Bank of England notes are freely cashed at all the Roman banks, and even at a premium. For the current expenses of the journey, Napoleons will prove the most convenient, and the most acceptable tender in coin; the superior value of our gold coin, the sovereign, is not always understood, and objections are often made to recognize it as value for more than 20 francs. The coinage of Rome is regulated according to the decimal system. The bajocco is a copper coin of a lesser value than our halfpenny; the paul is a small silver coin worth 10 bajocci; and 10 pauls make a scudo, or Roman crown, value about 4s. 2d. of our money. Most of the monetary and mercantile transactions of Rome are negociated in scudi. The Romans have a gold coin of 5 scudi value; and one, value for 10 scudi. Much French and Spanish silver coinage is also in circulation there.

TIME.

The mode of counting time, or the hour of the day, differs very materially from our system. They count the twenty-four hours of the day all through, commencing at sunset, and terminating at the next day's sunset; and as sunset varies every day, so mid-day and midnight occur at a different hour every day. Thus in December midday occurs at 19 o'clock, and in June at 16 o'clock. Strangers usually adhere to their own system.

POST OFFICE.

Letters, if so directed, are delivered at private residences, or hotels, otherwise they may be had on calling for them at the "posta restante". In order to obtain a registered letter, it is necessary to present your passport, as a proof of identity. A small charge is made on the delivery of all newspapers, even though they be post-paid in these countries.

Passports were required on entering the Papal states, which might be had from the Roman consulate in all large cities, on payment of a small fee. Those visitors who desired to sojourn in Rome, were required to have a carta di soggiorno", which might be obtained on application at the police office, Piazza di Monte Citorio.

CUSTOM HOUSE.

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Passengers' luggage is subjected to examination on passing the frontiers, and the scrutiny is sometimes very exact, and any attempt to conceal goods subject to duty may eventuate in much inconvenience.

HOTELS.

Hotels are numerous in Rome, and accommodated to persons of every circumstance and social position, and the charges are not immoderate. Amongst the many hotels in Rome are the Hotel des Londres, Hotel des Isles Britaniques, Hotel de Russie, Hotel Europa, Piazza di Spagna, Hotel de l'Angleterre, Via Bocca di Leone, Hotel Cæsaris, Piazza di Pietra, Hotel de Paris, La Gran Bretagne, the Hotel della Minerva, Hotel Spillman, Hotel d'Allemagne, Hotel Americano, Via Babuino; the earlier ones I have mentioned in this order are hotels of the first class; the latter are more accommodated to those whose circumstances are not very affluent. Carriages for excursionists are supplied by the proprietors of many of the hotels. Strangers may, in many instances, lodge at the hotel, and board elsewhere. A table d'hote is established at some of the hotels, and is supplied with excellent fare, and at a moderate charge, and frequented by agreeable society from every nation.

Lodgings may be had in every part of the city; but the situations most desirable, and salubrious, and most frequented are the Piazza di Spagna, the Corso, Piazza Barberini, Via Babuino, Via Condotti, and the neighbourhood of Trinita di Monte, and of the college of the Propaganda, and Quattro Fontane, Via Sistina, Via Gregoriana, Via Felice, and the streets and localities surrounding those places. The prices for lodgings vary so very much, according to the number of apartments, furnishing, appointments, service, season and demand, aspect and situation, that no general rule can be given as a scale to fix the prices. The writer of this volume, and his fellow traveller, paid for three respectably furnished apartments in the Piazza Barberini, 14 scudi a month, including service, but exclusive of fire and light. The winter is short, but the cold is very severe. The difference of temperature in shade and sunshine, during a portion of the year, is extreme, and in different rooms amounts to a total change of climate. Hence, in selecting rooms, especially in winter. and spring, those should be chosen in which the windows command a southern aspect, and sunshine. In summer the heat is intense, and blinds should be kept closely drawn till evening, when all windows should be opened, and rooms well ventilated. On entering into an engagement for lodgings, it will prove prudential to have two copies of the conditions of the contract drawn out in writing, one for each party, and signed both by tenant and landlord.

CAFES AND TRATTORIE.

Cafes and Trattorie, or dining rooms, are much frequented, and breakfast and dinner may be had there a la carte" at any hour, and at very reasonable charges.

VISITORS TO THE VATICAN.

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Those who desire it, either for themselves or for parties they may invite, can have dinners supplied from the Trattorie in their private lodgings. The viands are conveyed in tinned baskets, and will be found excellent, hot, and well served. The principal Trattorie are the Polidoro, in the Corso, the Lepre, in the Via Condotti, the Falcone, near the Pantheon, and the Scalinata, in the Piazza di Spagna, the Armillino in Piazza Sciarra.

The chief cafes are the Greco, in the Via Condotti, the Nazari, in the Piazza di Spagna, the Nuovo, in Palazzo Ruspoli, Cafe della Costenza, Via Condotti, Cafe Bagnoli alle Convertite, in Corso, and the Veneziano. The Italian word to signity you want the "waiter" at a cafe, is "cameriere". The Romans usually breakfast on a bun, which may be had for a halfpenny, and a cup of coffee, which costs one penny.

VITTURE OR HACKNEY CARRIAGES.

Those carriages, covered, hooded, or open, usually drawn by two horses, may be had in all the leading streets, and at fares sanctioned by the police authorities. In some hotels they are supplied by the proprietors. Omnibusses ply between the great centres of the city, and more distant places of peculiar interest, and are much frequented. Ciceroni, or guides, are easily found, and are ever ready to enter into an engagement.

AUDIENCES OF THE HOLY FATHER.

Audiences of the Pope may be obtained on presenting proper introductions, and on application to the chamberlains.

Within a convenient time afterwards, notification of the day and hour at which the visitor is to appear at the Vatican is conveyed to his residence. Etiquette prescribes that the visitor appear in full dress, and that he

make three genuflections before approaching, and then on his knees that he kiss the Pope's foot, and on retiring, etiquette forbids him to turn his back on his Holiness. Italian is the language spoken, and if he cannot speak that language, the visitor must be accompanied by an approved interpreter.

FULL DRESS OF THE ROMAN COURT.

Full dress for a priest consists in a black cloth soutane, and "fariolo", or black cassimer mantle, black silk stockings, shoes, and silver buckles. Religious wear the habits of their respective orders. Full dress for a civilian gentleman, is a black dress coat and trousers, white neck tie, black silk stockings, and light shoes. Military and naval men wear the full regimental costume of their rank, and of the corps to which they are attached. Full dress for ladies in the Roman court consists of a black silk high dress, without bonnets, lappets, diamonds, or feathers, but wearing a black silk lace veil, either falling over the head, and enveloping the entire figure, or suspended from the hair, and falling behind. Court etiquette forbids gentlemen wearing gloves in the Pope's presence.

PLACES OF AMUSEMENT.

There are several theatres and halls for public amusements, and for musical concerts. All the performances were subjected to the censorship of the ecclesiastical authorities. The carnival is celebrated with great eclat at Rome for ten days before Lent, excepting Sundays and Fridays. During the month of October, which is the great holiday of the Romans, they enjoy open air sports of all descriptions, horse racing, balloon ascents, fire works, athletic exercises, and decorated in costumes dyed in every variety of brilliant tint, they amuse them selves in driving