 8B.-Letter to the General Accounting Office from Frank B. Ellis,

Director, Office of Civil and Defense Mobilization, dated July 18, 1961,

commenting on draft report of Federal contributions program__

Appendix 9A.-OCDM appropriation history (1951 through 1961)-

Appendix 9B.-Recapitulation of OCDM total funding by major categories

Appendix 9C.-OCDM expenditures by major categories and years (1951

through 1961)__

397

Appendix 9D.-OCDM salaries and expenses by years (1951 through

1961)..

397

Appendix 9E.-OCDM funding for Federal contributions program by

years (1951 through 1961).

398

Appendix 9F.-OCDM funding for emergency supplies and equipment

program by years (1951 through 1961).

398

Appendix 9G.-OCDM funding for research and development programs

by years (1951 through 1961).

398

Appendix 9H.-OCDM funding for functions assigned to other Federal

agencies by years (1951 through 1961)_.

399

Appendix 91.-OCDM funding for construction of protective facilities by

years (1951 through 1961)__

399

Appendix 9J.-Funding for civil defense procurement fund by years

(1951 through 1961)__

399

Appendix 10.-"Food Supply for Fallout Shelters," November 1960,
report of the Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agri-
culture..

Appendix 11.- "Survival Ration Plan," report of Governor Morrison's
(Nebraska) Committee on Food Rations for Civil Defense.
Appendix 12.-Study of civil defense reorganization, by McKinsey & Co.,
Inc., transmitted to the Bureau of the Budget, July 14, 1961..
Appendix 13.-"An Analysis of Civil Defense Hazards Being Created by
Emplacement of Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles Near Tucson," by
James E. McDonald, University of Arizona__

Appendix 14.-Statement of the National Association of State Civil Defense
Directors..

Appendix 15.-Statement of National Committee for Sane Nuclear
Policy

Appendix 16.—Statement of Women's International League for Peace
and Freedom.

Appendix 17.-Statement of Friends Committee on National Legislation_
Appendix 18.-Answers from the Department of Defense to questions
asked by Congressman R. Walter Riehlman__

LIST OF SUBJECT HEADINGS

Opening statement of Chairman Holifield...

Statement of ranking minority member.

Four principles stated by Secretary McNamara_

Program to give fallout protection__.

Competition between defensive systems.

Survey, marking, and identification of shelters_

Modification of existing shelter space..

Stocking and equipping shelters-

Home warning system...

Radiological monitoring equipment-

Research and development..