ATOMIC BOMB AND MISSILE BUILDERS Sales to: Ministry of Industry and Military Industrialization, which ran the atomic bomb, missile and chemical weapon factories; Nassr state enterprise, where equipment for enriching atomic bomb fuel was made; Salah Al Din site, where electronic equipment for missiles and atomic bombs was made; Ministry of Defense, which oversaw missile and atomic bomb development. Axel Electronics: capacitors $84,000 BDM Corporation: computers; computer-assisted design equipment-$52,000 Carl Zeiss: microcomputers for mapping-$104,545 Consarc Corporation: computers to run machine tools capable of manufacturing atomic bomb parts (this sale was stopped by Presidential order in June 1990)$525,550 Data General Corporation: computers for mapping-$324,000 Gerber Systems: computers to run machine tools capable of manufacturing atomic bomb and missile parts $367,428 Hewlett Packard: computers for making molds; frequency synthesizers and other equipment useful for operating secured military communications systems$1,045,500 Honeywell Inc.: computers $353,333 International Computer Systems: computers for manufacturing, tool design and graphics $4,497,700 International Computers Ltd.: computers $687,994 Leybold Vacuum Systems: computer controlled welder used by Iraqis to produce centrifuges for making atomic bomb fuel-$1,400,000 Lummus Crest: Radio spectrum rum analyzers; design computers; computers for factories producing mustard gas ingredients $250,000 Rockwell Collins International: equipment for navigation, directional finding, radar communications or airborne communications-$127,558 Sackman Associates: computers and instruments capable of analyzing metals and powders for atomic bomb and missile manufacture $60,000 Siemens Corporation: computers and instruments capable of analyzing metals and powders for atomic bomb and missile manufacture $78,000 Spectra Physics: lasers; detection and tracking equipment for lasers-$19,000 Wild Magnavox Satellite Survey: computers for processing satellite images that are useful for military mapping and surveillance-$270,000 Zeta Laboratories: quartz crystals for military radar-$1,105,000 MISSILE BUILDERS Sales to: Saad 16, the main missile research site; State Organization for Technical Industry, the procurement organization for missile sites that bought most Scud missile parts and equipment. BDM Corporation: computers; superconducting electronics-$29,405 Carl Schenck: computers $10,228 EZ Logic Data: computers-$27,800 Finnigan MAT: computers that U.N. inspectors believe monitored uranium enrichment for atomic bomb fuel-$483,000 Hewlett Packard: electronic testing equipment; computers; frequency synthesizers; radio spectrum analyzers $599,257 257 International Computer Systems: computers $1,375,000 International Imaging Systems: computers for processing satellite data; infrared equipment capable of aerial reconaissance and military surveillance-$688,000 Lummus Crest: computers to aid factory design-$44,320 Perkin-Elmer: computers- $24,560 Scientific Atlanta: equipment for producing radar antennas $820,000 Semetex Corporation: computers $5,155,781 Spectral Data Corporation: satellite data processing equipment-$26,880 Wiltron Company: equipment for making radar antennas $49,510 [Insert from the New York Times, The Week in Review, Sunday, July 18, 1993E5.] IRAQ'S PURCHASES IN THE A-BOMB SUPERMARKET The Number of Deals The Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control has compiled a list of all the publicly known deals in which Iraq bought technology and equipment for its nuclear and missile programs before the Persian Gulf war in 1991. Some purchases were made from brokers rather than directly from the manufacturer. A deal can mean construction of an entire factory, or supplying the machine tools or training to operate it. The vast majority of these deals were approved by or made through the governments. Breakdown of Iraq's purchases, weighted for importance to its nuclear and missile programs, as estimated by the Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control. One example: although France had only six transactions with the Iraqis, one was to build the Osirak nuclear reactor, which Israel destroyed by bombing in 1981. Switzerland 8 percent Italy 5 percent France 5 percent Brazil 4 percent Britain 3.5 percent United States 3.5 percent Soviet Union Austria 3 percent Argentina Egypt Belgium Japan Niger 1.5 percent Portugal Yugoslavia Saudi Arabia 1.5 percent Other West Germany [Source on all charts: Gary Milhollin and Diana L. Edensword, Wisconsin Project on Nuclear Arms Control.] A SAMPLING OF THE PURCHASES Types of technologies and equipment bought by Iraq from the five countries with the greatest share of responsibility BEEFING UP THE SCUD MISSILE: WHO HELPED The Soviet Union supplied Iraq with Scud missiles that had a range of 180 miles. They were used to bombard Israeli cities and a military base in Saudi Arabia where 28 American soldiers were killed after Saddam Hussein expanded the range to 380 miles. These companies and government agencies had roles: AUSTRIA WEST GERMANY AVL Designed rocket test tunnel for missile Anlagen Bau Contor Supplied laboratory Consultco Designed missile complex Alfred Fenneberg Managed construction of missile fuel complex Aviatest Built wind tunnels, supplied engineers for missile complex Beaujean Developed and supplied test stands for missile propulsion BP; Carl Zeiss; Degussa; Tesa Supplied training in missile electronics, wind tunnels, test facilities Fritz Werner Subcontractor and supplier for missile complex Gildemeister Contractor for missile complex, blueprints, machine tools, furnaces, test stands, control facilities H & H Metalform Supplied rocketry equipment, cylindrical presses, testing plant for missile complex Havert Industrie Supplied material, equipment, fast-refueling pressure units Heinrich Mueller Supplied precision lathes Inwako Intermediary for delivery of components to install gyroscopes Saudi Pump Factory Helped supply test Leifeld Supplied cylindrical presses, rocket stand for turbo pumps SOVIET UNION motor nozzles Messerschmitt-Bolkow-Blohm (MBB) Soviet Government Supplied at least 819 Subcontractor for missile complex Scuds SWITZERLAND Condor Projekt Supervised construction of missile fuel production site UNITED STATES Electronics Associates Supplied computer system for missile wind tunnel International Imaging Systems Supplied imaging enhancing equipment capable of missile targeting Litton Industries Financed West German firm Gildemeister, which built Iraq's missile complex Scientific Atlanta Supplied antenna testers (through West German firms) for missile complex Tektronix Supplied measuring equipment (through West German firm MBB) to missile site Wiltron Supplied network analyzers used to develop missile guidance MBB and Gildemeister Transferred American-made computers, electronic test equipment MBB and Transtechnica Helped build radar tracking station, rocket test stand for missile complex Nickel Supplied climate control technology for fuel stores at missile fuel production site Sauer Informatic Supplied computer plant for missile complex Schaeftelmaier Supplied electronic measurement and testing instruments for missile fuel production Siemens Supplied switching devices, transformers, electrical systems to control missile fuel production, equipped radio room at missile complex Thyssen Contract for 305 turbopumps (supplied 35) Carl Zeiss Supplied computerized mapping equipment |