4. That on the signing of the political agreement provision be made for the gradual reduction of the armed forces of both parties. 5. That as soon as practicable after the signing of the truce agreement, economic activity, trade, transportation and communications be restored through the co-operation of both parties, taking into consideration the interests of all the constituent parts of Indonesia. 6. That provision be made for a suitable period of not less than six months nor more than one year after the signing of the agreement, during which time uncoerced and free discussion and consideration of vital issues will proceed. At the end of this period, free elections will be held for self-determination by the people of their political relationship to the United States of Indonesia. 7. That a constitutional convention be chosen according to democratic procedure to draft a constitution for the United States of Indonesia. 8. It is understood that if, after signing the agreement referred to in item 1, either party should ask the United Nations to provide an agency to observe conditions at any time up to the point at which sovereignty is transferred from the Government of the Netherlands to the Government of the United States of Indonesia, the other party will take this request in serious consideration. The following four principles are taken from the Linggadjati Agreement: 9. Independence for the Indonesian peoples. 10. Co-operation between the peoples of the Netherlands and Indonesia. 11. A sovereign state on a federal basis under a constitution which will be arrived at by democratic processes. 12. A union between the United States of Indonesia and other parts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands under the King of the Netherlands. Confirmed for the Government of the Kingdom of the Netherlands RADEN ABDULKADIR WIDJOJOATMODJO Chairman of the delegation Confirmed for the Government of the Republic of Indonesia DR. AMIR SJARIFUDDIN The representatives on the United Nations Security Council Committee of Good Offices on the Indonesian Question, and the Committee Secretary, whose signatures are hereunto subscribed on this 17th day of January 1948, on board the U. S. S. Renville, testify that the above principles are agreed to as a basis for the political discussions. Chairman: MR. JUSTICE RICHARD C. KIRBY (Australia) Representatives: MR. PAUL VAN ZEELAND (Belgium) DR. FRANK P. GRAHAM (United States) T. G. NARAYANAN Secretary: (b) Additional Principles for the Negotiations Between the Netherlands and the Republic of Indonesia, January 19, 1948 1 The Committee of Good Offices is of the opinion that the following principles, among others, form a basis for the negotiations towards a political settlement: 1. Sovereignty throughout the Netherlands Indies is and shall remain with the Kingdom of the Netherlands until, after a stated interval, the Kingdom of the Netherlands transfers its sovereignty to the United States of Indonesia. Prior to the termination of such stated interval, the Kingdom of the Netherlands may confer appropriate rights, duties and responsibilities on a provisional federal government of the territories of the future United States of Indonesia. The United States of Indonesia, when created, will be a sovereign and independent State in equal partnership with the Kingdom of the Netherlands in a Netherlands-Indonesian Union at the head of which shall be the King of the Netherlands. The status of the Republic of Indonesia will be that of a state within the United States of Indonesia. 2. In any provisional federal government created prior to the ratification of the constitution of the future United States of Indonesia, all states will be offered fair representation. 3. Prior to the dissolution of the Committee of Good Offices, either party may request that the services of the Committee be continued to assist in adjusting differences between the parties which relate to the political agreement and which may arise during the interim period. The other party will interpose no objection to such a request; this request would be brought to the attention of the Security Council of the United Nations by the Government of the Netherlands. 4. Within a period of not less than six months or more than one year from the signing of this agreement, a plebiscite will be held to determine whether the populations of the various territories of Java, Madura and Sumatra wish their territory to form part of the Republic of Indonesia or of another state within the United States of Indonesia, such plebiscite to be conducted under observation by the Committee of Good Offices should either party, in accordance with the procedure set forth in paragraph 3 above, request the services of the Committee in this capacity. The parties may agree that another method for ascertaining the will of the populations may be employed in place of a plebiscite. 5. Following the delineation of the states in accordance with the procedure set forth in paragraph 4 above, a constitutional convention will be convened, through democratic procedures, to draft a constitution for the United States of Indonesia. The representation of the various states in the convention will be in proportion to their populations. 6. Should any state decide not to ratify the constitution and desire, in accordance with the principles of articles 3 and 4 of the Linggadjati Agreement, to negotiate a special relationship with the United States of Indonesia and the Kingdom of the Netherlands, neither party will object. 1 UN Doc. S/649, February 10, 1948. These principles were submitted by the Committee of Good Offices at the fourth meeting of the Committee of Good Offices with the parties on January 17, 1948, and accepted at the fifth meeting of the Committee with the parties on January 19, 1948. (c) Statement to the Security Council by the United States Representative on the Good Offices Committee on Indonesia, February 17, 19481 We were always aware of the wisdom in the statements of both the former Prime Minister of the Republic and the Netherlands Ambassador to the United States that there would be reciprocal relations between progress in the effectuation of the truce and progress in the settlement of the political dispute. Accordingly, on Christmas Day, our Committee unanimously adopted a draft plan-on an informal basis-including truce proposals and democratic political principles which were submitted informally to the parties as an integrated and balanced whole. The Republic, though expressing disappointment in what it considered a rigid truce plan, with a status quo line which for a time would continue to include behind Dutch lines former Republican areas containing millions of people, accepted the plan as a whole for its political principles of freedom and democracy, independence and union. The Netherlands, holding the Christmas message on its continuing informal basis, as counter proposals, accepted most of the suggestions, rejected parts, and accepted other parts with modifications. The Netherlands then made these proposals formal with indications that if not accepted by the Republic, it would not be bound by the twelve political principles. These twelve principles provided, among other things, for the continuance of the assistance of the Committee of Good Offices in the working out of the settlement of the political dispute in Java, Sumatra and Madura; for civil and political liberties; that there would be no interference with the expression of popular movements, looking toward the formation of states in accordance with the principles of the Linggadjati agreement; that changes in the administration of territory would be made only with the full and free consent of the population of the territory at a time of security and freedom from coercion; that, on the signing of the political agreement, there would be gradual reduction of the armed forces of both parties; that, on the signing of the truce agreement, there would be resumption of trade, transportation and communication through the cooperation of the parties; that there would be a period of not less than six months nor more than one year after the signing of the agreement during which uncoerced and free discussion of vital issues should proceed and that at the end of such period free elections would be held for self-determination by the people of their political relations to the United States of Indonesia; provision for the convening of a Constitutional Convention by democratic procedure; provision for serious consideration by one party of the request of the other party for an agency of the United Nations to observe conditions between the signing of the agreement and the transfer of sovereignty from the Netherlands to the United States of Indonesia; provisions for the independence of the Indonesian people and cooperation between the peoples of the Netherlands and Indonesia; provision for a sovereign nation on a federal basis under a constitution to be arrived at by democratic procedures; and provision for the Union of the United 1 Work of the United Nations Good Offices Committee in Indonesia, Department of State publication 3108, International Organization and Conference Series III, 4, pp. 9-10; Department of State Bulletin of March 14, 1948, pp. 331-332. Made on February 17, 1948, and released to the press by the U. S. Mission to the United Nations on the same date. This is a partial text. States of Indonesia and the other parts of the Kingdom of the Netherlands under the King of the Netherlands. While deeply appreciative of the fact that the twelve political principles contained many basic provisions for freedom, democracy, independence and cooperation, the Republic was most deeply concerned that there was no guarantee of international observation between the signing of the agreement and the transfer of sovereignty; that there was no provision for the representation of the Republic in the interim government, and that there was no mention of the Republic by name in any of the twelve principles. Aware of the limitations inherent in a Committee of Good Offices, and in the desperate circumstances of the probable breakdown of negotiations, the Committee decided to make still another new approach to the parties. The Committee suggested for the informal consideration of the parties six additional political principles in addition to the twelve. Pending consideration of the six principles by both parties, the Republic was pondering the acceptance or rejection of the status quo military line and the democratic political principles in which were missing several guarantees of deep concern to the Republic. It soon appeared that the content of the six additional principles, if accepted by the Netherlands, would be decisive as to acceptance by the Republic of the combined plans as, in effect-though not formally-an integrated and balanced whole. In the six principles were the three things of deep concern to the Republic; specific references to the Republic of Indonesia by name as one of the States in the United States of Indonesia, fair representation of all states in the interim government, and, if either party requested, the guarantee of international observation in the period between the signing of the political agreement and the transfer of the recognized historical sovereignty of the Netherlands to the United States of Indonesia. In addition were two new political principles. One of these provisions was that not sooner than six months and not later than one year after the signing of the agreement, plebiscites would be held under international observation for the self-determination of the people of the various territories of Java, Sumatra and Madura as to whether they would form a part of the Republic of Indonesia or another State of the United States of Indonesia. The other basically democratic provision was that the representation in the Constitutional Convention would be in proportion to population which should mean that the new United States of Indonesia would not only be free and independent but would also be democratic in structure, leadership, function and services of, for and by the people of Indonesia. To accept would transfer the struggle from a military demarcation line, which would soon disappear, to a democratic political line which would endure. The underground struggle of bitterness and hatred, killings and destruction, would be brought above ground for good will, production, the possible conversion of military budgets for long range constructive programs of education, health, and welfare of all the people of Indonesia. Acceptance would mean the cooperation of the Netherlands, the Republicans and the non-Republicans in the formation of the sovereign, free and independent United States of Indonesia in the union of equal nations in the United Nations. In consideration of these things, the Netherlands and the Republic accepted unconditionally the truce, the twelve principles and the six. Members of the Committee expressed their personal faith to the representatives of the Netherlands that the Republic would, with increasing effectiveness, keep the truce in good faith and good will, and furthermore, that a considerable proportion of the able and dedicated Indonesian leaders were in the Republic. They also expressed to representatives of the Republic their personal faith that the sovereignty of the Netherlands in the interim period would not be used to fix in the new clothes of freedom the old body of colonialism, but rather that the Netherlands would act in good faith, and that the Republic would not lose its existing status as one of the two parties in the Indonesian question on the agenda of the Security Council of the United Nations, and that the Security Council through the Committee of Good Offices would be available to assist the parties to the present agreement in reaching an early long-term settlement. Members of the Committee advised both parties to subordinate all claims and issues which would soon disappear or be absorbed in the permanent settlement to the three main objectives of keeping the truce, restoring economic production and trade through mutual cooperation, and, not the least important of all, the negotiation of the political settlement. The many and complex difficulties of the truce, the need for sincere and patient care and follow through, the high stakes of mutual cooperation in keeping the truce, all these challenged the leaders, the armies and the people to do their persistent best, with good faith and good will, and to send the word everywhere that peace has come and that it is now the patriot's duty to keep the peace and make secure the life and property of all people. The whole world is looking on to encourage and sustain the leaders, who carry by day and by night this heavy responsibility for themselves and the people whom they now lead as hopefully in peace as they formerly led bravely in battle. 154. RESOLUTION BY THE SECURITY COUNCIL ON THE INDONESIAN QUESTION, JANUARY 28, 1949 1 The Security Council, RECALLING its resolutions of 1 August 1947, 25 August 1947, and 1 November 1947, with respect to the Indonesian Question: TAKING NOTE with approval of the Reports submitted to the Security Council by its Committee of Good Offices for Indonesia; CONSIDERING that its resolutions of 24 December 1948 and 28 December 1948 have not been fully carried out; CONSIDERING that continued occupation of the territory of the Republic of Indonesia by the armed forces of the Netherlands is incompatible with the restoration of good relations between the parties and with the final achievement of a just and lasting settlement of the Indonesian dispute; CONSIDERING that the establishment and maintenance of law and order throughout Indonesia is a necessary condition to the achievement of the expressed objectives and desires of both parties; NOTING with satisfaction that the parties continue to adhere to the principles of the Renville Agreement and agree that free and democratic elections should be held throughout Indonesia for the purpose 'Department of State Bulletin of February 27, 1949, pp. 250-251. UN Doc. S/1234, January 28, 1949. |