this stage, to whomsoever it may be due, can hardly have any other effect than to delay the meeting of the Congress upon which alone such hopes of peace as may still remain must depend.
We rejoice to see on every side the growing conviction that the first duty of England is to labour for peace, and that in labouring for peace she must keep her eye steadily fixed, not only on the acts and motives of the hour, but upon that heavy mass of grievance, that long course of aggression and misgovernment in the Italian peninsula, which alone have made such acts and motives possible. Peace itself is not a blessing when we purchase it upon conditions which from their very nature accumulate the materials of future indeed but fiercer and more profound convulsion. The great Italian reckoning grows from year to year more entangled, more difficult of settlement. Let Europe have peace by all means upon any terms that will mitigate the sharpness and lessen the mass of human suffering; upon any terms except such as basely sell the birthright of the future for the mess of pottage that is to feed only the hunger of to-day. May Heaven prosper the efforts which we believe that our Foreign Minister is making for peace in the sense we have described, but may Heaven also forbid that if he fail he should set the seal of the approval or the silence of England on that shameful policy, which has so long inflicted on the Italian people the doom of mingled oppression and dishonour!
As far as it is possible to forecast the attitude of parties at the opening of a conflict now too probable, it seems plain that the neutrality of England will in all likelihood 'be matter not of prudence only, but of the very highest moral obligation. The relief of Italy is an honourable end, but it must not be sought by unholy means, such as would be countenance given to schemes, in whatever quarter, of selfish and reckless ambition. The power of Austria is vital to the equilibrium of Europe: but we must not be parties to defending for the sake of that power the acts and maxims by which she has been the means of inflicting beyond the Alps such woes on mankind. If we cannot assist Louis Napoleon without the fear of promoting piracy, so neither can we help Austria without the certainty of becoming the tools of tyranny. Our task should be to keep our moral and material force entire and unimpaired, to stand wholly clear of any selfish interest, to urge on this side and on that the claims of reason and justice, to concentrate as far as may be independent European opinion in the same sense, and to abide the opportunities which time may place at our command.
We could wish that our internal condition were more entirely favourable to the attainment of these great ends; but we are Vol. 105.-No. 210.
unhappily saddled, in this agony of the fate of Europe, with the
discussion of a domestic question of organic change. To guide
us through the mazes of this question, we have not the adyan-
tages of the landmarks which are supplied either by glaring
public evils, or by pronounced popular desire. The early stages
as yet attempted towards a settlement have not been happily or
safely accomplished. We began with a bill which caused a
convulsion in the Cabinet, and deprived Lord Derby of the
assistance of two of his most valuable colleagues. We had next
a Resolution, which was supported and carried by statesmen
irreconcilably at variance among themselves as to its purpose
and effect. Defeat on this Resolution is now followed by an
appeal from the Parliament to the country. We believe that
Lord
Malmesbury will continue to address himself to the dis-
charge of his duties with an enlightened impartiality, and in
the temper which befits the representative of his country. But
the main strength of every English minister lies in the con-
fidence of the Sovereign and of the nation as represented by the
Parliament. It is probable that those weeks, during which no
Parliament will exist, may be critical and even decisive. This
is against us, and is against the peace of Europe. All we can hope
is that, by virtue of his own good sense and good feeling, and with
the able assistance that he will have at his command, Lord Mal-
mesbury will confine this evil within the narrowest bounds he
may, by taking care, whether from his desk in Downing Street,
or when he assumes, his seat at the still shadowy Congress, to own
no allegiance to any cause less worthy than the cause of Peace
founded upon Justice, and to speak in those manly and simple
tones which are not and cannot be disowned by any party recog-
nised among us, or by any ministry formed out of any combina-
tion, because they are the faithful echo of the sentiments cherished
by the whole people of England.
Although domestic affairs have been in a great degree cast
into the shade by the prospect of a tremendous European conflict,
it is not the less certain that the new Parliament will be required
to pronounce upon the question of Reform. It is now that the
country must decide between democratic change and Conservative
moderation. A more momentous, a more vital subject, could not
be submitted to the electors of this kingdom, and we trust that
no one will forget that upon the result of the contest depends the
future Constitution of England.
HUNDRED AND FIFTH VOLUME OF THE QUARTERLY REVIEW.
Bankruptcy laws, alterations in, 523.
Berlin, the gallery of paintings at, 352.
Bible, the chronology of the, 382-on
the laws determining historical evi-
dence, ib. Sir G. C. Lewis and Mr.
Grote on the true method, 383-Mr.
Bunsen's work on Egypt, 384-ob-
ject of, 385-his authorities, ib.-
value of Egyptian registers, 387-
Manetho's history, 388-curious mix-
ture of history and mythic narrative,
389 n.-Makrizi, 390-the works of
Eratosthenes, 391-Julius Africanus,
393-Eusebius and Syncellus, ib.-
theory of contemporary dynasties,
394 Manetho's dynasties, 395
errors of Mr. Bunsen, 396-his arbi-
trary corrections of authorities, 398
unsatisfactory treatment of the
middle period of the Egyptian mo-
narchy, 399-the Shepherd kings,
400-credulity and scepticism, 401-
Scriptural chronology, ib. chrono-
logical systems of ancient nations,
402-value of contemporary monu-
ments, 404-on Mr. Bunsen's data
for reconstructing chronology, 406-
pyramids of Gizeh, 408-Mr. Bun-
Vol. 105.-No. 210.
sen's arbitrary method of dealing, 410
arrangement of periods to which
kings belong, 412-Mr. Bunsen's
scheme of Bible chronology, 415-
date of the Exodus, 416.
Boswell's Life of Johnson, 176; and
see Johnson.
Bread-Book, The English, by Eliza
Acton, 233.
Bread, on the manufacture of, 238-
improvement in, 234-adulteration,
ib.-early history of wheat, 236-
variety of, 238 experiment with
grass, ib. hybrids, 240-principal
kinds of wheat, 241-their character,
242-structure of the wheat-grain,
ib.-flour dressings, 243 compo-
sition of flour, ib. bread, 246-
lightening,' ib.-ferment, 247-pre-
paring the dough, ib.-yeast, 248-
fermentation, 250-water, 252-use
of alum, 253-lime-water, ib.-the
baking, 254.
British Museum, the, state of confusion
in, 372.
Brougham, Lord, on the character of
George III., 465.
Brougham, Lord, Acts and Bills of, by
Sir J. E. Wilmot, 504-early Parlia-
mentary career of, 505-on law
reform, 506-state of our laws, ib.-
advantages of a digest, 507-codifi
cation considered, 509 Lord J.
Russell's views, 510-American 1.
forms, 512-Lord Brougham's Acts,
513-Prisoners' Counsel Bill, 515-
Lord Eldon's opposition, 516-Lord
Brougham's speech on law reform in
1828, 517 becomes chancellor, 518
Sydney Smith's eulogium on, 519
-criminal law digest, 520-general
heads of his measures, 521-libel and
slander, ib.-chancery, ib.real pro-
perty, 522-criminal law and bank-
ruptcy, 528-law of evidence, ib.-
courts established since 1828, ib.-
county courts, 524-other law re-
formers, 525-Lord Lyndhurst, ib.
Buckle, Mr., sketch of George III., by,
Bunsen, C. C. J., Egypt's Place in
Universal History, by, 382; and see
Bible chronology.
Carbonari, the, in Italy, 113.
Carlyle, Thos., History of Frederick the
Great, by, 275-faults of style, 276,
301-on historical writing, 279—on
the origin of the Hohenzollerns, 280
-Sigismund, super grammaticam, ib.
--repetition of slight circumstances,
281-reflections on the Réformation,
ib.-peculiarities of Frederick Wil-
liam, 283-arrangement of the work,
301 Mr. Carlyle and Macaulay
compared, 303-essence of his phi-
losophy, 304.
Catholic emancipation, 98.
Central Criminal Court, establishment
of, 524.
Chatham, Lord, general character of,
469 his conduct towards George
III., b.-influence of, 473.
Cholera in Rome, the, 128.
Consular service, report from the select
committee on, 74-complaints and
proposed improvements, ib.-position
of the British consul, 75-origin of
'consul,' 77-their duties, 78-dimi-
nution of importance in France, 80
-English consular jurisdiction, 81
-consuls in China, 82 - in the
Levant, ib.-expenditure of establish-
ments, 84-insufficiency of salaries,
85-popularity of the institution, 87
-compensation, 88-payment of fees,
Cornwallis, the Marquis of, corre-
spondence of, 1-remarkable career
of, ib.-Mr. Ross, 2-anecdotes, 3-
pedigree of Cornwallis family, 4-
Lord Brome, ib.-joins the army, 5
-succeeds to the earldom, 6-em-
barks for America, ib.-command of
the army, 7-his position and sur-
render, 9 his eagerness for the
emoluments of office, ib.-mission to
Frederick the Great, 11-appoint-
ment in India, ib.-campaign against
Tippoo Saib, 14-storming of Serin-
gapatam, 15-Indian reforms, 17-
administration of justice, 18-return
to England, 19-appointed Lord-
Lieutenant of Ireland, 20-state of
Ireland, 22-the rebellion, 24-the
Union, 28 characteristics of the
Irish, 29-suggestions for discussing
the Union, 31-duels, 32-debate on
the Union, 34-the price of, 36-
freedom of speech, 38-Grattan, 39
-exertions of the anti-unionists, 42
-the passing of the Act, 43-Lord
Cornwallis resigns the viceroyalty,
44-his general character, ib.
County courts, establishment of, 524.
Criminal law, reforms in, 523.
Dartmoor Forest, a Perambulation of,
by Rev. S. Rowe, 422-426, 460.
Devonshire-roughness and independ-
ence of the inhabitants, 422-causes
of, 423-harbours, 425-histories of,
ib.-early history of, 426-Dartmoor,
427-'parallelitha,' ib.-Roman con-
quest of, 428-ancient remains, 429
-legends, 430-the Saxon rule, 432
-Christianity in, ib.-St. Boniface,
433-Coplestone Cross, ib.-distinct
type of races in, 434-superstition, ib.
-Dartmoor, 435-pixies, 436-wish-
hounds, 437-Norman remains, 438
-monuments, 440-brasses, 441-
Church property, 442-Buckfast Ab-
bey, ib.-Tavistock Abbey, 443.
Buckland, 444-Plympton Priory,
445-state of churches, ib.-Exeter
Cathedral, 446-materials used, 447
-situation, 448-spirit of adventure
in, 450-Sir F. Drake, 451-Raleigh,
ib.-the Armada, 453-Charles I.,
455-Fairfax, 456-William III. at
Torbay, 457-worthies of, 458-
poets, 459-Carrington, ib.-Dart-
moor, 460-scenery, 461-dialect, ib.
—agriculture, 462.
Debates in Parliament, length of, 34.
Drama, the, 47; and see Shakespeare.
Dresden, the gallery of paintings at,
Drummond, H., a Letter to Mr. Bright
by, 255.
Duelling in Ireland, 32,
Dyce, Rev. Wm., the Works of Shake-
speare edited by, 45-59.
Eastlake, Sir C., 341, 357; and see Na
tional Gallery.
Egypt's Place in Universal History, by
C. C. J. Bunsen, 382; and see Bible
Chronology.
Eratosthenes, on the works of, 391.
Evidence, alteration in the law of, 528.
Exeter Cathedral, 446.
Florence, gallery of paintings at, 347.
Flour, the dressing of, 243-its com-
position, ib.; and see Bread.
Foreign affairs, 527; and see Italy.
Fox, C. J., the Life and Times of, by
Lord J. Russell, 463; and see George
III.
France, on the position of, in the Italian
war, 533-536.
Frederick the Great of Prussia, History
of, by T. Carlyle, 275-peculiarities
of Frederick William, 282-his con-
tempt for learning, 284—his amuse-
ments, ib. veracity, 285-the Tabagre,
287-early life of Frederick the Great,
ib-programme for daily instruc-
tion, 288-growing dislike of father
and son, 289-the double marriage
project, ib. Seckendorf's mission, 290
-visit to Dresden, 291-conduct of
Frederick William to his children,
292-Sir C. Hotham's mission, 293-
the Crown Prince's attempt at escape,
295-his imprisonment, 296-court-
martial and execution of Katte, 297
-marriage of the Princess Wilhel-
mina, 300-the release of the Prince,
ib.
Galton, F., the Art of Travel, by, 155.
Gentleman's Magazine, the, 178; and
see Johnson.
Germany, the drama in, 52.
George III. and Charles James Fox,
463 on the antagonism of George
III. and Fox, 464—general character
of the King, ib.-alleged hostility of
the King to men of liberal opinions,
467-Lord Chatham, 468-conduct
towards the King, 469-notes to Lord
North, 468-hatred towards Fox,
474-resignation of Lord North, ib.
-causes for the dislike to Fox, 476—
family virtues of the King, 477-
Royal Marriage Act, 478-affection
for his children, 480-profligacy of
the Prince of Wales, 481-conduct
of Fox, ib.-feeling of the King
towards Fox, 482-friendships and
attachments of the King, 484-per-
sonal relations with his subjects, 485
-responsible government considered,
ib.-charges of dissimulation, 487-
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Italy, on the present position of affairs
in, 527-prospects of war in, 528-
probable effects of, on France, ib.-
on Piedmont, ib.-on England, 529
-popularity of Austria, 530 - her
policy, b.-Louis Napoleon, 581–
on the position of France in the pre-
sent war, 533-her occupation of
Rome, 534-position of affairs be-
tween Austria and Italy, 537-Count
Buol's despatch, 538-conduct to-
wards Italy, 539-Austrian occupa-
tion of Italy, 541-Lombardy and
Venice, 544-causes operating to the
prejudice of Austria, 545-taxation,
546-its consequences, 548-Austrian
rule in, 550-Sardinia, 552-Peace
conference, 553-general summary,
555-Austrian difficulties, 556-the
Papal States, 557-Tuscany, 558-
Lombardy, ib.-suggested remedies,
559-Austrian requirements, 561-
position of England, 563.
Johnson, Life and Writings of, 176-
contributions to the Gentleman's.
Magazine,' 178-Parliamentary De-
bates, 179-intimacy with Savage,.
181-his Life of, 182-supposed par-
ticipation in the Rebellion, 183-the
'Vision of Theodore,' b.- Vanity
of Human Wishes,' 184- Irene,' 185
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