to find sureties? I had the good fortune of getting a situation as supercargo in a vessel of Mr. Giacomo Galiani, armourer of the place, and I departed for Buenos Ayres, loaded with arms and munition for the republican government of that country. This passage did not terminate without disturbance; for in the 23o Lat. S., we were chased by a war-schooner of the Brazils, then at war with Buenos Ayres. After having questioned us with what we were charged, they sent their boat, manned with ten marines, to board us, and thought us a good prize. I observed to the captain of our vessel that, being thirty strong, we might easily get rid of our assailants. Orders were given to that effect; we threw ourselves on the Brazilians, put them overboard, left them their boat to save themselves, and set all sail. The schooner was a fine sailor, and went faster than our vessel, but not liking to leave behind the ten men and the boat, they could not force all sail to reach us; they however cannonaded us until we were out of range. All went well, night arrived, we steered a little south west, and in the morning, by dawn of day, we saw the schooner fourteen miles distant to our east. As soon as we were perceived, she steered towards us with full sails, and approached so perceptibly, that at the decline of day she fired on us; the balls passed over our ship, and in an hour's time she would have boarded us. We however steered west, and perceived that she did not gain upon us. Her shot did no harm, and at eleven o'clock, not perceiving her any more, we steered SS. W.; thus continuing our direction to the Gulf of la Plata, we arrived at Buenos Ayres. I was tempted to accept of a place as commander of cavalry in the foreign legion, which was offered to me, but I had engaged with my armourer to return in order to give account of my voyage; this reason, and the affection I felt for my country, and my enthusiasm for liberty, for which I had sworn to sacrifice my life, made me refuse the offer. We unshipped our cargo, and were freighted with leather, horns, old copper, and other goods, and after three weeks we weighed anchor to return to Europe. On this voyage my mind predicted something successful, and a journey of thirty-five days seemed an eternity to me. Arrived at Gibraltar, and going to my consul to arrange my passport, I found a letter of one of my brothers, who invited me to approach my country again, providing my pardon was on the table of the king. I took advantage of the opportunity of a galiot, which was going to Leghorn with Tuscan sheep, and I embarked to go to that town. After a prosperous sail we arrived, and after a quarantine of eight days I went on shore. Scarcely had I disembarked, when a policeman invited me to go with him to the commissary of police, who wanted to speak to me; 1 went instantly, but I had not expected to be treated harshly. "Sir," he addressed me, "you know that you are a political emigrant, and you cannot stay here. I acquaint you that, if you do not depart this day, I have orders to put you into prison." I wished to intimate to him that, by such a treatment, hospitality and the right of nations would be violated; but he would not hear me, saying, "You have comprehended what I said to you-retire." I went out to take a little refreshment in a restaurant, but scarcely had I finished my soup, when the same policeman came to tell me that the commissary wanted to speak to me. I went to him directly. Sir," he said to me, "here is the captain of a vessel, who departs for Rome this evening. I will take care to have your passport rectified by the nuncio, and meanwhile send your effects; keep on board, for I have given orders to arrest you if you are seen an hour hence in town." Then, without going to finish my repast, I had my luggage fetched, and went on board. There, filled with grief at being treated so rudely, I said to myself: If you are treated thus in a liberal country, what will happen at Rome? You will be shut up for life, or they will send you back to your own country, where the executioner will make you die on the scaffold. I directed my fervent prayers to the Almighty, and nerving myself with a courage, proof for everything, I was inspired with a profound tranquillity of spirit. After a short navigation we arrived at the Holy City, where I enjoyed a tranquil life. I received resources from my family, and occupied myself with copying writings for an advocate; waiting for the time when I might return to my country, according to what my brothers had written to me. At four o'clock on the morning of the 21st of February, 1823, whilst I was quietly reposing in my bed, my landlady entered my room, telling me with agitation that a number of people were asking for me; she believed it was the police, and that, if I wanted to escape, I might jump out of a back window, whilst she was going to open the front door. At first I was confused, but resuming my habitual tranquillity, I told her that I feared nothing, and that she might open the door to the men, who were knocking incessantly. In an instant my room was filled with men. Their chief, a man of the most horrible aspect, after having asked my name, commanded me to dress. I did so without answering, and when I had put my feet on the floor, two men took cords from their pockets, tied my hands and feet, and lifted me on a chair. Whilst this was going on, others rummaged among my papers, and then, having untied my feet, led me down stairs and put me into a vehicle, which was waiting at the door. After a quarter of an hour's ride we stopped; they made me go out and enter through a large gate, which closed directly after us. Then they conducted me into a room, untied my hands which were already swollen, and stripped me to the skin. They searched my clothes, and having found nothing, they told me to put them on again, and to follow a man who had a large bundle of keys in his hand. I descended and ascended several stairs, and found myself at last in front of a large door, which was opened and closed again after us. We had not gone many steps in this corridor, when my conductor told me to look behind me; and, pointing to a crucifix of a prodigious size, he said to me these words: "All your hopes are in His hands-commend yourself to Him." I knew well the meaning of these words, and did not answer. arrived at a small door, it was opened; I was told to enter, which I did by stooping, and I heard the door locked. I was now in utter darkness; and dared not stir from my place, fearing lest I was in an oubliette," but stretching out my arms I could feel the four walls. Then I sat myself down, waiting for daylight; I saw it come through a small skylight, which was about nine feet high. Some hours elapsed, when my door was opened, and they brought me a piece of bread and some water. About three months passed with the same treatment, and I was reduced to such a state of weakness, that I was scarcely able to keep myself upright. One day, towards noon, I was called to go to my examination. Arrived in an apartment, entirely covered with black, at the bottom of which was a table with a black covering and a crucifix on it, with two candles, I perceived an ecclesiastic, and another man at his side, sitting We behind it. Politely I was asked to sit down, and he assured me that I was more before a friend than a judge; he told me to banish all fear, and speak the truth to all questions he should put to me, and that he would do his best to free me from the trouble in which I was. He asked my name, country, and the reason why I was prisoner; then he enquired whether I knew a certain person, by name and whether I belonged to Freemasonry. To this last I answered in the negative. After several other questions he addressed me thus: "I believe you to be not guilty of the crime you are accused of, but I cannot give you your liberty. I shall however make instantly my report, and you will hear of me in a short time. I shall give orders meanwhile that you be better treated.” Then he ordered me to retire, and I was conducted to another room, well provided with bars, where there was a bed, a table, and two chairs. Eight days afterwards I was taken to another prison, called "le carcere nuovo," new prison, where I was well treated; and, after another examination, having been detained seven months and twenty-four days, I was set at liberty by a "motu proprio" of his holiness, under the following conditions, viz.:-To leave the papal states within three days, and to sign an obligation never to enter the states of Rome again, under pain of five years at the galleys. All this being done, I embarked and went over to Marseilles. I learnt there that preparations were going on for an expedition against Algiers, and I requested the prefect of marine to give me a place for taking part in this campaign, as surveyor of the stores, and I obtained it. After this expedition I returned to France, and, not knowing how to employ myself, I resolved to go to Paris before spending the little money I had gained, thinking that I could more readily obtain in the capital an employment suitable for me; and on the 28th of July, 1830, at ten o'clock in the morning, I arrived there. I had heard already the news of the revolution. The most open streets were barricadoed. I alighted near the Jardin des Plantes, went on foot through the town, in spite of the firing which was going on in almost all the streets, and came to the gate of St. Denys, where a platoon of the " Garde du Corps" denied the passage to every one. Unwilling to meddle with these affairs, not being a Frenchman, I requested the officer to let me pass; but instead of consenting to my entreaty, he rode up to me to strike me with his sabre. I stooped to avoid the blow, and lifting his right foot out of the stirrup, he fell from the horse. The revolters, having stopped till this monent in the doors of the houses, came out, and commenced a fire which forced the platoon to fall back. The revolters wanted to make me their leader, but I refused; and continuing my road up to La Villete, a village joining the capital, I went to a friend, with whom I remained several days. The revolution had terminated, but the French had done nothing except change their masters; things remained on the same footing, the only alteration being in the name. The government granted a pension to all exiled officers; but this assistance carried with it the most galling chains; they were obliged to live in an appointed spot, from which they might not stir without special permission of government, and three francs were deducted every year from the sum granted, so that, after a few years, it became so insignificant, that an officer was left no more than forty-five francs a month, equivalent to thirty-six shillings English. Being without friends in a strange country, and finding myself lonely, I thought of marrying, and in the month of November, 1835, I executed my plan, uniting myself to a lady who is now sharing my fate, and who has borne me three children. Through my love of liberal principles, I could not avoid having intercourse with persons of the same opinions. This was sufficient for the police to make themselves acquainted with my political sentiments: several of my friends were arrested; I was informed of it, and fearing the same fate, I escaped to England, where, experiencing the generosity of her inhabitants, I have lived now eleven years, following the profession of teacher of languages. Unfortunately, I was visited last winter with a severe illness, which has thrown me into misery; but I live in the firm hope that the Almighty will take pity on five beings who have been up to this day the toy of injustice and misfortune. If I had not such a dear native country as beautiful Italy, for the liberty of which I have suffered so much, I should like to finish my days and let my ashes rest in this hospitable soil, worthy of all blessings of Heaven. Should my narrative have pleased my readers, and the Editor of this Review (also an old Mason) would allow me the indulgence of giving further scope for entertaining, I have matter sufficient, as yet unknown to Masons of the present day, and should be happy to do so. "March 7, 1848.-At last, after the sufferings of twenty-seven years in my exile, I am allowed, through the late political changes in my country, to return to Naples, where I shall be re-instated in my former rank, and take possession of the house of my ancestors, with my wife and three children. The feelings which are aroused within me by this joyous prospect, and the ardent desire which has taken hold of my mind to leave as soon as possible the scene of my unspeakable sufferings, you can easily imagine." [Thus wrote our brother on the eve, as we presume, of his departure to re-visit the scenes of former happiness; may he find solace in past reflection, and peace and comfort in the future!-ED.] TO THE EDITOR. SIR AND BROTHER.-The Great Unknown is asked, "Which of the following governments is considered to be the proper system in Masonry." The paper is extracted from a dictionary dedicated to a former Grand Master, the Earl of Moira. GOVERNMENTS. Theocratic Eirenarchic Stratocratic Aristocratic Oligarchic. Autocratic Dulocratic Ethnarthic. Heptarchic Hierarchic Republic Optimatic Utopian. Ochlocratic Polygarchic Dinarchic Duarchic Triarchic Gynæcocratic Demonocratic. AN OTHER UNKNOWN. in which God himself governs. where a few principal persons govern. kingly government. where the richest individuals govern. where servants and slaves govern. where seven kings govern. sacred government. a commonwealth government. where the nobles govern the commonwealth. immaculate government. where the multitude govern. where two persons govern. where three govern. women, or petticoat government. where some sort of devils govern. &c. &c. &c. For fear of error, I beg to say that the above paper has no allusion to politics, nor to Austria, France, Prussia, Poland, Ireland, Italy, Naples, Rome, Hungary, Bohemia, Denmark, Holstein, Mayence, Switzerland, Baden, Bavaria, Spain, or any other place where a doubt may exist. TO THE EDITOR. DEAR SIR AND BROTHER.-I owe to your chivalrous efforts to maintain the pure working of our masonic ritual so grateful a remembrance, that I cannot suffer the earliest possible opportunity to pass without expressing, on the part of the fraternity in this important district, the very general and manifest dislike with which the intelligence of the consent of Grand Lodge to sanction the recommendation of the Grand Master, to the shortening of the period of probation between the blue degrees, has been received. A measure so fraught with danger to our Order could hardly have been devised by a deadly foe, much less by a Mason of such high standing. In fact, had we but been apprised in time, |