Mr. RIMANOCZY. This is an inventory of the wealth of every nation in the world. It deals with the land area in square miles, the population total, the labor force total. Then come the financial aspects, which have a great deal to do with the productivity, such as exchange rate, volume of trade, cost of government, and public debt.

When we get to the important part, we find physical assets, devoted to production, which is the measurement of capacity to wage and sustain war.

We start in the east.

Russia has $29,000,000,000 of assets in Asia.

Then we come down to eastern Europe. Including the German zone, they have 110 billion in eastern Europe. That is a total of $140,000,000,000, which is the maximum that Russia could command. The world total is $812,000,000,000.

If that is two parts, then there is something wrong in my arithmetic. There is no possibility of Russia having any military success under this plan, unless we let her grow and grow and grow, and that is what we have been doing.

As I said, time is definitely not on our side of this thing, and I see nothing to lose by prompt action and everything to lose by no action. Mr. CHIPERFIELD (presiding). Thank you very much for your constructive statement.

I have but one question.

Did you make a statement in substance that we have not taken a single step since the fighting stopped for peace?

Mr. RIMANOCZY. A single important step.

Mr. CHIPERFIELD. In that case, many Members of Congress are under a grave misapprehension, because I think we have taken a number of steps.

Mr. Jonkman.

Mr. JONKMAN. I have been very much interested in your statement, sir.

I have no questions.

Mr. CHIPERFIELD. Mrs. Bolton?

Mrs. BOLTON. Thank you for your very interesting statement.

I wanted to ask you about what I understood you to say on the matter of Russia.

Did I understand correctly that you suggested that she would stay behind her curtain if she separated herself from us?

Mr. RIMANOCZY. I do not think Russia is going to stay out. Assuming that this plan went into effect, I do not think she would stay out. Her people are more war weary than ourselves and more war weary than most others.

The Russian peasant has but three things he wants-land, bread, and peace. That was the slogan of the Bolshevik revolution. As a matter of fact, the people of Russia are not stupid, but their judgment can be no better than their information. And we have been behaving in a manner that can be construed as being hostile to Russia. Now, if we step up and ask Russia to marry us, if Russia refuses she is taking the action to excommunicate herself. We are not excommunicating Russia. She is taking the action which results in her leaving.

Mrs. BOLTON. Yes; but the Russian people themselves can hardly be said to have much voice in what the Kremlin does, and the Kremlin

has acquired a good many people who are not peasants in these contiguous territories, and the original voice of the Kremlin or of the Communists said very forcibly that it was their purpose and intention to control the entire world, regardless of what had to be destroyed in the process.

Do you think they have given up that intention?

Mr. RIMANOCZY. I think there is quite a substantial force within the Communist Party that has. All I know is what people coming from there tell me.

Mrs. BOLTON. What kind of people?

Mr. RIMANOCZY. Newspaper men, travelers, and students of international political science.

There is a pretty substantial peace party within the Communist group in power there, and I do not think that any nation that has to keep perhaps as much as 10 percent of its people in concentration camps could be called a single-minded nation.

Mrs. BOLTON. I do not say Russia is a single-minded nation. I simply express the understanding most people have of the situation there, that there is complete control by the state.

Mr. RIMANOCZY. That is very true. I think the average American, for example, thinks that all Russians are robots. I think most Americans believe that the Russian people are under absolute domination. However, they have to be cajoled and fooled and propagandized just as much as any other people do.

Mrs. BOLTON. To a degree, but if they go beyond a certain point

Mr. RIMANOCZY. Then they go into the concentration camps. However, I think every effort has been made to control them through misinformation rather than through force. I mean, that is just the nattural thing to do.

Mrs. BOLTON. I do not believe you quite understand what I mean by my question:

Has the dominant communistic force in Russia, that absolutely controls the contiguous countries have you any feeling that they are going to abandon the original Communist doctrine of world control? Mr. RIMANOCZY. I think they might; yes.

Mrs. BOLTON. You are an optimist. I am happy to find someone who feels that way.

Mr. RIMANOCZY. If they are faced with a situation like this; that is what I am talking about, they would not do it unless they were faced with a grim alternative.

Mrs. BOLTON. Of course Communists are past masters at changing and shifting their methods. The fact that they lost the election in Italy sets them back temporarily only, but the idea that they have abandoned the idea of taking over Italy at some future date is probably wrong, is it not?

Mr. RIMANOCZY. I believe their plan has been to take over as much as they can get by with and then recede as much as they have to. However, they always have a concession to make, because they are always doing something wrong, which is very handy.

If they are faced with an overwhelming opposition of peace-loving nations, I think there is a substantial element in Russia that will say, "All right; the jig is up.

Mrs. BOLTON. You will remember, of course, that Mr. Litvinov was very much inclined toward the western thinking. He lost out to Mr. Molotov.

Is that not the tendency in the Government? If they do not agree with this controlling policy, they do not go very far, do they? Mr. RIMANOCZY. That is right.

The world-conquest pattern is not a pattern of the Russian people. I think it is necessary to distinguish what the objectives of the Russian people are.

Mrs. BOLTON. It seems to me you are basing your argument on the idea that the Russian people may win out and the Russian Communists will lose.

That would be the salvation of a great many situations.

Mr. RIMANOCZY. I believe this would exert great influence in Russia right now.

Mrs. BOLTON. How would they ever know anything about it?
Mr. RIMANOCZY. The boys at the top know.

Mrs. BOLTON. That is not the Russian people, which you are talking about as being those who will save the situation.

Mr. RIMANOCZY. As I indicated, it is my opinion that that viewpoint which has been referred to as the peace party, within the Russian Government, does represent that attitude. It does represent the feelings of the great masses of the people.

Mrs. BOLTON. Do you believe within the 14 Politbureau people there are those who represent a peace party?

Mr. RIMANOCZY. I believe there is some representation there. I do not think there is much said about it. That is the point. This would give those people a lever to work with in their own country.

Mrs. BOLTON. There is no question but what the Russian people are a deeply mystically religious people and have been for a great many centuries. However, they are in the grip of a completely irreligious and completely ruthless group.

If you look forward to the moment when this group will lose its hold, I join you, but I do not feel that is going to happen in the very near future.

I am deeply interested in your feeling that there is a growing possibility the people of Russia will once again have a voice in their own lives.

Thank you very much.

Mr. JONKMAN. Would the lady yield to me?

Mrs. BOLTON. Yes, indeed.

Mr. JONKMAN. Mr. Rimanoczy, you used two figures of speech which intrigued me very much. One was the difference between two parts and two halves.

You intrigued me also on the testimony of the Federalists.

In the United Nations Organization, those who are not in are clamoring to get in from both sides. What proportion of them do you think would join a movement such as you propose?

Mr. RIMANOCZY. Within the United Nations, did you say?

Mr. JONKMAN. Within the nations of the world.

You cannot use the United Nations, now.

Mr. RIMANOCZY. I certainly would use the United Nations. It would simply be a club within a club. There is nothing against having another organization within the one organization.

Mr. JONKMAN. Unless you had a substantial portion of them, would you still not be faced with the same conditions that are now facing us? Mr. RIMANOCZY. I think you would get every country outside of the Russian orbit.

Mr. JONKMAN. I am afraid you are optimistic there, too.

You indicated that Russia could hinder the marriage and we would have to do something.

If a young couple are engaged and are keeping company and cannot get along together and are fighting all the time, do you think they would improve the situation any by making an additional contract?

Mr. RIMANOCZY. I will not follow my analogy down that road. I do not think it will stand up.

Mr. JONKMAN. Do you not think we would be pursuing a somewhat similar course if we entered into a federation of nations or binding agreements such as you have as the only thing we can use against aggression?

Mr. RIMANOCZY. I would say we have not even been keeping company with Russia, and now we are proposing marriage right off the bat. I do not believe the postwar interim which you suggest could be called keeping company.

Mr. JONKMAN. Do you mean the present relations?

Mr. RIMANOCZY. They are not what I would call keeping company. Mr. JONKMAN. In other words, you are willing to go even further than that and have a pig in a poke?

Mr. RIMANOCZY. Yes; I am willing to go the full way.

Mr. CHIPERFIELD. Dr. Judd.

Mr. JUDD. On the question Mrs. Bolton was discussing, wasn't the reason that Mr. Litvinov was cashiered, the fact that his policies of cooperation did not get the support of the western powers? The Kremlin backed him until England and France would not go along with him against Hitler's aggression. It then removed him.

Therefore, the only hope for getting Russia to a place where the people can have a larger share in the Government, is when the Politbureau cannot continue to pull rabbits out of the hat. When it runs up against force which it cannot conquer, and it knows in advance it cannot conquer, and when it cannot contiue by spectacular successes to prove its complete omiscience and superlative skill in handling Russia's affairs, then the feeling against it will grow.

Mr. RIMANOCZY. They have a basket of trained snakes, and they let them out in the morning, and at night they take them in. They keep the people in an uproar that way.

Stalin has promised that after this emergency is over, they are going to settle down to land, peace, and bread. They cannot extend that promise indefinitely.

If an international situation is created and publicized to the best of our ability to publicize it in Russia, they are not going to be able to set up these straw men. There will not be any straw men to set up. Mr. JUDD. You are in favor of House Concurrent Resolution 163? Mr. RIMANOCZY. I am.