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keen questioning, such a demand for action, and such widespread endorsement of the solution as covered by your Resolution 168. Nearly always the critics were those who had not read or carefully analyzed the plan. The citizens of Middletown got behind the solution in all walks of life. They supported the Middletown Citizen's Committee with their own funds and volunteers of the committee made over 300 speeches in nearby parts of the country.

Reader's Digest picked up our story. From letters from their article on the Middletown movement we obtained a mailing list in the thousands. Our first publication, Crossroads Middletown, was

sent to 25,000 people.

Soon we were so busy on the Middletown movement that all of our jobs suffered. Our chairman at that time, George V. Hook, took a year's leave of absence from his work so that he could guide the movement properly. All of Middletown cooperated in every way.

Our committee organized town meetings all over Ohio and Kentucky. We made speeches whenever possible. We accepted many requests for radio appearances.

And, strangely enough, we found that wherever we went we found the same conditions. People were worried, scared. They were afraid of another war and of atom bombs. When they heard our plan they were usually just lukewarm to it. But when they would argue about its provisions they would become convinced of its soundness, effectiveness, and practicability. Everywhere we went we gathered more and more support.

Organizations of all types became interested, then enthusiastic, then eager to become a part of this movement.

Today 53 local organizations in Middletown, Ohio, have adopted the plan. They have convinced their State and national affiliations to adopt this plan as part of their foreign relations or international program.

I will not stop to read the names of all those 53 organizations but you will find a list attached to your copy of this statement. You will see that they constitute a true cross section of American community life.

Chairman EATON. The list referred to will appear in the record at this point.

(The list referred to is as follows:)

ORGANIZATIONS THAT HAVE ENDORSED A STRENGTHENED UN THROUGH THE PRINCIPLES OF THE QUOTA FORCE PLAN (A B C PLAN)

LOCAL (MIDDLETOWN, OHIO)

1. Altrusa Club-Hamilton, Ohio

2. Alturian Club

3. American Citizens Club

4. American Hellenic Educational and Progressive Association

5. American Legion Post 218

6. Ancient Order of Hibernians

7. Blythe-Williams American Legion Post

8. Business and Professional Women's Club

9. Chamber of Commerce

10. City Commission

11. Civic Association

12. Civitan Club

13. Congress of Industrial Organizations, Middletown Chapter 14. Co-Operative Club

15. Council of Churches

16. Current Events Club

17. Fabricating Foremen's Club-Armco

18. Federation of Women's Clubs

19. Independent Unions

20. Industrial Council

21. Insurance Underwriters Association

22. International Lyceum Association 23. Junior Board of Trade

24. Junior Chamber of Commerce 25. Junta Club

26. Kiwanis Club

27. Lincoln Community Center

28. Lions Club

29. Lions Club of Cambridge, Ohio

30. Ministerial Association

31. N. A. L. C. Branch No. 188 (Postal Employees)

32. New Hope Baptist Church

33. Poasttown Grange

34. Real Estate Board

35. Red Cross

36. Retail Merchants Association

37. Rotary Club

38. Round Table

39. Spanish American War Veterans

40. St. John Lutheran Church Brotherhood

41. Sulphite Paper Workers Unions (AFL)

42. Talk of the Month Club

43. Trades & Labor Council (AFL)

44. Veterans of Foreign Wars, Miami Valley Post 45. Veterans of Foreign Wars, Hunter Clark Post 46. Armco Employees Independent Union

47. Greenfield Ohio Rotary Club

48. Blanchester Ohio Rotary Club

49. Middletown Teachers Association

50. N. A. A. C. P.-Middletown Chapter 51. Women's Club

52. Young Businessmen's Club

53. Homemakers' Club-Middletown, Ohio

STATE (OHIO)

1. Fourth district of the Ohio Department of the American Legion.

2. Ohio district, AHEPA.

3. Eleventh district of the Ohio Department of the American Legion.

4. One hundred fifty-ninth district of Rotary Clubs (38 counties of southern Ohio).

5. Tenth district of the Ohio Department of the American Legion.

6. The Ohio State Federation of Labor (AFL).

7. The Kentucky State Federation of Labor (AFL).

8. The Ohio Department of the American Legion.

9. The Kansas Department of the American Legion.

10. Ohio State Ancient Order of Hibernians.

11. Butler County Bar Association.

12. Clergy of the diocese of southern Ohio.

13. American War Mothers, State of Ohio.

14. Butler County Democratic Executive Committee.

15. Executive board, Federation of Women's Clubs of Ohio. 16. Butler County Pomona Grange.

17. Ohio State Legislature.

18. Kiwanis.

NATIONAL

1. The National Order of AHEPA.

2. National Association of Fire Fighters (AFL). 3. The American Legion.

4. National Association of Foremen.

Notes of interest

The Middletown Citizens Committee has 1,600 names on its active mailing list. We have had correspondence with communities in all 48 States, over 450 cities and 18 foreign countries which include: Austria, Argentina, Australia, Belgium, Canada, Cuba, Denmark, France, Venezuela, England, Germany, Hawaii, Holland, Italy, Mexico, New Zealand, Panama, South Africa.

Members of the speakers' bureau of the Middletown Citizens Committee have made approximately 300 speeches.

Mr. EMERSON. From the community the resolutions approving this solution spread to county and State organizations. Eighteen of these in Ohio and Kentucky are listed.

Through these organizations, interest in the plan and approval of it went on to the national level in the case of the American Legion, the National Order of AHEPA-American Hellenic Educational Progressive Association-the National Association of Fire Fighters, and the National Association of Foremen.

The Middletown Citizen's Committee corresponds with 1,600 people in communities in all of the 48 States. We are doing all we can to help these people organize town meetings in their communities.

Our committee corresponds with individuals in 18 different foreign countries such as Austria, Argentina, Belgium, Germany, Italy, France, New Zealand, Mexico, and so forth. All these people indicate that their prayers are dedicated to the adoption of the Middletown plan.

The Middletown plan has received much national acceptance and acclaim. Some of these include articles in the Commonweal, June 1946; the Christian Science Monitor, October 5, 1946; Reader's Digest, November 1946; Ohio Magazine, November 1946; the Civitan, January 1947; N. E. A. (Journal of National Education Association), April 1947; Magazine Digest, September 1947; Inside U. S. A., by John Gunther, the Kiwanis Magazine, November 1947; and syndicated articles by Thomas L. Stokes, Dorothy Thompson, Peter Edson, and Jack Ramey.

Important radio appearances have included the Herald Tribune Forum, World Front, In My Opinion, Canal Days, and all four of our Town Meetings.

All of these things are not just testimony to our activity, the important thing is that the American public want a definite plan for strengthening the United Nations and they find in this plan as submitted in Resolution 168, the solution they crave.

When we started this crusade in Middletown, 2 years ago, we were a small voice in the wilderness. Today, aided by the soundness of the solution and the most invaluable assistance of Messrs, Molotov. Vishynski, and Gromyko, we are one small part of a vast legion of Americans who want action now and will support firm action now. We are grateful to the 14 Representatives and 18 Senators who introduced into Congress House Concurrent Resolution 168 and Senate Concurrent Resolution 50.

But, gentlemen, this wave of American public opinion so necessary to our national leaders if they are to retain the essential initiative in this present struggle for the peace can fade more rapidly thar it grew.

We are the most amiable, unsuspicious, and friendly people on earth. If the Kremlin crowd spread a little insincere, soft-soap talk about wanting peace, millions of our people will immediately relax and say, "Praise be. It's all over now, we won't need the draft or the big Air Force, we can all be friends again." We have seen an example of this tendency in the last few days. That, as you gentlemen know, will be the truly dangerous time.

The test, and the only test of value for any solution is, "Will it stop their making of the bomb?"

We are confident that Resolution 168 will do that necessary thing and if adopted and carried forward promptly and with manifest determination, will do so without hostilities. We know that public opinion is behind it and we know no alternative with such popular support. In further support of this view, I am attaching a copy of letter written to Chairman Eaton of this committee by Mr. William Verity, chairman of the Middletown Citizen's Committee. This was written in reply to an inquiry from Chairman Eaton and covers the growth of the Middletown plan in greater detail than outlined above. The people's desire to act before it is too late is the really inspiring thing we learned, and I hope that therein lies some help we can bring to your committee.

We earnestly urge your favorable action on Resolution 163 or 168. Chairman EATON. We are most grateful to you for bringing us the word of this most American and significant movement.

Are there any questions?

Mr. VORYS. Mr. Emerson, as you know, my brother started in business in Middletown in the great company with which you are associated, and I therefore am particularly proud that this great movement stems from Middletown and from my State of Ohio.

Thank you for your presentation.

Chairman EATON. Mr. Fulton.

Mr. FULTON. Suppose we do get some system set up with Russia on handling the atomic bomb, do you believe that the people who would agree on Russia's behalf, can be depended upon to go ahead with what they agreed to, or could they just get secrets from us on the bomb and abrogate any treaty or agreement we might make?

Mr. EMERSON. If the suggestions of the resolution is followed through, Mr. Fulton, before any such agreement is arrived at, the mechanism for inspection will be set up, and the mechanism for policing will be set up, so that once they agree and put into operation the plan we contemplate, we would have penetrated the "iron curtain" and it would be too late for them to pull back.

Mr. FULTON. Do you think they would agree in the first place if they felt the result would be we in the United States and the democracies would penetrate the "iron curtain" they themselves have set up?

Mr. EMERSON. Under this plan, of course, inspection is a very fundamental part.

Mr. FULTON. Do you think they would agree in the first place? What chance is there of that.

Mr. EMERSON. I think there is every chance of it, but whether it would be this group or another group that I could not say, but I think

if we do a job, which we Americans should be able to do, of ingenious and imaginative publicity, let us say, on this plan for peace, it will penetrate the "iron curtain" in many ways and may actuate the potential opposition which exists there now, to insure a carrying out of any arrangements that the leaders, whoever they are at that time, make in behalf of the U. S. S. R.

Mr. FULTON. You feel then the effort is worth the chance of success? It is worth while to put out the effort?

Mr. EMERSON. Very definitely, and I feel it is so important that we begin now to regain again the initiative, and to retain it.

Mr. FULTON. Thank you.

Chairman EATON. Mr. Chiperfield?

Mr. CHIPERFIELD. I have no questions, Mr. Chairman.

Chairman EATON. Thank you Mr. Emerson, and good luck to Middletown. I lived in Ohio for a long time and I guess I have spoken in every town of importance in it.

Mr. EMERSON. I hope you will be back very soon, Mr. Chairman. Chairman EATON. Thank you.

The committee will now adjourn, to meet Tuesday morning at 10:30 in our committee room in executive session.

(The following statements have been submitted for inclusion in the record :)

TESTIMONY OF MIDDLETOWN CITIZENS COMMITTEE, MIDDLETOWN, OHIO

Hon. CHARLES A. EATON,

Chairman, House Foreign Affairs Committee,

Washington, D. C.

MAY 13, 1948.

SIR: As requested by your telegram of May 12, 1948, the Middletown Citizens Committee is pleased to offer the following testimony in favor of House Concurrent Resolution 168 which is now before your committee. We are grateful of having the opportunity to present the feelings of the citizens of Middletown, Ohio, toward a strengthened United Nations.

The thoughts of Middletown, Ohio, citizens are best described in their actions for the past 2 years. The record speaks for itself.

Two years ago we were worried because peace had not come. Though the war was over, international suspicion and distrust remained. We felt that a third world war was inevitable unless courageous and immediate action was taken by the American people to guide our destiny down the road of peace.

We decided that if a democracy is to work, then all of us must do our share of the working, thinking and persuading. To quote from our publication Crossroads Middletown:

"We, the people, are the Government. We pay the taxes, make the laws, fight the wars. We mustered all the strength and determination at our command to fight for victory in World War II. We believe that we must fight now for peace with this same strength and determination. Then and only then will peace become a reality.

"For almost a year after VJ-day we in Middletown hoped that 'they' would find a solution to the problems of peace. Then we slowly began to realize that time was short, that we could not afford to sit on our front porches and watch the world go round. We awoke to the fact that we could no longer 'let George do it.' This was our problem. It was up to us to take concrete action to bring about this peace for which we had fought.

"After much study and discussion we agreed that the only hope for a workable and permanent peace lay in some type of world organization That organization was already in existence-the United Nations.

"To date the UN has proved itself ineffective. But it was our belief that the surest, most immediate, and practical solution to the problem lay in finding a

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