in such a war, engage to extend immediately to the other Contracting Party thus involved in military action all manner of military and other support and assistance at its disposal. ARTICLE 4 The High Contracting Parties, having regard to the security interests of each of them, agree to close and friendly cooperation in the period after the restoration of peace and agree to act in accordance with the principles of mutual respect for their independence and sovereignty, as well as of non-interference in the internal affairs of the other State. They agree to develop their economic relations to the fullest possible extent and to extend to each other all possible economic assistance after the war. ARTICLE 5 Each of the High Contracting Parties engages not to conclude any alliance and not to take part in any coalition directed against the other High Contracting Party. ARTICLE 6 The present treaty shall come into force immediately after signature and shall be ratified within the shortest possible time; the exchange of ratifications will take place in Moscow as soon as possible. The present treaty shall remain in force for a period of twenty years from the date of signature, and if one of the High Contracting Parties at the end of this period of twenty years does not give notice of its desire to terminate the treaty twelve months before its expiration, it will continue to remain in force for the following five years and for each ensuing five-year period unless one of the High Contracting Parties gives notice in writing twelve months before the expiration of the current five-year period of its intention to terminate it. In witness whereof the plenipotentiaries have signed the present Treaty and have affixed their seals thereto. Done in two copies in Russian and Czechoslovak. Both texts have the same authenticity. Moscow, December 12, 1943. By Authority of the Presidium of By Authority of the President of V. MOLOTOV PROTOCOL TO THE TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP, MUTUAL ASSISTANCE AND POST-WAR COOPERATION BETWEEN THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS AND THE CZECHOSLOVAKIAN REPUBLIC CONCLUDED DECEMBER 12, 1943 On the conclusion of the Treaty of Friendship, Mutual Assistance and Post-War Cooperation between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Czechoslovakian Republic the High Contracting Parties undertake that, in the event that any third country bordering on the USSR or the Czechoslovakian Republic and constituting in this war an object of German aggression desires to subscribe to this Treaty, it will be given the opportunity, upon the joint agreement of the Governments of the USSR and the Czechoslovakian Republic, to adhere to this treaty, which will thus acquire the character of a tripartite agreement. The present Protocol is done in two copies in Russian and in Czechoslovak. Both texts have the same authenticity. Moscow, December 12, 1943. By Authority of the Presidium of By Authority of the President of V. MOLOTOV (3) TREATY FOR FRIENDSHIP, COLLABORATION AND MUTUAL ASSISTANCE BETWEEN THE PEOPLE'S REPUBLIC BULGARIA AND THE USSR The Presidium of the Grand National Assembly of the People's Republic Bulgaria and the Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Union of the Soviet Socialist Republics In order to develop and strengthen further the friendly relations between Bulgaria and USSR, Convinced that the strengthening of the friendship between Bulgaria and the Soviet Union corresponds to the vital interest of the peoples of the two states and will be most conducive to their economic development, Permeated by the desire to collaborate mutually in the interest of general peace and security, in conformity with the aims and principles of the United Nations Organization, Decided to conclude to that end the present Treaty and appointed as their respective Plenipotentiaries: The Presidium of the Grand National Assembly of the People's Republic Bulgaria Georgi Dimitrov, Prime-Minister of the People's Republic Bulgaria, The Presidium of the Supreme Council of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics-Viaceslav Mihailovich Molotov, Vice-President of the Council of Ministers and Minister for Foreign Affairs of USSR, who after exchange of their powers found in good and due form, agreed as follows: ARTICLE 1 The High Contracting Parties bind themselves to take jointly all measures within their power to set aside all threats of revival of aggression by Germany or any other state whatsoever which may unite itself with Germany directly or in any other manner whatsoever. The High Contracting Parties state their intention to participate. with a spirit of most sincere collaboration in all international actions having for aim to secure peace and security and to contribute fully in the implementation of these noble tasks. ARTICLE 2 In the event that one of the High Contracting Parties shall become involved in military operations against Germany, on Germany attempting to revive its aggressive policy, or with any other state whatsoever, which may directly or in any other manner whatsoever join Germany in its policy of aggression, then the other High Contracting Party will give promptly to the Contracting Party involved in military operations all military and other assistance with all the means at its disposal. The present Treaty will be implemented in accordance with the principles of the Charter of the United Nations Organizations. ARTICLE 3 Each of the High Contracting Parties undertakes not to conclude any alliance whatsoever and not to participate in any coalition whatsoever, or any actions or undertakings, directed against the other High Contracting Party. ARTICLE 4 The High Contracting Parties shall consult on all more important international matters concerning the interests of the Parties. ARTICLE 5 The High Contracting Parties declare that they shall develop and strengthen the economic and cultural ties between the two states in a spirit of friendship and collaboration, in conformity with the principles of mutual respect of their independence and sovereignty and nonintervention in the domestic matters of the other state. ARTICLE 6 The present Treaty shall be valid for twenty years from its conclusion. If on the expiration of the twenty year period one of the High Contracting Parties does not give one year's notice before the date of such expiration of its desire to denounce the Treaty, then the treaty shall remain in force during the next following five years, and this shall continue to be so in every such instance until one of the High Contracting Parties one year before the expiration of such current five yearly period shall not give notice in writing of its intention to cease the operation of the Treaty. The present Treaty enters in force immediately on its execution and is subject to as speedy ratification as possible. The exchange of the ratification instruments shall take place in Sofia as rapidly as possible. In witness whereof the Plenipotentiaries signed the present Treaty and affixed their seals thereto. Done in Moscow, this 18th day of March 1948, in two originals in the Bulgarian and Russian languages, both texts having equal force. Empowered by the Presidium of Empowered by the Presidium of the Grand National Assembly the Supreme Council of USSR: of the People's Republic Bulgaria: GEORGI DIMITROV VIACESLAV M. MOLOTOV (4) TREATY OF FRIENDSHIP, CO-OPERATION AND MUTUAL ASSISTANCE BETWEEN THE USSR AND THE FINNISH REPUBLIC The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the President of the Finnish Republic, with the object of further promoting friendly relations between the USSR and Finland, convinced that consolidation of good-neighborly relations and co-operation between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Finnish Republic meets the vital interests of both countries, considering Finland's aspiration to stand aside from the contradictions of interests of the Great Powers, and expressing their unswerving aspiration to co-operate in the interests of the preservation of international peace and security in conformity with the aims and principles of the United Nations organization, have decided to conclude for these ends the present Treaty, and to appoint as their plenipotentiary representatives: for the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics-Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov, Vice-chairman of the Council of Ministers and Minister of Foreign Affairs of the USSR; for the President of the Finnish Republic-Mauno Pekkala, Prime Minister of the Finnish Republic, who upon exchanging their credentials, found in due form and full order, have agreed upon the following: ARTICLE I In In the event of Finland or the Soviet Union, across the territory of Finland, becoming the object of military aggression on the part of Germany or any State allied to the latter, Finland, loyal to her duty as an independent State, will fight to repulse the aggression. doing so, Finland will direct all the forces at her diposal to the defense of the inviolability of her territory on land, on sea and in the air, acting within her boundaries in accordance with her obligations under the present Treaty, with the assistance, in case of need, of the Soviet Union or jointly with the latter. In the cases indicated above, the Soviet Union will render Finland the necessary assistance, in regard to the granting of which the parties will agree between themselves. ARTICLE II The high contracting parties will consult each other in the event of a threat of military attack envisaged in Article I being ascertained. ARTICLE III The high contracting parties affirm their intention to participate most sincerely in all actions aimed at preserving international peace and security in conformity with the aims and principles of the United Nations organization. ARTICLE IV The high contracting parties reaffirm the undertaking, contained in Article III of the Peace Treaty signed in Paris on February 10, 1947, not to conclude any alliance and not to take part in coalitions aimed against the other high contracting party. ARTICLE V The high contracting parties affirm their determination to act in the spirit of co-operation and friendship with the object of further promoting and consolidating the economic and cultural ties between the Soviet Union and Finland. ARTICLE VI The high contracting parties undertake to observe the principles of mutual respect for their State sovereignty and independence as well as non-interference in the domestic affairs of the other State. ARTICLE VII Implementations of the present Treaty will conform to the principles of the United Nations organization. ARTICLE VIII The present Treaty is subject to ratification, and will be valid for ten years as from the day of its coming into force. The Treaty will come into force as from the day of the exchange of ratification instruments, which will be effected in Helsinki within the shortest possible time. Unless either of the high contracting parties denounces the Treaty one year before the expiration of the above-mentioned ten-year term, it will remain in force for each of the next five-year terms until either of the high contracting parties gives notice in writing of its intention. to terminate the operation of the Treaty. In witness whereof the plenipotentiary representatives have signed the present Treaty and affixed their seals thereto. Made in Moscow on April 6, 1948, in two copies each in the Russian and Finnish languages, both texts being equally valid. On the authorization of the Pre- On the authorization of the Presisidium of the Supreme Soviet of dent of the Finnish Republic MAUNO PEKKALA the USSR VYACHESLAV MOLOTOV |