but, bring the given hour westward of London, if it be in the afternoon.

When it is 4 hours 50 minutes in the afternoon at Paris, it is noon at New Britain, New England, St. Domingo, Terra Firma, Peru, Chili, and Terra del Fuego.

When it is 7 hours 50 minutes in the morning at Ispahan, it is noon at the middle of Siberia, Chinese Tartary, China, Borneo.

PROBLEM IV. When it is noon at any place, to find what hour of the day it is at any other place.

Rule. Bring the place at which it is noon to the strong brass meridian, and set the hour index to the uppermost XII, and then turn the globe about till the other place comes under the strong brass meridian, and the hour index will shew upon the equator the required hour. If to the eastward of the place where it is noon, the hour found will be in the afternoon; if to the westward, it will be in the forenoon.

Thus, when it is noon at London, it is 50 minutes past XII at Rome; 32 minutes past VII in the evening at Canton, in China; 15 minutes past VII in the morning at Quebec, in Canada.

PROBLEM V. The hour being given at any place, tó tell what hour it is in any other part of the world.

Rule. Bring the place where the time is required

under the strong brass meridian, set the hour index to the given time, then turn the globe, till the other place is under the brass meridian, and the horary index will point to the hour required.

Thus, suppose we are at London at IX o'clock in the morning, what is the time at Canton, in China? Answer, 31 minutes past IV in the afternoon. When it is IX in the evening at London, it is about 15 minutes past IV in the afternoon at Quebec, in Canada.

Thus, also, when it is III in the afternoon at London, it is 18 minutes past X in the forenoon at Boston. When it is VI in the morning at the Cape of Good Hope, it is 7 minutes after midnight at Quebec.

OF LATITUDE.

I have always observed, that the equator divides the globe into two hemispheres, the northern and the southern.

The latitude of a place is its distance from' the equator towards the north or south pole, measured by degrees upon the meridian of the place.

All places, therefore, that lie under the equator, are said to have no latitude.

All other places upon the earth, are said to be in north or south latitude, as they are situated on the north or south side of the equator; and the latitude of any place will be greater or less, according as it is further from, or nearer to the equator.

Lines, which keep always at the same distance from each other, are called parallels.

If a circle, or circular line, be conceived keeping at the same distance from the equator, it will be a parallel to the equator.

Circles of this kind are commonly drawn on the terrestrial globe, on both sides of the equator.

A circle of this kind, at 10 degrees from the equator, is called a parallel of 10 degrees.

When any such parallel passes through two places on the globe's surface, those two places have the same latitude.

Hence, parallels to the equator are called parallels of latitude.

There are four principal lesser circles parallel to the equator, which divide the globe into five unequal parts, called zones.

The circle on the north side of the equator is called the tropic of Cancer; it just touches the north part of the ecliptic, and shews the path the sun appears to describe, the longest day in summer.

That which is on the south side of the equator is called the tropic of Capricorn; it just touches the south part of the ecliptic, and shews the path the sun appears to describe, the shortest day in

winter.

The space between these two tropics, which contains about 47 degrees, was called by the ancients the torrid zone.

The two polar circles are placed at the same dis

tance from the poles, that the two tropics are from the equator.

One of these is called the northern, the other the southern polar circle.

These include 23 degrees on each side of their resp ective poles; and, consequently, contain 47 degrees, equal to the number of degrees included between the tropics.

The space contained within the northern polar circle was, by the ancients, called the north frigid zone; and that within the southern polar circle, the south frigid zone.

The spaces between either polar circle, and its nearest tropic, which contain about 43 degrees each, were called by the ancients the two temperate zones.

PROBLEM VI. To find the latitude of any place.

If the pupil comprehends the foregoing definition, he will find no difficulty in the solution of this and some of the following problems.

Rule. Bring the place to the graduated side of the strong brass meridian, and the degree which is over it is the latitude. Thus, London will be found to have 51 degrees 30 minutes north latitude; Constantinople, 41 degrees north latitude; and the Cape of Good Hope, 34 degrees south latitude.

PROBLEM VII. To find all those places which have the same latitude with any given place.

Suppose the given place to be London; turn the globe round, and all those places which pass under the same point of the strong brass meridian, are in the same latitude.

PROBLEM VIII. To find the difference of latitude between two places.

Rule. If the places be in the same hemisphere, bring each of them to the meridian, and subtract the latitude of one from the other. If they are in different hemispheres, add the latitude of one to that of the other.

Example. The latitude of London is 51 degrees 32 minutes, that of Constantinople 41 degrees; their difference is 10 degrees 32 minutes. The difference between London, 51 degrees 32 minutes north, and the Cape of Good Hope, 34 degrees south, is 84 degrees 32 minutes.

PROBLEM IX. The latitude and longitude of any place being known, to find that place upon the globe.

Rule. Seek for the given longitude in the equator, and bring the moveable meridian to that point; then count from the equator on the meridian the degree of latitude either towards the north or south pole,