who polled against us crying out to us that their hearts were with us, but they dared not. The starting two, inflamed and combined our adversaries, and made the two parties (Corporation and Tories), with a large secession from the Whigs, unite against us. The miracle is our having made such a fight; and they look gloomy on their own victory, because they know to what they owe it.

"You can have no idea of the nature of a Liverpool election; it is quite peculiar to the place. You have every night to go to the different clubs, benefit societies, &c., which meet and speechify. This is from half-past six to one in the morning at least; and you have to speak to each man who polls, at the bar, from ten to five. It lasted eight days. I began my canvass three whole days before, and had nine nights of the clubs, besides a regular speech each day at close of the poll. I delivered in that time 160 speeches and odd; and yesterday and to-day, after being beaten, I rallied, and delivered regular speeches to the whole multitude. I had to close with one above an hour long, so you may guess how exhausted I am, especially as I never saw a popular election before, and knew nothing of it.

"The exploits of the Whigs were my chief subjects, and I flatter myself I have done much to reclaim the people there. Yesterday I preached on Pitt's conduct and immorality, which was prodigiously well received and to-day I concluded with a long profession of adherence to Fox and his friends, with reasons, &c., which was far better taken than I had expected by the people; indeed, perfectly well received, and most extremely well by the upper classes. These two things,

being, of course, the only things I took any pains with, will be put in the paper, and you'll see them. As to any proceeding of a more violent nature, our party had so much the possession of the town, after the first day, that there was no facing us; some scuffles occurred afterwards, but except a throwing of stones (in which young Roscoe and I had narrow escapes), we never were in any danger: some few accidents happened, two or three men being killed, and others severely cut and wounded, but all who knew Liverpool formerly say nothing was ever seen so quiet at an election there. The enemy had a disposition to row me personally, and set a broken slave captain on me, who acted at Canning's bar, but he found it would not do, and retreated. A man of more respectable description was also set on me, and in consequence of my treating him loudly on the hustings, sent me a letter which reached me just as I was beginning my speech; but having a friend who had joined me here for the purpose, I sent him to say I did not seek a quarrel, but I had not the least wish to avoid one, which produced an ample written apology. These things are, of course, between ourselves, especially the last, as the man is in the Customs, and I should not wish to injure him, believing him to have been set on.

"So now you have as accurate an idea of the humours of the election as if you had seen them, and at a small cost. The zeal of our friends is inconceivable, and in some cases melancholy; one has been in confinement, having actually gone mad; several others have ruined themselves; and they have already formed a committee, &c., for bringing me in next vacancy, but we expect no opposition.

"In the mean time I am fairly out of Parliament, which is rather absurd after all that has happened. Calcraft has never written a line to me, which is odd; but he probably reckoned on my coming in here. I am far more concerned for Romilly, and of course you must be annoyed about Tierney. You should write to Lord Thanet, for he seems to have a place kept open; at least so my brother tells me, who conducted it for him at Appleby, and was chaired for old Courtney, who, he says, is only a stop - gap. Lord Thanet, I know, is favourably disposed towards Tierney, and likes him.

"As for William Lamb and Horner, I regret it not; the former does not do much good, and the latter has no chance of living unless he is kept perfectly quiet. This I am sure of, having had him with me nearly a week before I came here, and observed his illness.

"For myself, I can, now that I am out, seriously say, what I wrote to you before it happened, and when my chance was not so bad, that it does not grieve me very much. Don't you think I received in one hour sufficiently bad news-Romilly's losing Bristol, my own loss of Wareham, my failure at Liverpool, and the final rupture with America? I assure you, speaking under such circumstances was no pleasant concern. Excuse all these personal details; but I know how great an interest you take in me.-Ever most faithfully yours, H. BROUGHAM."

Although, as I said to Lord Grey, I did not much grieve at the Liverpool defeat, I could not but feel that I had been entirely sacrificed to Roscoe's absurd obstinacy in attempting to carry two members, when

he well knew that the only time the party had ever succeeded in this was when he himself sat for a few months under the Grenville Government, and that he had never ventured to stand again after that Government was turned out the next session. The result of the Liverpool people following his most silly advice was, that I was kept out of Parliament three sessions, when, an accident having put a seat at Lord Darlington's disposal, I was returned for Winchelsea in his interest, and this seat I held for fourteen years, and then sat in the Duke of Devonshire's interest for Knaresborough until I was returned on my own interest for Yorkshire.

VOL. II.

E

66

CHAPTER XI.

Home and Foreign Politics.

CORRESPONDENCE ON FOREIGN RELATIONS-AMERICA AND SPAIN -TRIAL OF THE HUNTS-THE LUDDITES- TRIAL AT YORKAN ACCIDENT-THE PENINSULAR WAR-THE GREAT BATTLES ON THE ELBE-HOME POLITICS IMPRESSMENT-THE CONTINENT -BERNADOTTE'S DESIGNS-HOLLAND-HOGENDORP-MADAME DE STAËL-LADY HOLLAND-THE ALLIED ARMIES ACROSS THE RHINE-HOME POLITICS-LORD COCHRANE, BURDETT, AND DOG DENT-PERRY OF THE 'MORNING CHRONICLE'-THE CONTINENT-OCCUPATION OF PARIS BY THE ALLIES-CONGRESS OF VIENNA-NAPOLEON-THE FRENCH, AND THEIR OBLIVION OF HIM-POSSIBLE FATE OF HIS SUCCESSOR-VISIT TO PARIS-TRAVELLING COMPARED WITH LATER VISITS TO CANNES - WELLINGTON-THE INSTITUTE-LA PLACE-A CONFERENCE WITH CARNOT ANECDOTES OF THE REVOLUTION AND THE EMPIRE.

GREY had always a less favourable opinion of the Americans than Baring, who was far from being too favourable to them. In the first letter he wrote after the Liverpool election was over he thus expressed himself:

FROM EARL GREY.

"HOWICK, October 20, 1812. "MY DEAR BROUGHAM,-I last night received your letter of Friday last. I was by the previous accounts prepared to expect the event which it announces, but