they have held a number of conferences. There has been great difficulty about it. The ITU does provide a means of protecting at least our minimal interest there. We have used the ITU as a means of bringing forcibly to the world the Russian jamming of the Voice of America. But we have been unsuccessful through ITU to stop the jamming. I will say that it has been very successful in the field of air ways communications in allocating frequencies there.

I want to emphasize that it is not an entirely negative picture, even though we have been unsuccessful in one field. In the commercial field, and airways broadcasting, they have been able to reach agreement. They keep the frequencies current; they maintain a call list, distress signal facilities by which the aircraft or ship that gets in distress may have its messages relayed and responded to. The organization does useful work even though it is not successful in the one field with which we are all concerned.

Senator MCCARRAN. We are coming to the end of the United Nations organizations. I think I will pause here. The committee will stand in recess until 2 o'clock tomorrow afternoon.

(At 3:50 p. m. Thursday, June 14, 1951, a recess was taken until 2 p. m. Friday, June 15, 1951.)

DEPARTMENTS OF STATE, JUSTICE, COMMERCE, AND THE

JUDICIARY APPROPRIATIONS FOR 1952

FRIDAY, JUNE 15, 1951

SUBCOMMITTEE OF THE

COMMITTEE ON APPROPRIATIONS,

UNITED STATES SENATE,

Washington, D. C.

The subcommittee met at 2 p. m., pursuant to recess, in room F-82, the Capitol, Hon. Pat McCarran (chairman of the subcommittee) presiding.

Present: Senators McCarran and Green.

STATE DEPARTMENT

CONTRIBUTIONS TO INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

STATEMENTS OF JOHN D. HICKERSON, ASSISTANT SECRETARY; WILLIAM O. HALL, DIRECTOR, OFFICE OF INTERNATIONAL ADMINISTRATION AND CONFERENCES; CARLISLE HUMELSINE, DEPUTY UNDER SECRETARY; MAX McCULLOGH, DIRECTOR, UNESCO RELATIONS STAFF; DR. F. L. BRADY, CHIEF INTERNATIONAL DIVISION, UNITED STATES PUBLIC HEALTH SERVICE, AND EDWARD B. WILBER, BUDGET OFFICER

OFFICE OF THE UNITED STATES ADVISOR ON UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION AFFAIRS

Senator MCCARRAN. The committee will come to order.

We will return to UNESCO, if you please, Mr. Hall.

Mr. HALL. Mr. Chairman, Mr. McCullough, the head of UNESCO Relations Staff, is with me. He has a brief statement of some of the specific accomplishments of UNESCO, some of the projects that they are carrying on which he can place in the record or read.

Then we will be glad to answer any questions the committee may have.

Senator MCCARRAN. What position do you occupy?

Mr. MCCULLOUGH. I am with the Department of State as the director of the UNESCO relations staff.

Senator MCCARRAN. What have you got to say?

Mr. MCCULLOUGH. Mr. Chairman, I should like, if it is agreeable with you, to set out six projects which UNESCO has undertaken which the committee might be interested in. If additional detail is needed on any of them, I should be happy to try to supply that.

SOURCE OF INFORMATION OF WITNESS

Senator MCCARRAN. What I want to know is what you know about this.

Mr. McCULLOUGH. UNESCO?

Senator MCCARRAN. Yes. What do you know about them, yourself? Are you reading what somebody else prepared?

Mr. McCULLOUGH. I prepared this, Mr. Chairman.

Senator MCCARRAN. Where do you get the information upon which you prepared it; from your own knowledge?

Mr. McCULLOUGH. From a number of sources, sir? one from attendance at the general conferences of UNESCO, which is the governing body, as you know. From the meetings with groups of experts in the United States who have been engaged in assisting UNESCO in carrying out its program, and from reading the documents about the activities which I have not personally seen.

PARTICIPATION OF UNESCO IN SCHOOL PROGRAM

Senator MCCARRAN. How many schools have they?

Mr. MCCULLOUGH. Mr. Chairman, UNESCO agrees with the people in this country on the matter that it is the primary obligation of each country to educate its own citizens and, therefore, UNESCO does not itself operate an extensive series of schools.

Instead, it assists the member states to establish schools that they wish to establish, provides technical assistance and know-how, which is drawn from the more advanced states, and it sends educational teams into those countries at their request to make studies of their needs and then, if required, they send in specialists to help them set up particular courses.

There are, however, some schools in which UNESCO participates. Notably there are some 90 schools in the Near East for Arab refugees. Those schools are not operated by UNESCO, but by the four countries.

WORK OF VARIOUS GROUPS

Senator MCCARRAN. You are getting away from UNESCO now. I want to deal with the appropriation of $8,000,000 in regard to UNESCO.

Please tell me what they do under these various groups.

You have "The annual conference," "Travel and subsistence," "The temporary staff," "Local transportation," "Supplies and materials," "Contractual Printing," "Premises and equipment," and "All other services."

That is group 1, $240,000.

Tell me what they do from the standpoint of education, scientific and cultural activity.

Mr. HALL. Mr. Chairman, we have a breakdown of the total budget, which is based on the programs. The one referred to yesterday was the one broken down by objects of expenditures.

I think we might be able to proceed on the basis of this. Perhaps Mr. McCullough could be more specific than if he proceeded on an object breakdown.

THE GENERAL CONFERENCE

Mr. McCULLOUGH. The General Conference is the governing body.. This item pays for one meeting a year to which the member states send delegates for the purpose of reviewing the program and the budget of the Organization and establishing its policies.

The Executive Board is composed of representatives of eighteen countries. They meet four or five times a year in Paris, the seat of the Organization, and the $43,000 item is to defray that cost.

AMOUNT EXPENDED FOR TRAVEL AND PER DIEM

Senator MCCARRAN. How do you spend the $43,000-$43,333? Mr. McCULLOUGH. That is spent entirely on the travel and per diem for the members of the executive Board for the purpose of attending those meetings.

EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ACHIEVEMENTS

Senator MCCARRAN. "Direct personal costs, part I," $2,794. What is done educationally, scientifically, or culturally under that? Mr. MCCULLOUGH. That is for payment of salaries, Mr. Chairman, for a staff that is provided at the time of the regular Board meetings. Senator MCCARRAN. Let us go into the general administration. Is your paper work broken down?

"Part 2, Office of Director General," $134,326. What is done from the standpoint of education, science, or culture under that item?

Mr. McCULLOUGH. That item is for the personnel giving general direction to the program of UNESCO: The Director General, Dr. Torres-Bodet; the Deputy Director General, John Taylor; and the staff immediately around them, and the other costs of operating that office which gives over-all direction to the program.

Senator MCCARRAN. Do you like that answer?

Mr. McCULLOUGH. I would be glad to modify that answer if you will permit me to do so.

Senator MCCARRAN. You may modify it or expand it just as you. like.

Mr. McCULLOUGH. The Director General has initiated a great many of the projects which the organization itself has undertaken; particularly, he has had a large amount of responsibility personally for developing the fundamental-education program and the exchangeof-persons program, and the development of educational missions which are sent on request to member states.

Obviously, he does not perform all of the services to bring those programs into being, but I should be glad to comment on some of the things that are accomplished through those programs, if you would like.

Senator MCCARRAN. What is accomplished from the standpoint of the object of the act that is being appropriated for here?

Educational, scientific, and cultural activity-what is being accomplished with $134,326? Will you tell me that? I am going to have to tell the Senate that on the floor. I want you to tell me.

These same questions are propounded on the floor. All I want is information.