For the Soviet Union: Marshal K. E. Voroshilov, Marshal of the Soviet Union, Mr. A. Y. Vyshinski, Mr. M. M. Litvinov, Deputy People's Commissars for Foreign Affairs, Mr. V. A. Sergeyev, Deputy People's Commissar for Foreign Trade, Major-General A. A. Gryslov, of the General Staff, Mr. G. F. Saksin, Senior Official of the People's Commissariat for Foreign Affairs, and experts. The agenda included all the questions submitted for discussion by the three Governments. Some of the questions called for final decisions and these were taken. On other questions, after discussion, decisions of principle were taken: these questions were referred for detailed consideration to commissions specially set up for the purpose, or reserved for treatment through diplomatic channels. Other questions again were disposed of by an exchange of views. The Governments of the United States, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union have been in close cooperation in all matters concerning the common war effort. But this is the first time that the Foreign Secretaries of the three Governments have been able to meet together in conference. In the first place there were frank and exhaustive discussions of measures to be taken to shorten the war against Germany and her satellites in Europe. Advantage was taken of the presence of military advisers, representing the respective Chiefs of Staff, in order to discuss definite military operations, with regard to which decisions had been taken and which are already being prepared, and in order to create a basis for the closest military cooperation in the future between the three countries. Second only to the importance of hastening the end of the war was the unanimous recognition by the three Governments that it was essential in their own national interests and in the interest of all peace-loving nations to continue the present close collaboration and cooperation in the conduct of the war into the period following the end of hostilities, and that only in this way could peace be maintained and the political, economic and social welfare of their peoples fully promoted. This conviction is expressed in a declaration in which the Chinese Government joined during the Conference and which was signed by the three Foreign Secretaries and the Chinese Ambassador at Moscow on behalf of their Governments. This declaration, published today, provides for even closer collaboration in the prosecution of the war and in all matters pertaining to the surrender and disarmament of the enemies with which the four countries are respectively at war. It sets forth the principles upon which the four Governments agree that a broad system of international cooperation and security should be based. Provision is made for the inclusion of The Moscow Conference... 6 all other peace-loving nations, great and small, in this system. The Conference agreed to set up machinery for ensuring the closest cooperation between the three Governments in the examination of European questions arising as the war develops. For this purpose the Conference decided to establish in London a European Advisory Commission to study these questions and to make joint recommendations to the three Governments. Provision was made for continuing, when necessary, tripartite consultations of representatives of the three Governments in the respective capitals through the existing diplomatic channels. The Conference also agreed to establish an Advisory Council for matters relating to Italy, to be composed in the first instance of representatives of their three Governments and of the French Committee of National Liberation. Provision is made for the addition to this Council of representatives of Greece and Yugoslavia in view of their special interests arising out of the aggressions of Fascist Italy upon their territory during the present war. This Council will deal with day-to-day questions, other than military operations, and will make recommendations designed to coordinate Allied policy with regard to Italy. The three Foreign Secretaries considered it appropriate to reaffirm, by a declaration published today, the attitude of their Governments in favor of restoration of democracy in Italy. The three Foreign Secretaries declared it to be the purpose of their Governments to restore the independence of Austria. At the same time they reminded Austria that in the final settlement account will be taken of efforts that Austria may make towards its own liberation. The declaration on Austria is published today. The Foreign Secretaries issued at the Conference a declaration by President Roosevelt, Prime Minister Churchill and Premier Stalin containing a solemn warning that at the time of granting any armistice to any German Government those German officers and men and members of the Nazi party who have had any connection with atrocities and executions in countries overrun by German forces will be taken back to the countries in which their abominable crimes were committed to be charged and punished according to the laws of those countries. In the atmosphere of mutual confidence and understanding which characterized all the work of the Conference, consideration was also given to other important questions. These included not only questions of a current nature, but also questions concerning the treatment of Hitlerite Germany and its satellites, economic cooperation and the assurance of general peace. will act together in all matters relating to the surrender and disarmament of that enemy. 3. That they will take all measures deemed by them to be necessary to provide against any violation of the terms imposed upon the enemy. 4. That they recognize the necessity of establishing at the earliest practicable date a general international organization, based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all peace-loving states, and open to membership by all such states, large and small, for the maintenance of international peace and security. 5. That for the purpose of maintaining international peace and security pending the re-establishment of law and order and the inauguration of a system of general security, they will consult with one another and as occasion requires with other members of the United Nations The Moscow Conference . . . 7 with a view to joint action on behalf of the community of nations. 6. That after the termination of hostilities they will not employ their military forces within the territories of other states except for the purposes envisaged in this declaration and after joint consultation. 7. That they will confer and co-operate with one another and with other members of the United Nations to bring about a practicable general agreement with respect to the regulation of armaments in the post-war period. V. MOLOTOV ANTHONY EDEN CORDELL HULL FOO PING-SHEUNG Moscow, 30th October, 1943. Declaration Regarding Italy RELEASED NOVEMBER 1, 1943 The Foreign Secretaries of the United States of America, the United Kingdom and the Soviet Union have established that their three Governments are in complete agreement that Allied policy towards Italy must be based upon the fundamental principle that Fascism and all its evil influences and emanations shall be utterly destroyed and that the Italian people shall be given every opportunity to establish governmental and other institutions based upon democratic principles. The Foreign Secretaries of the United States of America and the United Kingdom declare that the action of their Governments from the inception of the invasion of Italian territory, in so far as paramount military requirements have permitted, has been based upon this policy. In the furtherance of this policy in the future the Foreign Secretaries of the three Governments are agreed that the following measures are important and should be put into effect: 1. It is essential that the Italian Government should be made more democratic by the introduction of representatives of those sections of the Italian people who have always opposed Fascism. 2. Freedom of speech, of religious worship, of political belief, of the press and of public meeting shall be restored in full measure to the Italian people. who shall also be The Moscow Conference entitled to form anti-Fascist political groups. 3. All institutions and organizations created by the Fascist regime shall be suppressed. 4. All Fascist or pro-Fascist elements shall be removed from the administration and from the institutions and organizations of a public character. 5. All political prisoners of the Fascist regime shall be released and accorded a full amnesty. 6. Democratic organs of local government shall be created. 7. Fascist chiefs and other persons known or suspected to be war criminals shall be arrested and handed over to justice. In making this declaration the three Foreign Secretaries recognize that so long as active military operations continue in Italy the time at which it is possible to give full effect to the principles set out above will be determined by the Commander-in-Chief on the basis of instructions received through the Combined Chiefs of Staff. The three Governments parties to this declaration will at the request of any one of them consult on this matter. It is further understood that nothing in this resolution is to operate against the right of the Italian people ultimately to choose their own form of government. Declaration on Austria RELEASED NOVEMBER 1, 1943 The Governments of the United Kingdom, the Soviet Union and the United States of America are agreed that Austria, the first free country to fall a victim to Hitlerite aggression, shall be liberated from German domination. They regard the annexation imposed upon Austria by Germany on March 15th, 1938, as null and void. They consider themselves as in no way bound by any changes effected in Austria since that date. They declare that they wish to see reestablished a free and independent Austria, and thereby to open the way for the Austrian people themselves, as well as those neighboring states which will be faced with similar problems, to find that political and economic security which is the only basis for lasting peace. Austria is reminded, however, that she has a responsibility which she cannot evade for participation in the war on the side of Hitlerite Germany, and that in the final settlement account will inevitably be taken of her own contribution to her liberation. The United Kingdom, the United States and the Soviet Union have received from many quarters evidence of atrocities, massacres and cold-blooded mass executions which are being perpetrated by the Hitlerite forces in the many countries they have overrun and from which they are now being steadily expelled. The brutalities of Hitlerite domination are no new thing and all the peoples or territories in their grip have suffered from the worst form of government by terror. What is new is that many of these territories are now being redeemed by the advancing armies of the liberating Powers and that in their desperation, the recoiling Hitlerite Huns are redoubling their ruthless cruelties. This is now evidenced with particular clearness by monstrous crimes of the Hitlerites on the territory of the Soviet Union which is being liberated from the Hitlerites, and on French and Italian territory. Accordingly, the aforesaid three allied Powers, speaking in the interests of the thirty-two [forty-five] United Nations, hereby solemnly declare and give full warning of their declaration as follows: At the time of the granting of any armistice to any government which may be set up in Germany, those German officers and men and members of the Nazi party who have been responsible for, or have taken a consenting part in the above atrocities, massacres and executions, will be sent back to the countries in which their abominable deeds were done in order that they may be judged and punished according to the laws of these liberated countries and of the free governments which will be created therein. Lists will be compiled in all possible detail from all these countries having regard especially to the invaded parts of the Soviet Union, to Poland and Czechoslovakia, to Yugoslavia and Greece, including Crete and other islands, to Norway, Denmark, the Netherlands, Belgium, Luxemburg, France and Italy. Thus, the Germans who take part in wholesale shootings of Italian officers or in the execution of French, Dutch, Belgian or Norwegian hostages or of Cretan peasants, or who have shared in the slaughters inflicted on the people of Poland or in territories of the Soviet Union which are now being swept clear of the enemy, will know that they will be brought back to the scene of their crimes and judged on the spot by the peoples whom they have outraged. Let those who have hitherto not imbrued their hands with innocent blood beware lest they join the ranks of the guilty, for most assuredly the three allied Powers will pursue them to the uttermost ends of the earth and will deliver them to their accusers in order that justice may be done. The above declaration is without prejudice to the case of the major criminals, whose offences have no particular geographical localization and who will be punished by the joint decision of the Governments of the Allies. Senate Resolution 192 KNOWN AS THE CONNALLY RESOLUTION Resolved, That the war against all our enemies be waged until complete victory is achieved. That the United States cooperate with its comrades-inarms in securing a just and honorable peace. That the United States, acting through its constitutional processes, join with free and sovereign nations in the establishment and maintenance of international authority with power to prevent aggression and to preserve the peace of the world. That the Senate recognizes the necessity of there being established at the earliest practicable date a general in ROOSEVELT ternational organization, based on the principle of the sovereign equality of all peace-loving states, and open to membership by all such states, large and small, for the maintenance of international peace and security. That, pursuant to the Constitution of the United States, any treaty made to effect the purposes of this resolution, on behalf of the Government of the United States with any other nation or any association of nations, shall be made only by and with the advice and consent of the Senate of the United States, provided two-thirds of the Senators present concur. THE CAIRO CONFERENCE United States of America: President Roosevelt The several military missions have agreed upon future military operations against Japan. The Three Great Allies expressed their resolve to bring unrelenting pressure against their brutal enemies by sea, land, and air. This pressure is already rising. The Three Great Allies are fighting this war to restrain and punish the aggression of Japan. They covet no gain for themselves and have no thought of territorial expan sion. It is their purpose that Japan shall be stripped of all the islands in the Pacific which she has seized or occupied since the beginning of the first World War in 1914, and that all the territories Japan has stolen from the Chinese, such as Manchuria, Formosa, and the Pescadores, shall be restored to the Republic of China. Japan will also be expelled from all other territories which she has taken by violence and greed. The aforesaid three great powers, mindful of the enslavement of the people of Korea, are determined that in due course Korea shall become free and independent. With these objects in view the three Allies, in harmony with those of the United Nations at war with Japan, will THE TEHERAN CONFERENCE DECEMBER 1, 1943 We The President of the United States, the Prime Minister of Great Britain, and the Premier of the Soviet Union, have met these four days past, in this, the capital of our ally, Iran, and have shaped and confirmed our common policy. We express our determination that our nation shall work together in war and in the peace that will follow. As to war-our military staffs have joined in our round-table discussions, and we have concerted our plans for the destruction of the German forces. We have reached complete agreement as to the scope and timing of the operations to be undertaken from the east, west and south. The common understanding which we have here reached guarantees that victory will be ours. And as to peace-we are sure that our concord will win an enduring peace. We recognize fully the supreme responsibility resting upon us and all the United Nations to make a peace which will command the goodwill of the overwhelming mass of the peoples of the world and banish the scourge and terror of war for many generations. With our diplomatic advisers we have surveyed the problems of the future. We shall seek the cooperation and active participation of all nations, large and small, whose peoples in heart and mind are dedicated, as are our own peoples, to the elimination of tyranny and slavery, oppression and intolerance. We will welcome them, as they may choose to come, into a world family of democratic nations. No power on earth can prevent our destroying the German armies by land, their U-boats by sea, and their war plants from the air. Our attack will be relentless and increasing. Emerging from these cordial conferences we look with confidence to the day when all peoples of the world may live free lives, untouched by tyranny, and according to their varying desires and their own consciences. We came here with hope and determination. We leave here, friends in fact, in spirit and in purpose. ROOSEVELT, CHURCHILL and STALIN Signed at Teheran, December 1, 1943 Declaration Regarding Iran DECEMBER 1, 1943 The President of the United States of America, the Premier of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, and the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, having consulted with each other and with the Prime Minister of Iran, desire to declare the mutual agreement of their three Governments regarding their relations with Iran. The Governments of the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United Kingdom recognize the assistance which Iran has given in the prosecution of the war against the common enemy, particularly by facilitating transportation of supplies from overseas to the Soviet Union. The three Governments realize that the war has caused special economic difficulties for Iran and they are agreed that they will continue to make available to the Government of Iran such economic assistance as may be possible, having regard to the heavy demands made upon them by their world-wide military operations and to world-wide shortage of transport, raw materials and supplies for civilian consumption. With respect to the post-war period, the Governments of the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United Kingdom are in accord with the Government of Iran that any economic problem confronting Iran at the close of hostilities should receive full consideration along with those of the other members of the United Nations by conferences or international agencies held or created to deal with international economic matters. The Governments of the United States of America, the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the United Kingdom are at one with the Government of Iran in their desire for the maintenance of the independence, sovereignty and territorial integrity of Iran. They count upon the participation of Iran together with all other peaceloving nations in the establishment of international peace, security and prosperity after the war in accordance with the principles of the Atlantic Charter, to which all four Governments have continued to subscribe. TEXT OF TREATY Between the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia DECEMBER 12, 1943 Treaty on Friendship, Mutual Assistance and Postwar Collaboration Between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Czechoslovak Republic The Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the President of the Czechoslovak Republic, desiring to modify and supplement the Treaty on Mutual Assistance existing between the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Czechoslovak Republic and signed in Prague on May 16, 1935, confirm the provisions of the Agreement between the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics and the Government of the Czechoslovak Republic on Joint Actions in War Against Germany signed in London on July 18, 1941, desiring to assist after the war in the maintenance of peace and in averting further aggression on the part of Germany and to insure continuous friendship and peaceful collaboration between themselves after the war, have decided to conclude a treaty with this purpose and appointed as their Plenipotentiaries: For the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics-Vyacheslav Mikhailovich Molotov, People's Commissar of Foreign Affairs; for the President of the Czechoslovak Republic-Zdenek Firlinger, the Ambassador of the Czechoslovak Republic in the Soviet Union, who upon the exchange of their credentials found in due form and good order have agreed upon the following: Article I The high contracting parties, having mutually agreed to unite in the policy of continuous friendship and friendly collaboration after the war as well as of mutual assistance, undertake to render each other military and other assistance and support of all kind in the present war against Germany and all those states which are associated with her in acts of aggression in Europe. Article II The high contracting parties undertake not to enter in the course of the present war into any negotiations with the Hitler government or with any other government in Germany which does not clearly renounce all aggressive intentions, and not to negotiate or conclude without mutual consent any armistice or peace treaty with Germany or with any other state associated with her in acts of aggression in Europe. Article III Confirming their prewar policy of peace and mutual assistance expressed in their treaty signed in Prague on May 16, 1935, the high contracting parties undertake that, in the event one of them finds itself in the postwar period involved in hostilities with Germany which would resume her "Drang nach Osten" policy, or with any other state which would unite with Germany directly or in any other form in such a war, the other high contracting party will immediately render the contracting party thus involved in hostilities every military and other support and assistance within its disposal. Article IV The high contracting parties, considering the interests of security of each of them, agree to maintain close and friendly collaboration' in the period after the reestablishment of peace and to act in conformity with the principles of mutual respect for their independence and sovereignty, as well as for non-intervention in internal affairs of the other State. They agree to develop their economic relations on the widest possible scale and to render each other every possible economic assistance after the war. Article V Each of the high contracting parties undertakes not to conclude any alliance and not to take part in any coalition directed against the other high contracting party. Article VI The present treaty comes into force immediately upon being signed and is subject to ratification within the shortest possible time; the exchange of the instruments of ratification shall be effected in Moscow as soon as possible. The present treaty shall remain in force for twenty years from its signature and, if at the end of the said period of twenty years one of the high contracting parties does not declare, twelve months prior to the expiration of the term, its desire to renounce the treaty, it shall remain in force for the next five years, and thus each time until one of the high contracting parties, twelve months prior to the expiration of the current fiveyear term, presents notice in writing of its intention to discontinue its operation. In testimony whereof the Plenipotentiaries have signed this treaty and have affixed their seals thereto. Made in two copies, each in the Russian and the Czechoslovak languages. Both texts have equal force. Protocol to the treaty on friendship, mutual assistance and postwar collaboration between the Union which will thus acquire the quality of a tri-partite treaty. On authorization of the Presidium of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR MOLOTOV On authorization of the President of the Czechoslovak Republic FIRLINGER STATEMENT BY THE PRESIDENT on the Postwar Security Organization Program JUNE 15, 1944 The maintenance of peace and security must be the joint task of all peace-loving nations. We have, therefore, sought to develop plans for an international organ ization comprising all such nations. The purpose of the organization would be to maintain peace and security and to assist the creation, through international cooperation, |